feat: release v0.28.1 mixed API and generic project workspaces

test: record v0.28 remote generic and managed project acceptance
feat: release v0.28 generic Go project scaffolding and lifecycle entry
2026-09-30 00:20:17 +08:00 · 2026-09-30 00:01:38 +08:00 · 2026-09-29 23:58:20 +08:00 · 2026-09-29 23:27:32 +08:00 · 2026-09-29 23:24:19 +08:00 · 2026-09-29 13:34:28 +08:00
214 changed files with 15856 additions and 361 deletions
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,48 @@
 # Changelog

+## v0.27.0-preview（2026-09-29）
+
+- HTTP 配置新增 defaultMaxBodyBytes、maxBodyBytes、shutdownCancelTimeout；三种内置服务统一默认/路由/硬请求体限额，配置冲突在监听前报告完整路由与限额。native/HTTP2 不再以隐含 8 MiB 阻挡已放宽的 App 上传路由。
+- App 在所有服务入口跟踪完整请求处理链；关闭连接后有界等待处理器实际退出。超时仍有请求则返回 ErrResourcesRetained，跳过 App 清理；Runtime.Finish 继续停止后台工作但保留依赖，生成入口保留日志。
+- native 提前拒绝上传后有界半关闭连接，减少 TCP reset 吞掉错误响应；业务 HTTP 200 策略不再触发对被拒绝请求体的继续读取。
+- HTTP/2 Shutdown 同时等待连接和独立处理器，修复客户端断开后误判完成。增加真实 TLS/流式上传、取消收尾、拒绝晚到请求、资源保留和生成消费者回归，以及 httpSafety 示例。
+- 迁移：nethttp 手写普通路由新增默认 8 MiB 请求体上限，大请求显式覆盖；生成契约默认 1 MiB 保持。HTTP 停机多一个默认 5s 取消收尾窗口；外部宿主须将运行错误传给 Runtime.Finish，并遵守资源保留信号。
+
+## v0.26.0-preview（2026-09-29）
+
+- 新增独立 i18n：不可变命名空间词典、源/默认/启用语言、BCP 47 匹配、显式回退、参数/条件/基数复数和有界资源加载；不依赖 HTTP、业务或数据库。
+- Go/浏览器共用固定 CLDR 46.1 复数规则；JSON 资源版本、类型导出和按命名空间选择的语言包独立于业务错误格式。
+- 新增可选 httpi18n/errori18n 适配；错误 translation 元数据、PublicMessage 展示入口，保留原业务码/状态/失败语义/原始原因和首次幂等响应。
+- 新增 i18n check/export/types/extract；静态与动态键诊断、未知字段/重复定义/参数校验、显式覆盖；输入只读，不执行任意项目 Go。
+- 新增无前端框架依赖的浏览器模块、按需加载/切换竞态/失败保留、CLI/HTTP/表单示例及通用验收。旧项目默认行为不变。
+- 新 translation 生成代码要求 v0.26.0-preview 或具备能力的本地源码，未使用该元数据的模板最低版本保持 v0.22。
+
+- 修复 JSON 对象/数组结束定界符读取失败时丢失原始错误的问题，保留请求体限额的 HTTP 413；共享 Go 目录测试工程改用声明支持的 Go 1.22。
+
+## v0.25.0-preview（2026-09-26）
+
+- database.InTx 新增 TxError、TxStage、TxOutcome，区分开启/回调/提交失败以及未执行回调、已确认回滚、结果不确定；原签名保留。
+- 回调失败后只有显式回滚返回成功才标记 rolledBack；提交报错一律保守返回 unknown，不根据断网/超时或 ErrTxDone 推断回滚。不自动重试事务，不处理文件清理等业务决策。
+- Err/RollbackErr 分开保留，errors.As/Is 可遍历两条原因链；业务错误目录和公开响应行为保持。nil context 接受，nil 回调在开启前报错，panic/Goexit 保持传播并尝试回滚。
+- 新增阶段/取消竞争/确认丢失/并发/公开响应回归、真实 MySQL 驱动边界故障验收、性能比较和 examples/transactions；同步 README 与 database 指南。
+- 错误现在有类型包装；直接错误相等、直接类型断言和错误文本依赖需改为 errors.Is/As。标准库异步回滚不公开的底层原因无法还原，结果保持 unknown；不改变 GORM 自己的 Transaction。
+
+## v0.24.0-preview（2026-09-26）
+
+- 新增可选 cors 包和 server.cors 配置；生成项目直接加载，手写项目使用 omni.WithCORS，独立 HTTP 服务可使用 Policy.Wrap。默认关闭，无新增第三方依赖。
+- 精确来源白名单、方法/请求头、暴露头、凭据和预检缓存可配置；拒绝凭据与通配来源混用、非法来源/头及歧义的重复请求头，校验错误定位具体字段。
+- 在路由和鉴权之前处理预检；实际请求仍执行原有中间件，统一响应、404/405、上传下载和流式能力保持。nethttp/native/HTTP2 共用策略。
+- 补充真实生成项目、TLS 三种 transport、20 项真实浏览器检查、race/fuzz/性能基准；同步 README、配置指南、cors 指南及 examples/cors。
+- 没有移除现有功能或修改默认跨域行为。代理已负责 CORS 的项目保持关闭，避免重复头；高级调用 Router().ServeHTTP 不经过应用外层 CORS。
+
+## v0.23.0-preview（2026-09-26）
+
+- MySQL/连接池、日志、HTTP 客户端、生命周期和请求策略返回字段级安全诊断，配置加载器保留文件/变量/位置与原始错误链。
+- httpc.JSON 新增 WithSuccessStatuses，单次调用可限制允许的 2xx，默认兼容，拒绝响应继续关闭和有界回收。
+- copyx.Check[S,T] / Copier.Check 预检嵌套类型与现有规则；修正空集合隐藏类型不匹配，动态接口和 converter 的具体行为继续运行时验证。
+- logx.Config.TimeZone 绑定 Logger 实例，JSON/text/子 Logger/标准日志适配一致；不修改 time.Local 或业务时间属性。
+- 无新映射文件、强制模块或第三方依赖；更新 README、各包指南和 developerTools 可运行示例。错误文本更精确，空集合中的确定类型错误现在会被拒绝。
+
 ## v0.22.0-preview（2026-09-26）

 - 文件显式环境引用与备用值，字符串组合/转义，安全有界展开和类型绑定；变量值原样插入、不递归处理。
--- a/CONFIG.md
+++ b/CONFIG.md
@@ -141,6 +141,20 @@ config "etc/config.yaml":7:9 env "DB_PORT" field "database.port": expected a val

 文件最多 1 MiB；单个环境值/展开字段最多 1 MiB，展开字符串合计/变量缓存分别最多 4 MiB；解析/展开限制 64 层、100000 个节点与引用计数。拒绝无效 UTF-8、多文档、重复字段、未知字段、非普通文件；YAML 不接受 alias/merge/custom tag，XML 不接受 DTD/外部实体。不执行 shell，不自动加载 `.env`。

+## 框架模块的字段诊断
+
+v0.23 起 MySQL（含连接池/TLS）、通用数据库池、日志（含轮转/时区）、HTTP 客户端、退出阶段和请求策略返回字段级安全原因。沿用项目已有的 `config.AtField("database", err)` / `config.AtField("server", err)`，自动组合嵌套字段，不需业务重复校验基础参数。
+
+例如文件中 `database.port: "${DB_PORT}"` 的引用值为 70000：
+
+```text
+config "etc/config.yaml":3:9 env "DB_PORT" field "database.port": must be between 1 and 65535
+```
+
+日志级别非法指向 `server.log.level`；池参数指向 `database.pool.maxIdleConns` / `pingTimeout`。框架只公开已定义的安全原因，第三方/项目普通 error 仍显示 validation failed 并保留 errors.Is/As 原因链；业务使用 Invalid/AtField 提供公开原因。不要解析错误字符串；使用 `*config.Error` 字段。未提供字段的位置可能不可用，字段与原因仍保留。
+
+生成项目现有 Load 和 `-check-config` 自动获得这些诊断。日志可在 `server.log.timeZone` 配置 IANA 名称，见 [实例时区](logx/README.md#实例时区)。
+
 ## 可选解析器与测试来源

 内置格式无需项目手写加载器。需要额外格式时在已有 NewLoader 注册 Decoder，后续仍自动经过同一引用/绑定/校验流程：
@@ -175,3 +189,11 @@ Decoder 返回 Document（map/string/bool/json.Number/nil/[]any，XML 类标量
 5. 升级匹配的 CLI 与框架，执行 generate、generate --check、go test、go build 和 `-check-config`，再使用真实部署配置启动。

 低层 `DecodeFile(path, defaults[, loader])` 也解析显式引用，但不调用 Validate；默认值和原始 Document 都不会因失败而被部分修改。日志 Reloader 仍只允许 log.level 变化，其他静态字段变更要求重启。
+
+## 国际化配置
+
+通用国际化的 `i18n.Config` 可作为项目配置的字段显式加载并调用 Validate。正文词典使用 `i18n.LoadFS` / `DecodeJSON`，不经过环境引用展开。构建 Bundle 后通过 `WithLanguagePolicy` / `WithErrorLocalizer` 装配借用的只读实例；没有隐式环境变量或全局当前语言。见 [国际化指南](i18n/README.md) 和 [完整示例](examples/i18n/README.md)。
+
+## 跨域配置
+
+生成项目的 `server.cors` 由本加载流程直接绑定、校验并交给 App，不需要修改生成入口。支持固定来源数组或元素内显式环境引用；非法来源定位具体数组元素。默认关闭，完整配置与行为见 [CORS 指南](cors/README.md)。
--- a/COPY.md
+++ b/COPY.md
@@ -28,6 +28,31 @@ if err := copyx.Copy(&input, req); err != nil { return err }

 新字段：普通接口只改 `.api` 和使用该字段的 Logic。独立 DTO/业务类型都需要此字段时，两边各声明一次；同名同类型不增加拷贝配置。检查在运行时发生，实际类型对必须有测试，不能把运行时工具当作旧生成器的编译期字段覆盖检查。

+## 类型预检
+
+v0.23 新增可选预检，无需填写映射文件或构造测试值：
+
+```go
+// 参数方向是源 → 目标；与 Copy 使用同一组选项。
+if err := copyx.Check[Request, BusinessInput](options...); err != nil {
+    return err
+}
+// 复用已有 Copier：传结果类型，不添加 Copy 所需的额外输出指针。
+err := copier.Check(reflect.TypeFor[Request](), reflect.TypeFor[BusinessInput]())
+```
+
+适合 CI 测试或初始化检查；这是程序执行的类型检查，不是 Go 编译器自动证明。递归检查切片/数组元素、map 键值、指针、嵌套字段、改名、忽略和严格覆盖；用已访问类型对处理递归结构。不执行 converter，也不调用构造器，不读取实例值。错误路径如 `$.Rows[].Value: copyx: incompatible types: string -> int`。
+
+Check 复用 Copy 的规则，包括浅拷贝对同类型容器的直接赋值：这种情况下内部 converter 不会自动逐项执行。需要处理内部字段时选择深拷贝或容器 converter。
+
+- 未知具体值的源 interface 需要运行时验证；无法静态判定时返回 `ErrDynamicType`。项目可给该接口类型对提供精确 converter 并承担内容验证。
+- 已注册 converter 的签名被接受，但函数不在 Check 中执行；其返回错误、panic、金额规则不能靠预检证明。
+- nil 到非可空目标、map 键转换碰撞、深拷贝结果是否残留源引用继续在 Copy 时检查。Check 成功不会关闭这些保护。
+- 实际 Copy 也修正了空集合的检查缺口：确定的嵌套类型不匹配不再因为切片/map 为空或数组长度为 0 而通过。需要这些转换时提供显式 converter；目标仍只在整体成功后更新。
+- 不引入全局配置、映射语言或业务类型；Copier.Check 可并发调用，不共享每次检查的遍历状态。
+
+示例：[developerTools](examples/developerTools/README.md)。普通同名同类型字段不需要额外配置。
+
 ## 深拷贝与构造器

 ```go
--- a/DEVELOPMENT.md
+++ b/DEVELOPMENT.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# 通用业务开发指南（v0.22.0-preview）
+# 通用业务开发指南（v0.27.0-preview）

 从 [README](README.md) 创建服务后，业务主要维护 `.api`、配置、`svc.Init`、Logic、Repository 和项目中间件。本页说明通用接入能力；字段、错误码、权限、表结构和事务边界都由项目定义。

@@ -199,6 +199,31 @@ go-omni workspace check --file omni.workspace.json

 各服务保持独立 module；可显式填写各服务的 `api`（相对服务目录）和 `module`。所有服务预检通过后再写；每个服务独立提交文件事务，不承诺跨项目的崩溃原子性。check 汇总格式与生成漂移；业务编译/测试仍在各 module 执行。

+### 混合 API 与通用工程
+
+v0.28.1-preview 起，workspace 支持在同一份清单中管理 API、通用工程，也支持仅包含通用工程的工作区：
+
+```json
+{
+  "services": [
+    { "dir": "apps/interface", "kind": "api" },
+    { "dir": "apps/program", "kind": "project" }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+`kind` 可省略：根据 `.goOmni/apiManifest.json` 或 `.goOmni/projectManifest.json` 识别。没有清单时，沿用旧 API 解释，需显式提供 api 入口才能首次生成。两种清单同时存在、显式 kind 与已有清单冲突、未知 kind 均报错。project 类型不能填写 api；可选 module 用来核对工程身份，不会重写 go.mod。
+
+| 命令 | API 工程 | 通用工程 |
+| --- | --- | --- |
+| workspace generate | API 生成器 | project 生成器 |
+| workspace check | 契约格式检查 + API 生成漂移检查 | project 生成漂移检查 |
+| workspace format | 格式化 API 契约 | 显示 SKIP，不修改 Go 文件 |
+
+检查会继续处理独立工程并汇总错误，任一失败返回非零。生成/格式化先预检全部目标；预检失败时输出 FAIL 与其他工程的 SKIP，不写任何生成结果。清单语法、目录越界/重叠或共享目录提供方失败属于工作区级错误，会直接中止。已有文件保护与路径规则保持，事务仍以单个工程为单位。
+
+workspace 不创建或修改 go.work、go.mod、go.sum，不替代 Go 编译和业务测试。它只调用生成器；显式 errorCatalogs 导出仍按下节约定执行 Go 提供方，配置类型不会额外启动服务。完整 [混合工程与 go.work 示例](examples/mixedWorkspace/README.md)。
+
 ### 同一份 Go 错误目录供多个服务生成

 在 workspace 清单显式声明提供目录的 Go 包和函数：
--- a/MODULES.md
+++ b/MODULES.md
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ app.GET("/metrics", measurements.Handler())
 // 也可以直接读取 measurements.Snapshot()。
 ```

-记录请求数、失败数、处理中数量、累计耗时与 HTTP 状态分布；返回的是 JSON 快照，并非 Prometheus 文本格式。指标接口是否暴露以及访问权限由项目配置。需要 HTTP/SQL/Redis spans 和标准 OTel exporter 时，使用 [telemetry 示例](examples/platform/main.go)。CORS 由项目中间件或代理配置，当前没有内置 CORS 模块。
+记录请求数、失败数、处理中数量、累计耗时与 HTTP 状态分布；返回的是 JSON 快照，并非 Prometheus 文本格式。指标接口是否暴露以及访问权限由项目配置。需要 HTTP/SQL/Redis spans 和标准 OTel exporter 时，使用 [telemetry 示例](examples/platform/main.go)。需要跨域时配置 `server.cors`，由框架在路由与鉴权前处理预检；默认关闭。已有代理 CORS 可继续使用，避免两处重复设置。见 [CORS 配置与示例](cors/README.md)。

 ## 缓存：cache 与 cache/redis

--- a/PROGRAM.md
+++ b/PROGRAM.md
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+# 通用 Go 项目模板
+
+从 v0.28.0-preview 起，`project new/generate/check` 提供不绑定协议与业务的工程骨架。默认只有配置、日志、依赖装配、生命周期和普通 Go 运行入口；不生成 `.api`、HTTP Handler、Swagger、业务任务，也不监听端口、连接数据库或队列。不增加第三方依赖。
+
+## 创建与运行
+
+```sh
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.28.1-preview
+go-omni project new demo --module example.com/demo
+cd demo
+go mod tidy
+go run . -check-config
+go run .                 # 默认等待 SIGINT / SIGTERM
+go build -o program .
+```
+
+目标目录必须为空；未指定 module 时使用目录名。远程安装的 CLI 将自己的固定版本写入 go.mod，无本地替换。当前通用模板要求框架 v0.28.0-preview 或更新版本。源码开发可显式 `--framework-dir /path/to/go-omni`，不会从当前工作目录隐式选择本地框架。`--framework-version` 可指定兼容版本。框架版本、依赖更新由项目修改 go.mod，重新生成不会代为升级依赖。
+
+常驻程序、一次性程序用同一份骨架：项目自己的 `Run` 决定何时完成。完整生成项目见 [examples/program](examples/program/README.md)，不需要外部服务。
+
+## 文件职责
+
+| 路径 | 维护方与职责 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `main.go` | 生成器：信号、启动、运行入口监督、退出状态与日志收尾 |
+| `internal/config/loadGen.go` | 生成器：统一配置加载 |
+| `internal/svc/runtimeGen.go` | 生成器：依赖初始化及失败收尾 |
+| `internal/config/config.go` | 项目：Config、Default、Validate；初始只含 log/lifecycle |
+| `internal/config/loader.go` | 项目：按需注册额外文件格式 |
+| `etc/config.yaml` | 项目：配置与显式环境引用 |
+| `internal/svc/serviceContext.go` | 项目：依赖字段、Init、资源与后台工作登记 |
+| `internal/run/run.go` | 项目：Run 的实际实现 |
+| `go.mod`、README、.gitignore、其他 Go 文件 | 项目：生成器不覆盖 |
+| `.goOmni/projectManifest.json` | 生成器：工程身份、模板版本、生成文件哈希；应提交 Git |
+
+配置遵守 [CONFIG.md](CONFIG.md)：默认值 → 文件显式 `${NAME}` / `${NAME:-fallback}` → 类型绑定 → 校验，没有隐式环境覆盖。JSON/YAML/XML 内置；`-config ""` 只用默认值。`-check-config` 不打开日志文件、不初始化依赖、不调用 Run。日志通过独立实例传给 svc，并注入 Context/WorkContext；不替换进程级默认日志实例。
+
+## 运行与退出
+
+```go
+func Run(ctx context.Context, deps *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+    // 一次性程序可完成处理后直接 return nil。
+    // 常驻程序收到 ctx.Done() 后停止自己的主流程。
+    <-ctx.Done()
+    return nil
+}
+```
+
+`nil` 表示正常完成，返回 error 表示运行失败。后台组件用 `RequestShutdown(err)` 报告致命故障，`RequestShutdown(nil)` 请求正常停止。框架不替项目重试、重新调度或重启任务。
+
+依赖在 `svc.Init` 中装配：创建后立即用 `OnClose` 登记清理，后台组件同时登记同名 `OnStop` 和 `OnDrain`。所有登记应在 Init 返回前完成；Run 不得并发追加生命周期登记。组件何时接收工作由项目决定，停止后不得重新开始领取或启动未登记的工作。
+
+- `Context()` 是提前停止通知，用来停止主流程或接收新工作。
+- `WorkContext()` 在正常排空期间仍有效，用于已接受的工作。
+- `OnStop` 停止接收新工作，不关闭处理中的工作仍依赖的资源。
+- `OnDrain` 返回 nil，必须意味着组件处理、确认和 defer 收尾均已结束。仅返回 `ctx.Err()` 不能证明结束。
+- 全部停止钩子先于全部排空钩子；同阶段并行。有先后依赖的组件在一个钩子内显式排序。
+- 全部工作确认结束后，资源按 `OnClose` 登记的反序释放，最后关闭入口拥有的日志。
+
+生成入口自动监督 Run 本身，以 `go-omni/project/run` 保留名称登记完成屏障。收到信号、Run 返回或报告故障后开始收尾，同时等待 Run 及其他已登记工作。Run 不应等待资源关闭：资源关闭发生在 Run 完成之后。
+
+初始化失败同样收尾已创建的资源和已启动的工作。Init/Run 内 panic 被转为失败，安全收尾后进程以非零状态退出；任意自建 goroutine 的 panic 仍由项目负责处理。Run 不响应取消或其他工作无法确认结束时，`lifecycle.stopTimeout/drainTimeout/cancelTimeout` 限定等待窗口，返回 `ErrResourcesRetained`，跳过共享资源和日志关闭，以失败状态退出。取消后的工作不能被 Go 强制终止，保留资源不代表工作已经完成。SIGKILL 和进程崩溃不会执行退出钩子。
+
+详见 [生命周期契约](lifecycle/README.md)。现成组件必须按其真实停止/完成语义适配，不能把某个 `Run/Close` 返回直接视为业务结束。
+
+## 生成检查与兼容
+
+```sh
+go-omni project generate --dry-run
+go-omni project generate
+go-omni project check              # 等价于 project generate --check
+go test ./...
+```
+
+生成器不执行项目 Go 代码、不下载依赖。check/预览只读，不创建锁文件；生成时使用独立项目锁、路径和哈希预检。生成文件被手工修改会报冲突，不提供强制覆盖。删除的生成文件可补回；缺失的项目所有文件必须显式恢复，避免把删除的业务文件当成空白骨架重建。
+
+每个文件通过原子替换写入，普通写入失败回滚此前变更；整个目录不具备崩溃事务性。生成期间不要同时手工编辑。发现遗留 project.lock 时，先确认没有生成进程再手工移除。
+
+check 检查模板漂移和必要文件，不检查业务正确性，也不能替代 Go 编译与测试。新的模板版本会重新生成受管文件；不自动合并项目所有文件或更新 go.mod。未知的新清单版本会要求使用兼容 CLI。
+
+原有 `new` / `api new` 及 API 工程行为保留。通用工程使用自己的清单和命令，不能交给 `api generate` 或 `add` 转换；新增业务包直接写普通 Go。从 v0.28.1-preview 起，`workspace generate/check` 可以同时处理 API 与通用工程。清单可填写 `kind: api | project`，省略时按生成清单识别；format 对通用工程显示 SKIP。见 [完整混合示例](examples/mixedWorkspace/README.md)。各 module 仍独立，workspace 命令不维护 go.work 或模块依赖。
--- a/PROJECT.md
+++ b/PROJECT.md
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-# 生成项目与文件维护边界
+# API 生成项目与文件维护边界

-v0.22.0-preview 提供受管理的生成项目。安装同版远程 CLI，生成的项目直接引用该版本，无需本地 replace。根目录入口支持 `go run .` 和 `go build .`；框架本身仍然是可直接引用的库。安装和私有仓库访问见 [README](README.md#准备环境与安装)。
+通用 Go 工程使用独立的 `project new/generate/check`，见 [PROGRAM.md](PROGRAM.md)。本文说明 API 契约工程。
+
+v0.28.0-preview 提供受管理的生成项目。安装同版远程 CLI，生成的项目直接引用该版本，无需本地 replace。根目录入口支持 `go run .` 和 `go build .`；框架本身仍然是可直接引用的库。安装和私有仓库访问见 [README](README.md#准备环境与安装)。

 ## 创建和日常开发

@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ func (c *ServiceContext) AppOptions() []omni.Option {

 最终配置校验包含自定义响应编码器与错误目录的组合。码类型/映射冲突、编码器已绑定另一份目录等问题在创建 App 前返回错误，进入入口的清理流程，不等到构造 App 时才 panic。

-日志在 AppOptions 前初始化，其配置应放在 Config 中。退出信号先触发 HTTP 排空；达到 shutdownTimeout 后按框架规则强制关闭连接。请求仍依赖的后台任务/客户端不能直接绑定信号 context 提前关闭，应持有独立生命周期，使用 WorkContext 并登记成对的 OnStop/OnDrain，详见 [分阶段关闭](lifecycle/README.md#后台组件分阶段关闭)。业务必须响应请求 context 取消；忽略取消的 goroutine 无法保证在超时前结束。
+日志在 AppOptions 前初始化，其配置应放在 Config 中。退出信号先触发 HTTP 排空；达到 shutdownTimeout 后取消请求并关闭连接，再按 `http.shutdownCancelTimeout` 等待处理函数收尾。仍未结束时保留依赖并返回 `ErrResourcesRetained`，不会提前关闭数据库。请求仍依赖的后台任务/客户端不能直接绑定信号 context 提前关闭，应持有独立生命周期，使用 WorkContext 并登记成对的 OnStop/OnDrain，详见 [分阶段关闭](lifecycle/README.md#后台组件分阶段关闭)。业务必须响应请求 context 取消；忽略取消的 goroutine 无法保证在超时前结束。

 ## 依赖主动申请退出

@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ func (c *ServiceContext) AppOptions() []omni.Option {
 c.RequestShutdown(err)
 ```

-这只是通知，立即返回，不等待 HTTP 排空，也不直接关闭数据库。生成入口停止接收新请求，等待在途请求完成；超过 `shutdownTimeout` 后取消请求并关闭连接，再执行 svc.Close，最后关闭日志。非空故障原因保留在返回错误链中，进程退出码为 1；`RequestShutdown(nil)` 或正常 SIGINT/SIGTERM 在没有其他故障时退出码为 0。
+这只是通知，立即返回，不等待 HTTP 排空，也不直接关闭数据库。生成入口停止接收新请求，等待在途请求完成；超过 `shutdownTimeout` 后取消请求并关闭连接，再等待 HTTP 取消收尾窗口。通过 `svc.Finish(runErr)` 执行后台停机；确认工作结束才关闭依赖与日志，无法确认时保留资源并非零退出。非空故障原因保留在返回错误链中，进程退出码为 1；`RequestShutdown(nil)` 或正常 SIGINT/SIGTERM 在没有其他故障时退出码为 0。

 多个依赖可并发通知，关闭流程仅执行一次，首个非空故障原因保留。正常信号已开始排空时收到的故障也不会被清理动作覆盖。初始化期间的通知同样有效，不依赖 HTTP 监听已经启动。后台监控任务应通过 OnStop/OnDrain 停止并等待，再进入资源清理；关闭完成以后才报告的故障无法参与已经结束的进程结果。

@@ -215,7 +217,7 @@ get /download (DownloadReq)

 ## 已有服务接入步骤

-每个独立服务生成一个项目，module 名称、上层目录和共享业务包由项目选择。接入时固定 CLI 与框架版本为 v0.22.0-preview：
+每个独立服务生成一个项目，module 名称、上层目录和共享业务包由项目选择。接入时固定 CLI 与框架版本为 v0.28.0-preview：

 1. 先保留旧服务，整理实际路由及现有响应、鉴权和超时要求。在新目录执行 `go-omni new --api /path/to/service.api --module example.com/service ./service`；不对旧入口强制覆盖。
 2. 在 `.api` 中选择 `@app(defaultResponse: ...)`，显式保留原项目的字段、成功码、错误码和 `dataMode`。需要独立回执的路由单独声明 raw/produces。普通路由、404/405 和提前返回的中间件一起验收。
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,8 +1,22 @@
 # GoOmni

-GoOmni 是面向多个业务项目复用的 Go 后端框架：用 `.api` 定义接口、请求和返回类型，生成项目目录、HTTP 接入代码及 OpenAPI，业务代码负责 Logic 和 Repository。也可以在已有项目中直接使用 `omni.New()`，或单独引入日志、存储等模块。
+GoOmni 是面向多个项目复用的 Go 基础框架。通用工程使用 `project new` 生成配置、日志、依赖装配、生命周期和普通 Go 运行入口；需要 HTTP 接口时可选择 `.api` 工程生成，也可以在已有项目中按需引入独立模块。运行方式、业务类型和外部依赖由项目决定。

-**从这份 README 开始接入。** 当前版本 **`v0.22.0-preview`**，新生成项目采用根目录入口和 `config / svc / logic / handler`。可以固定版本开展业务接入；文件维护边界和已有服务迁移步骤见 [项目指南](PROJECT.md)，版本变化与验收见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。
+**v0.28.1 改动**：`workspace generate/check` 支持 API 与通用工程混合处理，可选 `kind: api | project`，省略时按生成清单识别。`format` 对通用工程显示跳过；检查只读，生成前统一预检。见 [混合工作区示例](examples/mixedWorkspace/README.md)。
+
+**v0.28 改动**：新增独立的 `project new/generate/check`，默认无 API、监听端口、业务任务或外部服务配置；保护手写代码，并等待主运行入口和登记的后台工作结束后释放依赖。见 [通用工程指南](PROGRAM.md)和[可运行示例](examples/program/README.md)。
+
+**v0.27 改动**：统一三种内置服务实现的默认/路由/硬请求体限额，配置冲突在启动前报错；停机以处理函数实际退出为资源清理前提，超时仍有请求时保留共享依赖。见 [HTTP 策略](transport/README.md#统一请求体限额)、[停机规则](lifecycle/README.md#http-请求与依赖的关闭屏障)和[可运行示例](examples/httpSafety/README.md)。
+
+**v0.26 改动**：通用 [i18n](i18n/README.md)，提供独立词典、语言匹配、回退、命名参数/条件/复数、可选 HTTP 与错误适配、检查/导出 CLI 及前端运行时。文案由项目维护；[完整示例](examples/i18n/README.md)可直接运行。CLI 与框架使用同版 v0.28.1-preview。同时修复 Go 1.22 下请求体限额错误的识别。
+
+**从这份 README 开始接入。** 当前版本 **`v0.28.1-preview`**，通用工程采用根目录入口和 `config / svc / run`；API 工程使用 `config / svc / logic / handler`。可以固定版本开展业务接入；文件维护边界和已有服务迁移步骤见 [项目指南](PROJECT.md)，版本变化与验收见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。
+
+**v0.25 改动**：`database.InTx` 返回可识别的事务阶段与结果，保留业务/驱动及回滚错误链；提交报错保守标记为结果不确定，不等同于已回滚。[使用规则](database/README.md#事务阶段与结果)、[可运行故障示例](examples/transactions/README.md)。
+
+**v0.24 改动**：新增可选 CORS，生成项目通过 `server.cors` 自动接入，支持预检、错误响应和明确的来源白名单；默认关闭。[配置与规则](cors/README.md)、[可运行示例](examples/cors/README.md)。
+
+**v0.23 改动**：配置校验定位具体字段和安全原因；`httpc.JSON` 可选限制成功状态；`copyx.Check` 无需样本预检类型；`logx` 支持实例独立时区。[四项完整示例](examples/developerTools/README.md)。

 **v0.19 改动**：新增可选 `copyx` 工具，用普通 Go 调用完成浅拷贝、深拷贝和显式类型转换；深拷贝会拒绝自定义转换中残留的源对象可变引用。**移除了 `mappings` / `mappingFiles` 和映射代码生成**，已有使用者须按 [迁移步骤](COPY.md#从旧-mapping-迁移) 调整，不能直接删除仍在调用的旧文件。

@@ -28,32 +42,72 @@ Go **1.22+**。框架不依赖 Gin，默认使用标准库网络层，提供可
 | --- | --- | --- |
 | 项目、接口与文档生成 | `go-omni new`；改 `.api` 后 `api generate`；`--check` 检查漂移 | [下方快速开始](#新项目生成并运行)、[CLI](cmd/go-omni/README.md)、[完整生成项目](examples/managedService/README.md) |
 | 公共字段与跨服务共享契约 | `.api` 组合对象字段；`omni.imports.json` 声明共享根；workspace 批量生成 | [公共字段示例](GENERATION.md#公共字段组合)、[共享契约与 workspace](DEVELOPMENT.md) |
+| 混合工程工作区 | `workspace generate/check` 按清单分发 API/project；format 仅处理 API | [可运行示例](examples/mixedWorkspace/README.md)、[工作区说明](DEVELOPMENT.md#混合-api-与通用工程) |
+| 通用 Go 工程 | `go-omni project new/generate/check`；配置、日志、依赖、运行与退出 | [通用工程指南](PROGRAM.md)、[完整可运行示例](examples/program/README.md) |
 | 中间件依赖工厂、可选 Repository | `omni.gen.json` 选择 factories / none；在 `New<Name>(deps)` 写一次实现 | [配置与完整工厂示例](GENERATION.md) |
 | 路由、分组、请求上下文 | `omni.New()`、`app.GET` / `Group` / `Use`；业务使用 `context.Context` | [基本服务](examples/basic/main.go)、[已有项目接入](#已有项目按模块接入) |
 | HTTP 网络与扩展适配 | 配置 transport 为 nethttp / native / http2；自定义 Router/Runner | [网络层配置与契约](transport/README.md)、[性能与限制](PERFORMANCE.md) |
+| 浏览器跨域 CORS | `server.cors` / `omni.WithCORS`；独立 HTTP 用 `cors.New(...).Wrap(handler)` | [配置、默认值与协议边界](cors/README.md)、[鉴权与预检示例](examples/cors/README.md) |
 | HTTP 老接口桥接 | 通过官方 Handler/Middleware 适配器接入标准 `net/http`，跟踪实际响应状态 | [接入说明](MIGRATION.md)、[桥接/上传/自定义 ID 示例](examples/compatibility/main.go) |
 | 请求校验、动态 JSON、自定义标量 | `.api` 声明来源/校验/scalar；手写契约用 `contract.New[T]`；简单绑定可用 `validate.JSON/Query/URI` | [语法与例子](API.md)、[请求策略](DEVELOPMENT.md) |
 | 数组、null、原始请求、上传下载 | `.api` 声明数组/可空返回、body/multipart 与大小限制；必要时使用 Bind/Manual 扩展 | [契约示例](examples/contracts)、[含上传/回调/下载的项目](examples/managedService/README.md) |
 | 公共响应与特殊协议 | `.api` 定义 response 并 `@app(defaultResponse: ...)`；Go 用 `WithResponse` / Encoder | [响应配置](RESPONSE.md)、[响应模板契约](examples/contracts/responses.api) |
 | 错误目录与动态提示 | `WithErrors(catalog)` 注册一次；`ByCode(...).WithParams(...).WithCause(err)` | [错误目录](errors/README.md)、[模板参数示例](examples/contracts/errorParams.api) |
+| 通用国际化 | `i18n.New/Render`；可选 `WithLanguagePolicy/WithErrorLocalizer`；`go-omni i18n check/export/types/extract` | [资源格式与边界](i18n/README.md)、[CLI/HTTP/前端示例](examples/i18n/README.md)、[生成契约](examples/contracts/i18n.api) |
 | OpenAPI 与错误公共引用 | `.api` 自动生成；手写接口可使用 `openapi` 注册器；Go 错误目录显式导出 | [契约工具](DEVELOPMENT.md)、[注册示例](examples/platform/main.go) |
-| 结构化业务日志 | `logx.Info/Error`、`logx.FromContext(ctx)`、`logx.New`；支持轮转、脱敏、慢请求和级别更新 | [下方日志示例](#日志)、[完整配置](logx/README.md) |
+| 结构化业务日志 | `logx.Info/Error`、`logx.FromContext(ctx)`、`logx.New`；支持独立时区、轮转、脱敏、慢请求和级别更新 | [下方日志示例](#日志)、[完整配置](logx/README.md) |
 | 文件配置与环境引用 | Default()→JSON/YAML/XML 字段引用→类型绑定→校验；无隐式覆盖，支持 `-check-config` | [统一配置指南](CONFIG.md)、[完整可运行示例](examples/configuration/README.md)、[动态级别](ADVANCED.md#配置与日志热更新) |
 | 生命周期与健康检查 | svc 登记 OnClose/OnStop/OnDrain，RequestShutdown 通知故障；健康路径/开关可配 | [生命周期用法](lifecycle/README.md)、[健康检查](health/README.md)、[生成项目扩展](PROJECT.md) |
-| 数据库、连接池与事务 | `database.Open` / `OpenConnector`；事务与检查由项目显式调用 | [通用数据库](database/README.md)、[MySQL TLS/Logger](database/mysql/README.md) |
+| 数据库、连接池与事务 | `database.Open` / `OpenConnector`；`InTx` 的 `TxError` 提供阶段、已知结果与原因链 | [通用数据库](database/README.md)、[事务失败示例](examples/transactions/README.md)、[MySQL TLS/Logger](database/mysql/README.md) |
 | 可选 GORM 与迁移 | gormx 复用已有连接池；`go-omni migrate` 预览，显式 apply | [GORM 示例](database/gormx/README.md)、[迁移用法](ADVANCED.md#迁移审计与分页) |
 | 认证与权限接口 | 注入 Authenticator / Policy；JWT 或 Session 只是可选实现 | [认证说明](auth/README.md)、[鉴权完整例子](examples/platform/README.md) |
 | 缓存 | `cache.NewMemory` 或 Redis 实现；业务面向 Store 的 Get/Set/Delete | [缓存配置/代码](MODULES.md)、[可运行模块服务](examples/modules/README.md) |
-| 出站 HTTP、熔断 | `httpc.New` 配置代理、连接池和阶段超时；JSON 支持单次请求头/限额；`resilience.New` 隔离故障 | [HTTP 完整用法](httpc/README.md)、[可运行示例](examples/httpClient/README.md)、[熔断/观测](ADVANCED.md#熔断与观测) |
+| 出站 HTTP、熔断 | `httpc.New` 配置代理、连接池和阶段超时；JSON 支持单次成功状态限制/请求头/限额；`resilience.New` 隔离故障 | [HTTP 完整用法](httpc/README.md)、[可运行示例](examples/httpClient/README.md)、[熔断/观测](ADVANCED.md#熔断与观测) |
 | 请求追踪、访问日志、恢复、限流、幂等、超时 | `app.Use(...)` 按需组合 middleware；跨副本选择 Redis 实现 | [模块说明与限制](MODULES.md#请求追踪与基础指标)、[分布式实现](ADVANCED.md#分布式限流与幂等) |
 | 本地后台任务与调度 | `task.New`、Submit、Every；有界队列、排空关闭 | [task 示例与生命周期](MODULES.md#后台执行task) |
 | 持久队列 | 业务使用 Publisher / Consumer；Redis Streams 提供至少一次交付 | [队列初始化/消费示例](ADVANCED.md#可靠队列) |
 | 文件存储、直传、云端分片 | Store 的 Put/Get/Delete；Local、S3/R2、OSS 按配置装配；扩展接口提供分片续传 | [存储接口与完整例子](storage/README.md)、[本地存储服务](examples/platform/README.md) |
 | 日志关联、指标与链路 | `metrics.New().Middleware()`；telemetry 注入 OTel exporter/reader | [基础指标](MODULES.md#请求追踪与基础指标)、[OTel 用法](ADVANCED.md#熔断与观测)、[完整接入](examples/platform/main.go) |
 | 审计与分页 | `audit.New` 注入 Sink/白名单；`pagination.Parse` / `NewResult` | [解释与调用例子](ADVANCED.md#迁移审计与分页) |
-| 可选结构转换与深拷贝 | `copyx.Copy` / `Clone` / `New`；Go converter 处理差异 | [下方示例](#可选结构转换与深拷贝)、[完整 copyx 指南](COPY.md)、[可运行代码](examples/copying) |
+| 可选结构转换与深拷贝 | `copyx.Copy` / `Clone` / `New`；`Check[S,T]` 预检类型，Go converter 处理差异 | [下方示例](#可选结构转换与深拷贝)、[完整 copyx 指南](COPY.md)、[可运行代码](examples/copying) |
 | 自定义适配器验收 | `transporttest.Run`、`storagetest.Run` / `RunUploads` 验证扩展契约 | [网络契约测试入口](transport/transporttest/router.go)、[存储契约测试入口](storage/storagetest/contract.go) |

+## 通用工程快速开始
+
+```sh
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.28.1-preview
+go-omni project new demo --module example.com/demo
+cd demo
+go mod tidy
+go run . -check-config
+go run .
+# Ctrl+C / SIGTERM 退出；项目自己的 Run 也可以完成后直接返回。
+go-omni project check
+go test ./...
+```
+
+项目只修改配置、svc 依赖初始化和 Run；默认没有 HTTP 端口、数据库、队列或自动重试。`main.go`、加载和装配代码由生成器维护；手改受管文件会报冲突，手写文件保持。完整维护边界、异常退出和超时行为见 [PROGRAM.md](PROGRAM.md)。
+
+## 浏览器跨域 CORS
+
+同源部署保持默认关闭；需要跨域时，在生成项目的配置文件中加入：
+
+```yaml
+server:
+  cors:
+    enabled: true
+    allowedOrigins: [https://admin.example.com, https://merchant.example.com]
+    allowedMethods: [GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE]
+    allowedHeaders: [Authorization, Content-Type]
+    exposedHeaders: [Content-Disposition, X-Request-ID]
+    allowCredentials: false
+    maxAge: 10m
+```
+
+不需要修改 main、Logic 或 `.api`。框架在鉴权前处理合法预检；实际请求仍鉴权，401/404/405/500 保持项目响应格式并附带允许来源的跨域头。没有 Origin 的服务端回调正常处理。配置只决定浏览器读取权限，不替代登录、验签或 CSRF 防护。
+
+手写项目用 `omni.WithCORS(omni.CORSConfig{...})`，独立 HTTP 服务用 `cors.New(...).Wrap(handler)`；代理已经处理 CORS 时保持关闭。完整 [默认值与边界](cors/README.md)、[可运行示例](examples/cors/README.md)。
+
 ## 带认证的出站 HTTP

 HTTP Client 在 svc 初始化一次，业务重复使用。普通内部请求可直接选择直连和连接参数，无需手写 Transport：
@@ -126,7 +180,7 @@ module 地址是 `git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni`。先确保本机 Go 和 Git 可

 ```sh
 export GOPRIVATE="$(go env GOPRIVATE),git.yuntuo.hk"
-go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.22.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.28.1-preview
 export PATH="$(go env GOPATH)/bin:$PATH"
 go-omni --help
 ```
@@ -283,7 +337,7 @@ go-omni new --api catalog.api \
 在业务项目的 **go.mod 所在目录**执行：

 ```sh
-go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.22.0-preview
+go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.28.1-preview
 ```

 已有项目可直接复用现有目录、Service、Repository 和数据库连接，先选择一个接口接入。也可以只用 `logx`、`storage` 等包，暂时保留原来的 HTTP 框架。希望入口和 HTTP 接入都交给生成器的项目，按 [已有服务接入步骤](PROJECT.md#已有服务接入步骤) 在新目录生成后迁入业务代码。
@@ -509,6 +563,28 @@ if err := copier.Copy(&view, input); err != nil { return err }

 自定义函数的源/目标类型由 Go 泛型确定。深拷贝时返回原指针、原 map、子切片或嵌套旧引用都会报错；字符串/整数原值可以返回。差异规则、nil 策略、字段覆盖、资源限制和原 mapping 移除步骤见 [copyx 指南](COPY.md)，完整类型及可运行代码见 [examples/copying](examples/copying/main.go)。工具使用运行时检查，类型对需测试；深拷贝不适用于连接、锁等资源。

+### 减少接入代码：四个常用入口
+
+```yaml
+server:
+  log:
+    timeZone: Asia/Shanghai
+```
+
+时区由 Logger 实例管理，不修改全局 `time.Local`。非法日志级别、数据库端口/连接池等配置会指出 `server.log.level`、`database.port` 等字段和原因，不打印输入值。详见 [配置诊断](CONFIG.md#框架模块的字段诊断)、[日志时区](logx/README.md#实例时区)。
+
+```go
+// 本次请求只接受 HTTP 200；默认仍接受所有 2xx。
+err := client.JSON(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil, &result,
+    httpc.WithSuccessStatuses(http.StatusOK),
+)
+
+// CI/启动时检查类型，无需构造样本；仍使用 Copy 的同一组 Option。
+err = copyx.Check[Request, BusinessInput](options...)
+```
+
+状态不符合要求返回 `*httpc.StatusError`，不会写入 result，响应体仍由框架关闭。Check 不执行 converter；动态 interface、具体 nil/转换失败和深拷贝引用检查有明确边界，见 [类型预检](COPY.md#类型预检)。完整可运行代码见 [developerTools](examples/developerTools/README.md)。
+
 ### 数据库、存储及其他模块

 生成项目在 `internal/svc` 中创建依赖，提供给 Logic/Repository，并用 `c.OnClose(db.Close)` 登记自有资源。生成的 main 在 HTTP 排空后关闭 svc，再关闭日志。直接使用框架的手写项目则可以用 `app.OnShutdown(db.Close)`；不要对同一资源重复登记。
@@ -537,6 +613,9 @@ API 项目的数据库迁移需要单独维护并显式执行；启动不会自
 | `server.http.readHeaderTimeout/readTimeout` | 请求头 / 请求读取超时 |
 | `server.http.writeTimeout/idleTimeout` | 响应写入 / Keep-Alive 空闲超时 |
 | `server.http.maxHeaderBytes` | 请求头大小限制，字节数 |
+| `server.http.defaultMaxBodyBytes` | 普通 App 路由默认请求体上限，零默认 8 MiB；路由可覆盖 |
+| `server.http.maxBodyBytes` | 服务请求体硬上限，路由不得超过；零不添加低于框架 1 TiB 的硬上限 |
+| `server.http.shutdownCancelTimeout` | 请求取消后等待处理函数收尾，零默认 5s；未结束则保留资源 |
 | `server.shutdownTimeout` | 优雅退出等待时间，默认 10s |
 | `server.enableLogger` / `server.log.level` | 访问日志开关、日志级别 |
 | `server.trustedProxies` | 可信代理 IP/CIDR，文件数组 |
@@ -564,13 +643,15 @@ server:
    maxHeaderBytes: 1048576
 ```

-代码配置使用 `omni.WithHTTPConfig(omni.HTTPConfig{ReadTimeout: 30*time.Second, WriteTimeout: 30*time.Second})`。`Run`、`RunContext`、`ServeContext` 会应用它；`NewServer` 会配置返回的标准 `http.Server`，包含可选的 Go 字段 `ErrorLog`。**正值覆盖、零值保留所选网络层的原有默认行为、负值报错**；不配置时升级行为不变。超时含义与支持范围见 [HTTP 配置](transport/README.md#http-配置v091-preview)，不要把网络 I/O 超时当成业务执行时限。
+代码配置使用 `omni.WithHTTPConfig(omni.HTTPConfig{ReadTimeout: 30*time.Second, WriteTimeout: 30*time.Second})`。`Run`、`RunContext`、`ServeContext` 会应用它；`NewServer` 会配置返回的标准 `http.Server`，包含可选的 Go 字段 `ErrorLog`。**网络 I/O 参数正值覆盖、零值保留所选网络层的原有默认行为、负值报错**。请求体与取消收尾字段按上表解释；网络超时含义与支持范围见 [HTTP 配置](transport/README.md#http-配置v091-preview)，不要把网络 I/O 超时当成业务执行时限。
+
+外部宿主在注册完成后可用 `app.ValidateHTTP()` 预检配置与路由限额。上传路由使用 `app.HandleWithBodyLimit("POST", "/upload", 16<<20, nil, handler)` 或 `.api @request(maxBytes: 16777216)`；限额涵盖整个请求体。配置硬上限时至少允许该值；multipart 单文件、字段数以及幂等中间件缓存限制仍独立配置。新增普通路由默认 8 MiB；原 nethttp 手写大请求请显式设置默认值或路由上限，生成路由既有 `maxBytes`（默认 1 MiB）保持。

 自研网络层通过 `RunWith(ctx, runner)` 接入监听与连接生命周期，通过 `NewWithRouter(router)` 替换路由；业务 Handler/Service 不需要导入具体适配器。细节与验收契约见 [网络适配层](transport/README.md)。

 生成项目的依赖可调用 `svcCtx.RequestShutdown(err)` 主动申请退出，框架排空请求、清理依赖后保留故障原因并以非零状态退出。健康检查与 OpenAPI 的开关、路径通过 `server.endpoints` 配置，健康响应默认沿用项目公共体；未就绪保持 HTTP 503。完整配置和 v0.12 项目的升级步骤见 [项目指南](PROJECT.md#依赖主动申请退出)。

-`Run` 处理 SIGINT/SIGTERM；`RunContext` 接收调用方控制的退出信号。服务先停止接收新请求，等待活跃请求完成，再清理资源；超时会取消请求并关闭连接，业务代码仍需响应 context 取消。
+`Run` 处理 SIGINT/SIGTERM；`RunContext` 接收调用方控制的退出信号。先停止接收新请求并等待排空，超时取消请求、关闭连接，再等待 `http.shutdownCancelTimeout` 收尾窗口。只有处理函数和它的 defer 全部退出才清理资源；仍有请求时返回 `lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained`，跳过 App 清理钩子。生成入口通过 `deps.Finish(runErr)` 同步保留数据库等依赖及日志，非零退出。`App.Close`、`Engine`、`NewServer`、`RunWith` 共用这个完成屏障；业务自行启动的 goroutine、Hijack 后的工作需另行注册后台生命周期。

 ## 日常开发与升级

@@ -587,7 +668,7 @@ go test ./...

 `main.go`、`Gen.go`、`docs/openapi.json` 和 manifest 由生成器管理，手动修改会报告冲突。Logic、Repository、中间件实现、配置和依赖装配属于项目，重复生成保留手写内容。契约变化会提示受影响的 Logic 文件和 DTO 字段，明确的签名错误会给出原签名与期望签名；生成后 `--check` 仍能检出未修复的问题。将 `.api`、`omni.gen.json`、生成文件和 `.goOmni/apiManifest.json` 一起提交，CI 同时运行 `generate --check` 与 `go test ./...`。详见 [契约变更提示与检查边界](PROJECT.md#契约变更提示)。

-CLI 与业务 module 固定使用 `v0.22.0-preview`。v0.21 及更早项目先按 [配置迁移](CONFIG.md#v022-迁移旧模式已移除) 整理旧标签、文件与 Load，再升级依赖与 CLI 并重新生成，框架维护的 main/runtimeGen 自动更新；v0.13 及更早项目按 [升级预览](DEVELOPMENT.md#v013-项目升级) 处理，不直接覆盖手写入口或业务文件。使用过旧 mapping 的项目必须先完成 [移除迁移](COPY.md#从旧-mapping-迁移)，旧配置或旧生成文件会阻止生成。升级后执行生成检查与业务回归。版本变化、迁移边界和验收记录见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。
+CLI 与业务 module 固定使用 `v0.28.1-preview`。v0.21 及更早项目先按 [配置迁移](CONFIG.md#v022-迁移旧模式已移除) 整理旧标签、文件与 Load，再升级依赖与 CLI 并重新生成，框架维护的 main/runtimeGen 自动更新；v0.13 及更早项目按 [升级预览](DEVELOPMENT.md#v013-项目升级) 处理，不直接覆盖手写入口或业务文件。使用过旧 mapping 的项目必须先完成 [移除迁移](COPY.md#从旧-mapping-迁移)，旧配置或旧生成文件会阻止生成。升级后执行生成检查与业务回归。版本变化、迁移边界和验收记录见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。

 ## 按需深入

--- a/RELEASE.md
+++ b/RELEASE.md
@@ -1,4 +1,162 @@
-# v0.22.0-preview
+# v0.28.1-preview
+
+workspace generate/check 支持 API 与通用工程混合分发，也可处理纯通用工程工作区。services 新增可选 kind（api/project）；省略时按生成清单识别，保留无清单时显式 api 入口的原有用法。类型与清单冲突、歧义和不合法选项会报错，项目身份、路径与文件归属继续由各生成器校验。
+
+check 只读并汇总独立工程的失败；format 只处理 API 契约，对通用工程明确显示 SKIP。generate 预检所有工程后再写入，预检失败时不修改其他工程；不改变各模块依赖或 go.work，不增加业务逻辑和第三方依赖。模板与运行时接口未变，新 workspace 功能需要更新 CLI，旧生成工程可直接纳入。
+
+```sh
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.28.1-preview
+go-omni workspace generate
+go-omni workspace check
+```
+
+[混合工作区示例](examples/mixedWorkspace/README.md)、[清单规则](DEVELOPMENT.md#混合-api-与通用工程)、[验收记录](reports/workspaceAcceptance.md)。56 个测试包全量 race、5 个 CLI 包的 Go 1.22 回归、实际生成的多模块构建、vet/build 均通过。
+
+---
+
+# v0.28.0-preview
+
+新增通用 Go 工程生成命令 `project new/generate/check`。默认只有配置、日志、svc 依赖装配、生命周期与项目维护的 Run 入口，不生成 API、HTTP Handler、Swagger、业务任务或网络监听，也不自动连接数据库/队列或重试任务。常驻和一次性程序由普通 Go 代码决定。
+
+入口监督 Run 的真实完成并复用现有 Runtime：信号、正常结束、运行错误或初始化失败都会进入收尾；先停止接收工作、等待已登记工作及 Run 结束，再反序释放依赖并关闭日志。Run/Init panic 转为失败；超时仍有工作则传播 ErrResourcesRetained，保留共享资源及日志，以非零状态退出。组件登记在 svc.Init 完成，业务语义和调度方式由项目负责。
+
+配置遵守现有显式文件引用约定；支持 -check-config，在初始化日志和依赖前校验。生成器只管理 main/loadGen/runtimeGen，手写文件保留，生成文件被修改时拒绝覆盖；check/预览只读，独立 manifest/锁和共享文件事务保障生成。新模板要求框架 v0.28.0-preview；已有 new/api/workspace 行为保留，无强制迁移和新增第三方依赖。
+
+```sh
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.28.0-preview
+go-omni project new demo --module example.com/demo
+cd demo
+go mod tidy
+go run . -check-config
+go run .
+go-omni project check
+```
+
+完整 [通用工程指南](PROGRAM.md)、[可运行示例](examples/program/README.md)、[回归记录](reports/programAcceptance.md)。56 个测试包全量 race 与 Go 1.22 回归、生成消费者、vet/build 和真实进程退出验证通过。
+
+空缓存远程安装已完成：通用工程 30 项检查通过（26.45 秒），原有生成项目 98 项检查、10 组消费者通过（111.07 秒），均无本地 replace。见 [通用远程报告](reports/programRemote.json)、[原有能力远程报告](reports/programManagedRemote.json)。标签固定在 `0b6c0043b6c3b58648645aeee03bf80801e6aa3f`。
+
+---
+
+# v0.27.0-preview
+
+新增统一请求体策略与请求完成屏障，无业务字段、数据库依赖或新第三方包。`server.http.defaultMaxBodyBytes` 控制普通路由默认值（零为 8 MiB），`maxBodyBytes` 为不可由路由突破的服务硬上限（零仅保留 1 TiB 框架上界）。已有显式路由和生成契约限额保持，冲突会在启动前报错；旧 nethttp 手写大请求需显式设置路由或默认上限。multipart 单文件、中间件缓存及代理限额仍各自配置。
+
+HTTP 关闭连接后继续等待处理器实际退出，收尾窗口由 `server.http.shutdownCancelTimeout` 设置（零默认 5s）。超时仍有处理器运行时返回 `lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained`，App/Runtime/生成入口保留共享依赖和日志；不再将连接关闭当成业务完成。`Runtime.Finish(runErr)` 会传播该信号，手写入口必须处理它，避免无条件关闭额外资源。该行为适用于全部 App 服务入口；HTTP/2 低层 Shutdown 同时等待独立处理器。
+
+详见 [请求体策略](transport/README.md#统一请求体限额)、[停机规则](lifecycle/README.md#http-请求与依赖的关闭屏障)、[运行示例](examples/httpSafety/README.md)。CLI 与框架固定使用同版 v0.27.0-preview；模板最低兼容版本仍为 v0.22，HTTP 安全改进需要升级运行时。
+
+```sh
+go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.27.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.27.0-preview
+go-omni api generate --check
+go test ./...
+```
+
+54 个测试包全量 race、Go 1.22 兼容检查、生成项目集成测试、vet/build 及真实进程关闭检查通过，见 [验收记录](reports/httpSafetyAcceptance.md)。
+
+空模块缓存安装远程固定版本后，10 组生成消费者和 98 项发布检查通过，耗时 107.57 秒，无本地 replace；覆盖上传限额、取消收尾、HTTP/2 断连、生成项目依赖与日志保留。标签固定在 `3b00bb55d189cbe480c7d15c8d14bcd09d3f2d52`，见 [远程验收记录](reports/httpSafetyRemote.json)。
+
+---
+
+# v0.26.0-preview
+
+新增可独立使用的 i18n 底层模块及可选 HTTP/错误适配。项目维护文案和语言设置，框架提供不可变词典、语言匹配、回退、参数与分支、检查和导出；没有绑定业务身份、页面框架、数据库或响应字段名。
+
+前后端共享版本化消息资源和固定 Unicode CLDR 46.1 基数复数规则。CLI 只读输入，支持源目录提取、缺译/参数/动态引用检查、按命名空间导出语言包和 TypeScript 类型。可选浏览器模块先加载并验证再切换，失败保留当前语言，旧请求不能覆盖新选择。
+
+错误目录新增可选 `translation` 引用。内置响应使用展示译文，原目录文案继续参与契约校验；自定义 Encoder 通过 `PublicMessage()` 显式采用译文。业务码、HTTP 状态、成功/失败语义、cause、直接协议输出和幂等首次快照保持。旧配置与生成项目不启用时无需迁移。
+
+完整 [使用指南](i18n/README.md)、[通用示例](examples/i18n/README.md)、[验收记录](reports/i18nAcceptance.md)。包含 translation 的新契约远程依赖最低版本为 v0.26.0-preview；未使用该元数据的模板最低版本仍为 v0.22。CLI 与框架使用同版。
+
+同时修复 JSON 结束定界符读取失败时丢失原始错误的问题，使请求体超过外层限制时在 Go 1.22 中也保持 HTTP 413；共享目录测试工程使用 Go 1.22。
+
+```sh
+go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.26.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.26.0-preview
+go-omni api generate --check
+go test ./...
+```
+
+发布前 54 个测试包全量 race 与 Go 1.22（含生成消费者）、vet/build、真实进程检查通过。空缓存安装远程固定版本后，10 组生成消费者和 87 项发布检查通过，耗时 83.76 秒，无本地 replace；包含下载模块的国际化、CLDR/浏览器一致性、TypeScript 类型和 CLI 工具链验证。标签固定在 `d1a747c36f15d964dd445d661623b68a45892adf`，[远程验收记录](reports/i18nRemote.json)。
+
+---
+
+# v0.25.0-preview
+
+事务失败可以按阶段和已知结果处理，避免把“提交错误”误判为“数据库没有保存”。
+
+- `database.InTx` 签名不变，普通错误返回 `*database.TxError`；Stage 为 begin/work/commit，Outcome 为 notStarted/rolledBack/unknown。成功提交仍返回 nil。
+- Commit 报错一律 unknown；回调失败且显式 Rollback 返回 nil 才标记 rolledBack。BeginTx 失败不执行回调。ErrTxDone 不作为回滚成功证据，框架不重试事务。
+- `Err` 与 `RollbackErr` 保留两条原因链，可通过 errors.Is/As 识别；APIError、目录参数提示和公开响应继续工作。内部原因不自动进入 HTTP 提示。
+- 提供无需外部数据库的 [故障演示](examples/transactions/README.md)。真实 MySQL 与性能结果见 [验收记录](reports/transactionAcceptance.md)。不引入新依赖，不包含文件删除、补偿任务或业务规则。
+
+```sh
+go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.25.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.25.0-preview
+go-omni api generate --check
+go test ./...
+```
+
+**兼容边界：** 既有 errors.Is/As 保持；直接 `err == sentinel`、直接类型断言或字符串匹配需调整。nil context 使用 Background，nil 回调在开启前返回 typed error。panic/Goexit 继续传播并尝试回滚，不转换为 error；标准库自动回滚不公开的原因无法还原，不能推断已回滚。结果仅覆盖按约定使用的当前事务，不覆盖非事务表、隐式提交 SQL、其他连接或外部副作用。GORM 原生 Transaction 没有被替换。
+
+[database 使用规则](database/README.md#事务阶段与结果) 已同步。本轮 runtime 能力需要 v0.25，模板最低版本仍为 v0.22；没有新增必填配置，当前仍为 preview。
+
+49 个测试包全量 race、Go 1.22、vet/build、取消竞争复测通过；成功事务没有新增分配。固定远程版本在空缓存下通过 77 项发布检查和 9 组生成消费者，耗时 71.93 秒。独立 MySQL TLS 容器的 53 条测试记录（含子用例）通过，包含真实提交/回滚后的确认丢失、可选 GORM、生成项目和后台关闭，耗时 28.49 秒。均无本地 replace，标签固定在 `7a177744ab2bb85f23efc0ec267fd905d349bd4b`。见 [远程发布记录](reports/transactionRemote.json)、[远程 MySQL 记录](reports/transactionMySQLRemote.json)。
+
+---
+
+# v0.24.0-preview（历史版本）
+
+业务项目通过配置开启跨域，不需要手写 OPTIONS Handler 或逐条修改接口。
+
+- 默认关闭，在 `server.cors` 显式配置来源、方法和请求头；统一文件加载、环境引用和字段级诊断自动生效。生成项目无需修改 main、svc 或 `.api`。
+- 预检在鉴权前返回 204/403 空响应；实际请求继续鉴权、业务错误编码和路由处理。允许来源可读取 401/403/404/405/500，上传下载和流式能力保留。
+- 只支持精确 HTTP(S) 来源，公开无凭据服务可配置单一 `*`；禁止 `*` 与凭据混用。配置初始化快照、请求并发隔离、Vary 缓存分流和有界请求头处理。
+- 同一个 App 策略覆盖标准库、native 和 HTTP2；独立服务可使用 `cors.New(...).Wrap(handler)`。没有新增第三方依赖，没有移除现有功能。
+
+```sh
+go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.24.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.24.0-preview
+go-omni api generate
+go-omni api generate --check
+go run . -config etc/config.yaml -check-config
+```
+
+现有项目不配置 CORS 时行为不变。代理已处理 CORS 的项目继续关闭；跨域不替代登录、权限或 CSRF 防护。通过 App/Engine/Run 接入，直接对外暴露底层 Router 会绕过应用外层策略。本轮新增 runtime 配置需 v0.24，未使用该配置的模板最低版本仍为 v0.22。
+
+[配置与规则](cors/README.md)、[可运行示例](examples/cors/README.md)、[验收与性能](reports/corsAcceptance.md) 已同步。49 个测试包全量 race、Go 1.22、vet/build、实际生成项目、三种 transport 的 TLS 场景和 20 项真实浏览器检查通过；30 秒 fuzz 约 288 万次。当前仍为 preview。
+
+空缓存安装远程版本后，9 组生成消费者和 70 项发布检查通过，耗时 66.78 秒，无本地 replace；包括下载模块的 cors/app race、三种 transport 的 TLS 检查和只改配置的生成项目。标签固定在 `800974cfff6228c2697373d9961d3c7c75611d08`，见 [远程记录](reports/corsRemote.json)。
+
+---
+
+# v0.23.0-preview（历史版本）
+
+减少业务接入时重复维护的配置校验、HTTP 包装和类型检查。
+
+- 配置诊断定位 database.port、database.pool.maxIdleConns、server.log.level/timeZone 等具体字段，保留文件、环境变量、行列和安全原因；凭据不进入公开提示，原始原因可 errors.Is/As。
+- JSON 可传 `httpc.WithSuccessStatuses(200)`，默认仍接受全部 2xx；不匹配时不改目标，继续负责有界读取、关闭和连接回收，不添加新的重试规则。
+- `copyx.Check[S,T](options...)` 或已有 Copier.Check 复用同一组 Go 选项，无需样本和映射文件；实际拷贝不再因集合为空而漏过确定的类型不匹配。动态 interface、nil 值、converter 失败及深拷贝共享引用仍有运行时检查。
+- `server.log.timeZone: Asia/Shanghai` 配置实例时区；JSON/text/子日志一致，业务 time.Time 属性保持原样。极简镜像可用 `go build -tags timetzdata .` 内置时区数据，库不强制增加体积。
+
+```sh
+go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.23.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.23.0-preview
+go-omni api generate
+go-omni api generate --check
+go run . -config etc/config.yaml -check-config
+```
+
+现有调用接口保留；配置错误文本现在更精确，业务应通过类型/字段识别错误。空集合里确定的类型错误会提前暴露，需要显式 converter 或调整实际类型，不应靠空值跳过校验。预检通过不代表 converter 对所有业务值必定成功。当前模板最低版本仍是 v0.22，本轮新增 runtime 能力需使用 v0.23。
+
+[完整示例](examples/developerTools/README.md)、[配置](CONFIG.md)、[JSON 选项](httpc/README.md)、[类型预检](COPY.md#类型预检)、[日志时区](logx/README.md#实例时区)。验收与性能记录见 [本轮验收](reports/developerToolsAcceptance.md)。仍为 preview。
+
+48 个测试包全量 race、Go 1.22、vet/build、实际生成消费者及约 392 万次 copyx fuzz 通过。空缓存安装远程版本后，66 项发布检查通过，包括下载模块的 config/httpc/copyx/logx race；耗时 57.06 秒，无本地 replace。标签固定在 `3bbc6f60d76cb9eae6f01fa6ca122eb1fbf481af`，见 [远程验收](reports/developerToolsRemote.json)。
+
+---
+
+# v0.22.0-preview（历史版本）

 配置文件明确决定每个值的来源，项目只维护 Config、Default()、Validate() 和文件。

@@ -19,6 +177,8 @@ go run . -config etc/config.yaml -check-config

 [完整规则与迁移](CONFIG.md)、[可运行示例](examples/configuration/README.md)、[场景与性能验收](reports/explicitConfigurationAcceptance.md) 已同步。48 个测试包全量 race、实际生成消费者、Go 1.22、vet/build 和约 28 万次引用 fuzz 通过；小配置固定值/带引用加载约 25 µs，属于本机启动阶段基准。当前仍为 preview。

+空缓存远程 CLI 安装、下载模块 config/httpc race、8 组实际生成消费者与 `-check-config` 验收通过，无本地 replace。标签固定在 `d598b2ebee8cde36859021e882a6bc1e0bb4fd4c`；见 [远程验收记录](reports/explicitConfigurationRemote.json)。
+
 ---

 # v0.21.0-preview（历史版本）
--- a/RESPONSE.md
+++ b/RESPONSE.md
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # 公共响应体与独立接口协议

+v0.26 新增的 [国际化适配](i18n/README.md#接入-go-omni-错误与-http)保留现有响应契约。`Result.Message` 是校验使用的目录原文；`MessageOverride` 是可选展示译文，`PublicMessage()` 返回最终文案。内置 Formatter 自动使用译文；自定义 Encoder 显式选择，固定文本/XML 回执和直接输出不自动改写。
+
 这些功能从 `v0.8.0-preview` 提供。CLI 与项目框架依赖请固定到同一版本；源码开发可显式使用 `--framework-dir`。`v0.7.0-preview.1` 不包含响应模板声明。

 go-omni 的响应编码由应用或接口配置。没有配置时保留旧版默认值；业务可以定义自己的字段、嵌套结构、错误码类型、提示和空值行为。`response.Response` 仅保留为兼容 DTO，运行时与生成器不再通过它固定响应结构。
--- a/app/app.go
+++ b/app/app.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cors"
 	apierrors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 // httpx.Router, leaving the network implementation replaceable.
 type App struct {
 	router           httpx.Router
+	handler          http.Handler
 	config           config.Config
 	middlewares      []httpx.Middleware
 	closers          []func() error
@@ -31,6 +33,10 @@ type App struct {
 	closeErr         error
 	clientIPResolver *httpx.ClientIPResolver
 	responseEncoder  response.Encoder
+	requests         requestDrain
+	bodyLimits       []routeBodyLimit
+	validateOnce     sync.Once
+	validateErr      error
 }

 // Runner is the small lifecycle boundary used by an HTTP server
@@ -67,6 +73,11 @@ func configure(options ...config.Option) config.Config {
 }

 func newApp(router httpx.Router, settings config.Config) *App {
+	settings.CORS = settings.CORS.Clone()
+	corsPolicy, corsErr := cors.New(settings.CORS)
+	if corsErr != nil {
+		panic(config.AtField("cors", corsErr))
+	}
 	settings.Response = settings.Response.Clone()
 	settings.Errors = settings.Errors.Clone()
 	encoder, responseErr := response.New(settings.Response)
@@ -93,6 +104,14 @@ func newApp(router httpx.Router, settings config.Config) *App {
 	}
 	middlewares = append(middlewares, middleware.Recovery())
 	application := &App{router: router, config: settings, middlewares: middlewares, clientIPResolver: resolver, responseEncoder: responseEncoder}
+	application.requests.done = make(chan struct{})
+	application.handler = corsPolicy.Wrap(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.ContentLength > application.hardBodyLimit() {
+			application.adapt(func(*httpx.Context) error { return apierrors.New(413, "BODY_TOO_LARGE", "request body exceeds limit") }).ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		router.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	}))
 	if fallback, ok := router.(httpx.FallbackRouter); ok {
 		adaptError := func(status int, code, message string) http.Handler {
 			return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
@@ -104,21 +123,39 @@ func newApp(router httpx.Router, settings config.Config) *App {
 	return application
 }

-// Router returns the transport contract used by this application.
+// Router exposes the underlying routing contract for advanced registration.
+// Serve through App or Engine for CORS, hard body limits and shutdown tracking.
 func (a *App) Router() httpx.Router { return a.router }

 // Engine is kept as a compatibility name for the old API. It returns a
 // standard http.Handler, so callers do not depend on a router type.
-func (a *App) Engine() http.Handler { return a.router }
+func (a *App) Engine() http.Handler { return a }

 // ServeHTTP implements http.Handler for standard servers and HTTP tests.
 func (a *App) ServeHTTP(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
-	a.router.ServeHTTP(writer, request)
+	ctx, work := a.requests.begin(request.Context())
+	if work == nil {
+		// Do not invoke encoders, middleware or loggers after their owners close.
+		http.Error(writer, "server shutting down", http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+		return
+	}
+	defer a.requests.end(work)
+	a.validateOnce.Do(func() { a.validateErr = a.ValidateHTTP() })
+	if a.validateErr != nil {
+		http.Error(writer, "invalid HTTP configuration", http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+		return
+	}
+	request = request.WithContext(ctx)
+	if request.Body != nil {
+		request.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(writer, request.Body, a.hardBodyLimit())
+	}
+	a.handler.ServeHTTP(writer, request)
 }

 // Config returns the effective application configuration.
 func (a *App) Config() config.Config {
 	settings := a.config
+	settings.CORS = settings.CORS.Clone()
 	settings.Response = settings.Response.Clone()
 	settings.Errors = settings.Errors.Clone()
 	settings.TrustedProxies = append([]string(nil), settings.TrustedProxies...)
@@ -133,7 +170,8 @@ func (a *App) Use(middleware ...httpx.Middleware) *App {
 }

 // OnShutdown registers a cleanup function owned by the application. Cleanup
-// functions run in reverse registration order when Close or RunContext ends.
+// functions run in reverse registration order after all handlers have returned.
+// Incomplete draining skips these callbacks and returns ErrResourcesRetained.
 // This keeps omni.New as the only public startup entry point while allowing
 // projects to attach databases, loggers and other resources to its lifecycle.
 func (a *App) OnShutdown(cleanup func() error) *App {
@@ -143,9 +181,21 @@ func (a *App) OnShutdown(cleanup func() error) *App {
 	return a
 }

-// Close releases application resources. It is safe to call more than once.
+// Close stops admission, cancels active requests and waits for their handlers
+// to return before releasing resources. It is idempotent. If cancellation grace
+// expires, ErrResourcesRetained is permanent and no cleanup callbacks run.
+// Use RunContext/ServeContext for graceful draining before cancellation. Do not
+// call Close from a handler or cleanup callback; it would wait for itself.
 func (a *App) Close() error {
 	a.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		timeout := a.config.HTTP.ShutdownCancelTimeout
+		if timeout <= 0 {
+			timeout = 5 * time.Second
+		}
+		if err := a.requests.cancelAndWait(timeout); err != nil {
+			a.closeErr = err
+			return
+		}
 		for index := len(a.closers) - 1; index >= 0; index-- {
 			if err := a.closers[index](); err != nil {
 				a.closeErr = errors.Join(a.closeErr, err)
@@ -167,7 +217,7 @@ func (a *App) Run(address ...string) error {
 // Invalid HTTP options panic; RunContext/ServeContext return validation errors.
 // Use RunContext or ServeContext to apply the configured transport and TLS.
 func (a *App) NewServer(address string) *http.Server {
-	if err := a.config.HTTP.Validate(); err != nil {
+	if err := a.ValidateHTTP(); err != nil {
 		panic(err)
 	}
 	if address == "" {
@@ -177,7 +227,7 @@ func (a *App) NewServer(address string) *http.Server {
 		}
 	}
 	cfg := a.config.HTTP
-	return &http.Server{Addr: address, Handler: a.router,
+	return &http.Server{Addr: address, Handler: a,
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: cfg.ReadHeaderTimeout, ReadTimeout: cfg.ReadTimeout,
 		WriteTimeout: cfg.WriteTimeout, IdleTimeout: cfg.IdleTimeout,
 		MaxHeaderBytes: cfg.MaxHeaderBytes, ErrorLog: cfg.ErrorLog}
@@ -192,6 +242,8 @@ func (a *App) RunContext(ctx context.Context, address ...string) (runErr error)
 	if ctx.Err() != nil {
 		return a.Close()
 	}
+	stopWatching := a.watchShutdown(ctx)
+	defer stopWatching()
 	serve, err := a.prepareTransport()
 	if err != nil {
 		return errors.Join(err, a.Close())
@@ -218,6 +270,11 @@ func (a *App) RunWith(ctx context.Context, runner Runner, address ...string) (ru
 	if ctx.Err() != nil {
 		return a.Close()
 	}
+	if err := a.ValidateHTTP(); err != nil {
+		return errors.Join(err, a.Close())
+	}
+	stopWatching := a.watchShutdown(ctx)
+	defer stopWatching()
 	return errors.Join(runner.Run(ctx, a, a.listenAddress(address...)), a.Close())
 }

@@ -251,12 +308,16 @@ func (a *App) serveContext(ctx context.Context, server *http.Server, listener ne

 	select {
 	case err := <-serveErr:
+		// Serve returning only proves the accept loop ended. Cancel any remaining
+		// connections before the application completion barrier and cleanup.
+		_ = server.Close()
 		closeErr := a.Close()
 		if err == http.ErrServerClosed {
 			return closeErr
 		}
 		return errors.Join(err, closeErr)
 	case <-ctx.Done():
+		a.requests.stop()
 		shutdownTimeout := a.config.ShutdownTimeout
 		if shutdownTimeout <= 0 {
 			shutdownTimeout = 10 * time.Second
@@ -265,8 +326,8 @@ func (a *App) serveContext(ctx context.Context, server *http.Server, listener ne
 		defer cancel()
 		shutdownErr := server.Shutdown(shutdownCtx)
 		if shutdownErr != nil {
-			// Shutdown leaves active connections open on timeout. Close them so
-			// request contexts are canceled before releasing shared resources.
+			// Closing sockets requests cancellation; App.Close separately waits
+			// for the actual handler return before releasing shared resources.
 			shutdownErr = errors.Join(shutdownErr, server.Close())
 		}
 		if err := <-serveErr; err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
--- a/app/body.go
+++ b/app/body.go
@@ -1,11 +1,68 @@
 package app

 import (
-	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
-	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/response"
+	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/httplimits"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/response"
 )

+type routeBodyLimit struct {
+	method, path string
+	maxBytes     int64
+}
+
+func (a *App) hardBodyLimit() int64 {
+	if a.config.HTTP.MaxBodyBytes > 0 {
+		return a.config.HTTP.MaxBodyBytes
+	}
+	return httplimits.MaxBodyBytes
+}
+
+func (a *App) defaultBodyLimit() int64 {
+	limit := a.config.HTTP.DefaultMaxBodyBytes
+	if limit <= 0 {
+		limit = httplimits.DefaultBodyBytes
+	}
+	if limit > a.hardBodyLimit() {
+		limit = a.hardBodyLimit()
+	}
+	// Invalid configuration is rejected at startup or the first external request.
+	if limit > httplimits.MaxBodyBytes {
+		limit = httplimits.MaxBodyBytes
+	}
+	return limit
+}
+
+// ValidateHTTP checks HTTP settings and registered route body limits without
+// opening a listener. Call after registration when hosting App/Engine externally.
+// Built-in serving entry points and RunWith perform this check automatically.
+func (a *App) ValidateHTTP() error {
+	if err := a.config.HTTP.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, route := range a.bodyLimits {
+		if route.maxBytes > a.hardBodyLimit() {
+			return &config.ConfigError{Field: "http.maxBodyBytes", Message: fmt.Sprintf("route %s %s maxBytes=%d exceeds service hard limit=%d; raise http.maxBodyBytes or lower the route limit", route.method, route.path, route.maxBytes, a.hardBodyLimit())}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func joinRoutePath(prefix, path string) string {
+	if path == "" {
+		if prefix == "" {
+			return "/"
+		}
+		return prefix
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSuffix(prefix, "/") + "/" + strings.TrimPrefix(path, "/")
+}
+
 func (a *App) bodyHandler(maxBytes int64, encoder response.Encoder, handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) http.Handler {
 	checked := httpx.LimitBody(maxBytes)(handler)
 	if encoder == nil {
@@ -25,8 +82,10 @@ func (a *App) bodyHandler(maxBytes int64, encoder response.Encoder, handler http
 // the response policy, including auth failures and parameter errors.
 func (a *App) HandleWithBodyLimit(method, path string, maxBytes int64, encoder response.Encoder, handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) {
 	a.router.Handle(method, path, a.bodyHandler(maxBytes, encoder, handler, middleware...))
+	a.bodyLimits = append(a.bodyLimits, routeBodyLimit{method, path, maxBytes})
 }
 func (g *RouterGroup) HandleWithBodyLimit(method, path string, maxBytes int64, encoder response.Encoder, handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) {
 	combined := append(append([]httpx.Middleware{}, g.middlewares...), middleware...)
 	g.group.Handle(method, path, g.app.bodyHandler(maxBytes, encoder, handler, combined...))
+	g.app.bodyLimits = append(g.app.bodyLimits, routeBodyLimit{method, joinRoutePath(g.prefix, path), maxBytes})
 }
--- a/app/bodyPolicy_test.go
+++ b/app/bodyPolicy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,224 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/testutil"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/response"
+)
+
+func serveBodyPolicy(t *testing.T, a *App, transport string) (string, *http.Client) {
+	t.Helper()
+	cert, key, clientTLS := testutil.CertificateFiles(t)
+	a.config.Transport = transport
+	a.config.TLS = config.TLSConfig{CertFile: cert, KeyFile: key}
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- a.ServeContext(ctx, l) }()
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 5 * time.Second, Transport: &http.Transport{TLSClientConfig: clientTLS, ForceAttemptHTTP2: transport == config.TransportHTTP2}}
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		client.CloseIdleConnections()
+		cancel()
+		select {
+		case err := <-done:
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+			t.Error("server did not stop")
+		}
+	})
+	return "https://" + l.Addr().String(), client
+}
+
+func consumeBody(c *httpx.Context) error {
+	_, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, c.Request().Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return c.Text(200, "accepted")
+}
+
+func TestUploadPolicyAcrossTransports(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, transport := range []string{config.TransportNetHTTP, config.TransportNative, config.TransportHTTP2} {
+		t.Run(transport, func(t *testing.T) {
+			a := New()
+			a.POST("/default", consumeBody)
+			a.HandleWithBodyLimit("POST", "/large", 16<<20, nil, consumeBody)
+			a.Group("/v1").Group("files").HandleWithBodyLimit("POST", "/large", 16<<20, nil, consumeBody)
+			base, client := serveBodyPolicy(t, a, transport)
+			payload := bytes.Repeat([]byte{'x'}, 9<<20)
+			for _, chunked := range []bool{false, true} {
+				for _, path := range []string{"/default", "/large", "/v1/files/large"} {
+					var body io.Reader = bytes.NewReader(payload)
+					if chunked {
+						body = struct{ io.Reader }{body}
+					}
+					req, _ := http.NewRequest("POST", base+path, body)
+					res, err := client.Do(req)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					data, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+					res.Body.Close()
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					want := 200
+					if path == "/default" {
+						want = 413
+					}
+					if res.StatusCode != want || (want == 413 && !strings.Contains(string(data), "BODY_TOO_LARGE")) {
+						t.Fatalf("%s unknownLength=%v: %d %s", path, chunked, res.StatusCode, data)
+					}
+					if transport == config.TransportHTTP2 && res.ProtoMajor != 2 {
+						t.Fatal("HTTP/2 not negotiated")
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConfiguredBodyPolicyBeforeMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, transport := range []string{config.TransportNetHTTP, config.TransportNative, config.TransportHTTP2} {
+		t.Run(transport, func(t *testing.T) {
+			a := New(config.WithHTTPConfig(config.HTTPConfig{DefaultMaxBodyBytes: 32, MaxBodyBytes: 128}))
+			var calls atomic.Int32
+			a.Use(func(next httpx.Handler) httpx.Handler {
+				return func(c *httpx.Context) error {
+					data, err := io.ReadAll(c.Request().Body)
+					if err != nil {
+						return err
+					}
+					c.Request().Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(data))
+					return next(c)
+				}
+			})
+			h := func(c *httpx.Context) error { calls.Add(1); return consumeBody(c) }
+			a.POST("/default", h)
+			a.HandleWithBodyLimit("POST", "/override", 64, nil, h)
+			a.HandleWithBodyLimit("POST", "/hard", 128, nil, h)
+			base, client := serveBodyPolicy(t, a, transport)
+			for _, tc := range []struct {
+				path         string
+				size, status int
+			}{
+				{"/default", 32, 200}, {"/default", 33, 413}, {"/override", 64, 200}, {"/override", 65, 413}, {"/hard", 128, 200}, {"/hard", 129, 413},
+			} {
+				for _, unknown := range []bool{false, true} {
+					before := calls.Load()
+					var body io.Reader = strings.NewReader(strings.Repeat("a", tc.size))
+					if unknown {
+						body = struct{ io.Reader }{body}
+					}
+					res, err := client.Post(base+tc.path, "application/octet-stream", body)
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Fatal(err)
+					}
+					data, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+					res.Body.Close()
+					if err != nil || res.StatusCode != tc.status {
+						t.Fatalf("%+v unknown=%v: %d %s %v", tc, unknown, res.StatusCode, data, err)
+					}
+					if tc.status == 413 && (calls.Load() != before || !strings.Contains(string(data), "BODY_TOO_LARGE")) {
+						t.Fatal("oversize reached business or lost error", string(data))
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBodyHardLimitConflictBeforeServing(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, entry := range []string{"RunContext", "ServeContext", "RunWith", "NewServer", "Engine"} {
+		t.Run(entry, func(t *testing.T) {
+			a := New(config.WithHTTPConfig(config.HTTPConfig{MaxBodyBytes: 8 << 20}))
+			a.Group("/v1").Group("files").HandleWithBodyLimit("POST", "/upload/", 16<<20, nil, consumeBody)
+			closed := 0
+			a.OnShutdown(func() error { closed++; return nil })
+			if err := a.ValidateHTTP(); err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("external preflight accepted conflicting route limit")
+			}
+			var err error
+			switch entry {
+			case "RunContext":
+				err = a.RunContext(context.Background(), "bad address")
+			case "ServeContext":
+				l, e := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+				if e != nil {
+					t.Fatal(e)
+				}
+				err = a.ServeContext(context.Background(), l)
+				if _, e = l.Accept(); !errors.Is(e, net.ErrClosed) {
+					t.Fatal("listener leaked", e)
+				}
+			case "RunWith":
+				err = a.RunWith(context.Background(), runnerFunc(func(context.Context, http.Handler, string) error { t.Error("runner started"); return nil }))
+			case "NewServer":
+				func() {
+					defer func() {
+						if p := recover(); p != nil {
+							err, _ = p.(error)
+						}
+					}()
+					a.NewServer("")
+				}()
+				_ = a.Close()
+			case "Engine":
+				w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+				a.Engine().ServeHTTP(w, httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/v1/files/upload/", nil))
+				if w.Code != 503 {
+					t.Fatal(w.Code)
+				}
+				err = a.validateErr
+				_ = a.Close()
+			}
+			for _, part := range []string{"POST /v1/files/upload/", "16777216", "8388608", "http.maxBodyBytes"} {
+				if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), part) {
+					t.Fatalf("missing %q: %v", part, err)
+				}
+			}
+			if closed != 1 {
+				t.Fatal("cleanup count", closed)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultBodyLimitRegistrationPaths(t *testing.T) {
+	a := New(config.WithHTTPConfig(config.HTTPConfig{DefaultMaxBodyBytes: 4, MaxBodyBytes: 16}))
+	h := func(*httpx.Context) error { t.Error("oversize reached business"); return nil }
+	encoder, _ := response.New(response.Config{})
+	a.Handle("POST", "/handle", h)
+	a.HandleWithResponse("POST", "/response", encoder, h)
+	a.Any("/any", h)
+	g := a.Group("/group")
+	g.POST("/post", h)
+	g.Any("/any", h)
+	g.HandleWithResponse("POST", "/response", encoder, h)
+	for _, path := range []string{"/handle", "/response", "/any", "/group/post", "/group/any", "/group/response"} {
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r := httptest.NewRequest("POST", path, strings.NewReader("12345"))
+		a.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		if w.Code != 413 {
+			t.Fatal(path, w.Code, w.Body.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/app/cors_test.go
+++ b/app/cors_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	omni "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/testutil"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/response"
+)
+
+func corsApp() *omni.App {
+	return omni.New(omni.WithCORS(omni.CORSConfig{Enabled: true, AllowedOrigins: []string{"https://web.example"}, AllowedMethods: []string{"GET", "POST", "PUT"}, AllowedHeaders: []string{"Authorization", "Content-Type"}, ExposedHeaders: []string{"Content-Disposition"}}), omni.WithResponse(response.Config{CodeType: "int32", SuccessCode: 0, ErrorCode: 999, MessageField: "msg", DataMode: "always"}))
+}
+func TestAppCORSRoutingAndErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	a := corsApp()
+	defer a.Close()
+	var middlewareCalls int
+	a.Use(func(next omni.Handler) omni.Handler {
+		return func(c *omni.Context) error { middlewareCalls++; return next(c) }
+	})
+	a.GET("/secure", func(c *omni.Context) error { return c.OK("private") }, func(next omni.Handler) omni.Handler {
+		return func(c *omni.Context) error { return omni.Unauthorized("LOGIN_REQUIRED", "login required") }
+	})
+	a.GET("/failure", func(c *omni.Context) error { return omni.Internal(errors.New("private detail")) })
+	a.GET("/panic", func(c *omni.Context) error { panic("private panic") })
+	a.Handle("OPTIONS", "/options", func(c *omni.Context) error { return c.Text(200, "ordinary options") })
+	for name, entry := range map[string]http.Handler{"App": a, "Engine": a.Engine(), "NewServer": a.NewServer("").Handler} {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			for _, tc := range []struct {
+				method, path string
+				status       int
+			}{{"GET", "/secure", 401}, {"GET", "/failure", 500}, {"GET", "/panic", 500}, {"GET", "/absent", 404}, {"PUT", "/secure", 405}} {
+				r := httptest.NewRequest(tc.method, tc.path, nil)
+				r.Header.Set("Origin", "https://web.example")
+				w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+				entry.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+				var body map[string]any
+				err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &body)
+				if err != nil || w.Code != tc.status || w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") != "https://web.example" || body["code"] != float64(999) || body["data"] != nil || body["msg"] == nil || strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "private") {
+					t.Fatal(w.Code, w.Header(), w.Body.String(), err)
+				}
+			}
+			for _, path := range []string{"/secure", "/absent"} {
+				before := middlewareCalls
+				r := httptest.NewRequest("OPTIONS", path, nil)
+				r.Header.Set("Origin", "https://web.example")
+				r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Method", "POST")
+				r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Headers", "authorization,content-type")
+				w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+				entry.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+				if w.Code != 204 || w.Body.Len() != 0 || middlewareCalls != before {
+					t.Fatal(w.Code, w.Body.String(), middlewareCalls, before)
+				}
+			}
+			r := httptest.NewRequest("OPTIONS", "/options", nil)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			entry.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			if w.Code != 200 || w.Body.String() != "ordinary options" {
+				t.Fatal(w.Code, w.Body.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAppCORSConfigIsolation(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := config.Default()
+	cfg.CORS = omni.CORSConfig{Enabled: true, AllowedOrigins: []string{"https://one.example"}, AllowedHeaders: []string{"Authorization"}}
+	option := omni.WithConfig(cfg)
+	cfg.CORS.AllowedOrigins[0] = "https://evil.example"
+	a := omni.New(option)
+	defer a.Close()
+	b := omni.New(option)
+	defer b.Close()
+	a.Config().CORS.AllowedOrigins[0] = "https://evil.example"
+	for _, app := range []*omni.App{a, b} {
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/absent", nil)
+		r.Header.Set("Origin", "https://one.example")
+		app.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		if w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") != "https://one.example" {
+			t.Fatal(w.Header())
+		}
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if recover() == nil {
+			t.Error("invalid CORS passed direct New")
+		}
+	}()
+	omni.New(omni.WithCORS(omni.CORSConfig{Enabled: true}))
+}
+
+func TestCORSTransports(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, transport := range []string{omni.TransportNetHTTP, omni.TransportNative, omni.TransportHTTP2} {
+		t.Run(transport, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cert, key, tlsClient := testutil.CertificateFiles(t)
+			cfg := omni.CORSConfig{Enabled: true, AllowedOrigins: []string{"https://web.example"}, AllowedMethods: []string{"GET", "POST"}, AllowedHeaders: []string{"Content-Type"}, ExposedHeaders: []string{"Content-Disposition"}}
+			a := omni.New(omni.WithCORS(cfg), omni.WithTransport(transport), omni.WithTLS(cert, key))
+			var called atomic.Int32
+			a.Use(func(next omni.Handler) omni.Handler {
+				return func(c *omni.Context) error { called.Add(1); return next(c) }
+			})
+			a.POST("/upload", func(c *omni.Context) error {
+				b, err := io.ReadAll(c.Request().Body)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				return c.Text(200, string(b))
+			})
+			a.GET("/download", func(c *omni.Context) error {
+				return c.WriteStream(200, "application/octet-stream", &httpx.Stream{Content: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("file bytes")), Name: "example.txt"})
+			})
+			listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			done := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() { done <- a.ServeContext(ctx, listener) }()
+			defer func() {
+				cancel()
+				select {
+				case err := <-done:
+					if err != nil {
+						t.Error(err)
+					}
+				case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+					t.Error("server did not close")
+					listener.Close()
+				}
+			}()
+			client := &http.Client{Timeout: 5 * time.Second, Transport: &http.Transport{TLSClientConfig: tlsClient, ForceAttemptHTTP2: true}}
+			defer client.CloseIdleConnections()
+			url := "https://" + listener.Addr().String()
+			for _, tc := range []struct {
+				method, path, body string
+				status             int
+			}{{"OPTIONS", "/upload", "", 204}, {"POST", "/upload", "raw upload", 200}, {"GET", "/download", "file bytes", 200}, {"GET", "/missing", "", 404}} {
+				var input io.Reader
+				if tc.method == "POST" {
+					input = strings.NewReader(tc.body)
+				}
+				r, _ := http.NewRequest(tc.method, url+tc.path, input)
+				r.Header.Set("Origin", "https://web.example")
+				if tc.method == "OPTIONS" {
+					r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Method", "POST")
+					r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Headers", "content-type")
+				}
+				res, err := client.Do(r)
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				body, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)
+				res.Body.Close()
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				if res.StatusCode != tc.status || res.Header.Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") != "https://web.example" {
+					t.Fatal(res.StatusCode, res.Header)
+				}
+				if tc.status == 200 && string(body) != tc.body {
+					t.Fatal(string(body))
+				}
+				if tc.status == 204 && (len(body) != 0 || called.Load() != 0) {
+					t.Fatal("preflight reached middleware")
+				}
+				if tc.path == "/download" && (!strings.Contains(res.Header.Get("Content-Disposition"), "example.txt") || res.Header.Get("Access-Control-Expose-Headers") != "Content-Disposition") {
+					t.Fatal(res.Header)
+				}
+				if transport == omni.TransportHTTP2 && res.ProtoMajor != 2 {
+					t.Fatal(res.Proto)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/app/i18n_test.go
+++ b/app/i18n_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,241 @@
+package app_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	omni "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
+	apierrors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n/errori18n"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n/httpi18n"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/middleware"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/response"
+)
+
+func localizedCatalog(namespace string, status int) apierrors.Catalog {
+	return errori18n.Bind(apierrors.Catalog{DefaultStatus: status, Definitions: map[string]apierrors.Definition{
+		"SAME":           {Code: int64(9223372036854775807), Message: namespace + ":{value}", Params: []apierrors.Parameter{{Name: "value", Type: "string"}}},
+		"INTERNAL_ERROR": {Status: 500, Code: int64(500), Message: "internal"},
+		"FIXED":          {Status: 401, Code: int64(401), Message: "fixed {literal}"},
+	}}, namespace)
+}
+func localizedOptions(t *testing.T, catalogs ...apierrors.Catalog) (*httpi18n.Policy, *errori18n.Localizer) {
+	t.Helper()
+	docs := []i18n.Document{}
+	for _, catalog := range catalogs {
+		source, err := errori18n.Source(catalog, "en")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		docs = append(docs, source...)
+		for _, d := range source {
+			docs = append(docs, i18n.Document{Version: 1, Namespace: d.Namespace, Locale: "zh-Hans", Messages: map[string]i18n.Message{
+				"SAME": {Value: i18n.Pattern{Text: d.Namespace + "译文:{value}"}}, "FIXED": {Value: i18n.Pattern{Text: "需要认证"}}, "INTERNAL_ERROR": {Value: i18n.Pattern{Text: "系统错误"}},
+			}})
+		}
+	}
+	b, err := i18n.New(i18n.Config{SourceLocale: "en", DefaultLocale: "en", Locales: []string{"en", "zh-Hans"}}, docs...)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	l := errori18n.New(b, nil)
+	for _, c := range catalogs {
+		if err := l.Validate(c); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	p, err := httpi18n.New(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return p, l
+}
+
+func TestI18nRouteScopesEarlyFailuresAndReplay(t *testing.T) {
+	global, local := localizedCatalog("app", 200), localizedCatalog("route", 409)
+	policy, localizer := localizedOptions(t, global, local)
+	format := response.Config{CodeType: "int64", SuccessCode: int64(0), ErrorCode: int64(999), Body: map[string]any{"error": map[string]any{"reason": "${message}", "id": "${code}"}, "ok": "${ok}", "data": "${data}"}, DataMode: "always", Messages: map[string]string{"FIXED": "fixed {literal}"}}
+	app := omni.New(omni.WithErrors(global), omni.WithResponse(format), omni.WithLanguagePolicy(policy), omni.WithErrorLocalizer(localizer))
+	defer app.Close()
+	private := errors.New("private-value")
+	app.Use(func(next httpx.Handler) httpx.Handler {
+		return func(c *httpx.Context) error {
+			switch c.Header("X-Early") {
+			case "auth":
+				return apierrors.ByCode("FIXED")
+			case "panic":
+				panic(private)
+			}
+			return next(c)
+		}
+	})
+	handler := func(c *httpx.Context) error {
+		if c.Header("X-Params") == "missing" {
+			return apierrors.ByCode("SAME")
+		}
+		return apierrors.ByCode("SAME").WithParams(map[string]any{"value": "{literal}"}).WithCause(private)
+	}
+	app.GET("/global", handler)
+	bridge := httpx.WrapMiddleware(func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { next.ServeHTTP(w, r) })
+	})
+	app.HandleWithResponse("GET", "/route", response.RawJSON(response.MustWithErrors(local, response.MustNew(format))), handler, bridge)
+	for _, path := range []string{"/global", "/route"} {
+		for _, locale := range []string{"en", "zh-CN"} {
+			for _, mode := range []string{"", "auth", "panic", "missing"} {
+				r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", path, nil)
+				r.Header.Set("Accept-Language", locale)
+				r.Header.Set("X-Early", mode)
+				r.Header.Set("X-Params", mode)
+				w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+				app.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+				var body struct {
+					Error struct {
+						Reason string      `json:"reason"`
+						ID     json.Number `json:"id"`
+					} `json:"error"`
+					OK   bool `json:"ok"`
+					Data any  `json:"data"`
+				}
+				if err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &body); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err, w.Body.String())
+				}
+				ns, status := "app", 200
+				if path == "/route" {
+					ns, status = "route", 409
+				}
+				want := ns + ":{literal}"
+				if locale != "en" {
+					want = ns + "译文:{literal}"
+				}
+				if mode == "auth" {
+					status = 401
+					want = "fixed {literal}"
+					if locale != "en" {
+						want = "需要认证"
+					}
+				} else if mode == "panic" || mode == "missing" {
+					status = 500
+					want = "internal"
+					if locale != "en" {
+						want = "系统错误"
+					}
+				}
+				if w.Code != status || body.OK || body.Error.Reason != want || strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "private-value") {
+					t.Fatal(path, locale, mode, w.Code, w.Body.String())
+				}
+				if mode == "" && body.Error.ID.String() != "9223372036854775807" {
+					t.Fatal("public code changed", body.Error)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	for _, shared := range []bool{false, true} {
+		cfg := middleware.IdempotencyConfig{Scope: func(*httpx.Context) (string, error) { return "test", nil }}
+		if shared {
+			cfg.Store = &catalogStore{records: map[string]middleware.IdempotencyRecord{}}
+		}
+		idem, err := middleware.NewIdempotency(cfg)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		path := "/localReplay"
+		if shared {
+			path = "/sharedReplay"
+		}
+		calls := 0
+		app.POST(path, func(c *httpx.Context) error { calls++; return handler(c) }, idem.Middleware())
+		var first string
+		for _, locale := range []string{"en", "zh-CN"} {
+			r := httptest.NewRequest("POST", path, strings.NewReader(`{}`))
+			r.Header.Set("Idempotency-Key", "same")
+			r.Header.Set("Accept-Language", locale)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			app.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			if locale == "en" {
+				first = w.Body.String()
+			} else if w.Body.String() != first || w.Header().Get("Idempotency-Replayed") != "true" {
+				t.Fatal("replay changed", w.Body.String(), first)
+			}
+		}
+		if calls != 1 {
+			t.Fatal("language retriggered business", calls)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestI18nExplicitProtocolsAndConcurrentApps(t *testing.T) {
+	apps := []*omni.App{}
+	for _, ns := range []string{"one", "two"} {
+		c := localizedCatalog(ns, 200)
+		p, l := localizedOptions(t, c)
+		a := omni.New(omni.WithErrors(c), omni.WithResponse(response.Config{CodeType: "int64", SuccessCode: 0, ErrorCode: 999}), omni.WithLanguagePolicy(p), omni.WithErrorLocalizer(l))
+		defer a.Close()
+		a.GET("/", func(*httpx.Context) error { return apierrors.ByCode("FIXED") })
+		a.HandleWithResponse("GET", "/ack", response.EncoderFunc(func(r response.Result) (response.Payload, error) {
+			if !r.IsError() || r.Message != "fixed {literal}" || r.PublicMessage() != "需要认证" {
+				t.Error(r)
+			}
+			return response.Text(200, "ACK"), nil
+		}), func(*httpx.Context) error { return apierrors.ByCode("FIXED") })
+		a.GET("/direct", func(c *httpx.Context) error { return c.Text(200, "fixed-protocol") })
+		apps = append(apps, a)
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for n := 0; n < 60; n++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(n int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			locale, want := "en", "fixed {literal}"
+			if n%2 == 0 {
+				locale, want = "zh-CN", "需要认证"
+			}
+			r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+			r.Header.Set("Accept-Language", locale)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			apps[n%len(apps)].ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			if w.Code != 401 || !strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), want) {
+				t.Error(w.Code, w.Body.String())
+			}
+		}(n)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	for _, path := range []string{"/ack", "/direct"} {
+		r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", path, nil)
+		r.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN")
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		apps[0].ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		want := "ACK"
+		if path == "/direct" {
+			want = "fixed-protocol"
+		}
+		if w.Body.String() != want {
+			t.Fatal(w.Body.String())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+type panickingLocalizer struct{}
+
+func (panickingLocalizer) Localize(context.Context, *apierrors.Registry, *apierrors.APIError) (string, bool) {
+	panic("presentation failed")
+}
+func TestI18nAdapterFailurePreservesBusiness(t *testing.T) {
+	c := localizedCatalog("test", 200)
+	a := omni.New(omni.WithErrors(c), omni.WithResponse(response.Config{CodeType: "int64", SuccessCode: 0, ErrorCode: 999}), omni.WithErrorLocalizer(panickingLocalizer{}))
+	defer a.Close()
+	a.GET("/", func(*httpx.Context) error { return apierrors.ByCode("FIXED") })
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	a.ServeHTTP(w, httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil))
+	if w.Code != 401 || !strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "fixed {literal}") {
+		t.Fatal(w.Code, w.Body.String())
+	}
+}
--- a/app/requests.go
+++ b/app/requests.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
+)
+
+// Admission and completion share a lock: once stopped, no request can enter
+// between observing zero active handlers and releasing their dependencies.
+type requestDrain struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	stopped bool
+	active  map[*requestWork]struct{}
+	done    chan struct{}
+}
+
+type requestWork struct{ cancel context.CancelFunc }
+
+func (d *requestDrain) begin(ctx context.Context) (context.Context, *requestWork) {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	if d.stopped {
+		return ctx, nil
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	w := &requestWork{cancel: cancel}
+	if d.active == nil {
+		d.active = make(map[*requestWork]struct{})
+	}
+	d.active[w] = struct{}{}
+	return ctx, w
+}
+
+func (d *requestDrain) end(w *requestWork) {
+	w.cancel()
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(d.active, w)
+	if d.stopped && len(d.active) == 0 {
+		close(d.done)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *requestDrain) stop() {
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	defer d.mu.Unlock()
+	if d.stopped {
+		return
+	}
+	d.stopped = true
+	if len(d.active) == 0 {
+		close(d.done)
+	}
+}
+
+func (d *requestDrain) cancelAndWait(timeout time.Duration) error {
+	d.stop()
+	d.mu.Lock()
+	for w := range d.active {
+		w.cancel()
+	}
+	d.mu.Unlock()
+	timer := time.NewTimer(timeout)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	select {
+	case <-d.done:
+		return nil
+	case <-timer.C:
+		select {
+		case <-d.done:
+			return nil
+		default:
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("go-omni: HTTP handlers did not finish within cancellation grace %s: %w", timeout,
+			errors.Join(context.DeadlineExceeded, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained))
+	}
+}
+
+// watchShutdown stops admission on the early signal without canceling accepted
+// work. The transport retains its graceful drain budget before Close cancels.
+func (a *App) watchShutdown(ctx context.Context) func() bool {
+	return context.AfterFunc(ctx, a.requests.stop)
+}
--- a/app/requests_test.go
+++ b/app/requests_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+package app
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/testutil"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
+)
+
+func TestShutdownWaitsForCancellationCleanup(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, transport := range []string{config.TransportNetHTTP, config.TransportNative, config.TransportHTTP2} {
+		t.Run(transport, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cert, key, tlsClient := testutil.CertificateFiles(t)
+			a := New(config.WithTransport(transport), config.WithTLS(cert, key), config.WithShutdownTimeout(30*time.Millisecond), config.WithHTTPConfig(config.HTTPConfig{ShutdownCancelTimeout: time.Second}))
+			started, canceled, release := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+			var once sync.Once
+			unblock := func() { once.Do(func() { close(release) }) }
+			defer unblock()
+			var closed atomic.Int32
+			a.OnShutdown(func() error { closed.Add(1); return nil })
+			a.GET("/work", func(c *httpx.Context) error {
+				close(started)
+				<-c.Context().Done()
+				close(canceled)
+				<-release
+				if closed.Load() != 0 {
+					t.Error("dependency closed during cancellation cleanup")
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+			l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+			done := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() { done <- a.ServeContext(ctx, l) }()
+			client := &http.Client{Timeout: 3 * time.Second, Transport: &http.Transport{TLSClientConfig: tlsClient, ForceAttemptHTTP2: true}}
+			defer client.CloseIdleConnections()
+			requestDone := make(chan struct{})
+			go func() {
+				defer close(requestDone)
+				res, err := client.Get("https://" + l.Addr().String() + "/work")
+				if err == nil {
+					io.Copy(io.Discard, res.Body)
+					res.Body.Close()
+				}
+			}()
+			await(t, started)
+			cancel()
+			await(t, canceled)
+			if closed.Load() != 0 {
+				t.Fatal("dependency closed on cancellation")
+			}
+			select {
+			case err := <-done:
+				t.Fatal("returned before handler cleanup", err)
+			default:
+			}
+			// Even an in-memory invocation through Engine must now be rejected.
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			a.Engine().ServeHTTP(w, httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/work", nil))
+			if w.Code != 503 {
+				t.Fatal(w.Code)
+			}
+			unblock()
+			select {
+			case err := <-done:
+				if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) || errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+				t.Fatal("shutdown stuck")
+			}
+			await(t, requestDone)
+			if closed.Load() != 1 {
+				t.Fatal("cleanup count", closed.Load())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExternalServingEntriesRetainActiveResources(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, entry := range []string{"App", "Engine", "NewServer", "RunWith"} {
+		t.Run(entry, func(t *testing.T) {
+			a := New(config.WithHTTPConfig(config.HTTPConfig{ShutdownCancelTimeout: 30 * time.Millisecond}))
+			started, release, returned := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
+			var closed atomic.Int32
+			a.OnShutdown(func() error { closed.Add(1); return nil })
+			a.GET("/", func(*httpx.Context) error {
+				close(started)
+				<-release
+				if closed.Load() != 0 {
+					t.Error("closed while active")
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+			var h http.Handler = a
+			if entry == "Engine" {
+				h = a.Engine()
+			}
+			if entry == "NewServer" {
+				h = a.NewServer("").Handler
+			}
+			invoke := func(h http.Handler) {
+				defer close(returned)
+				h.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil))
+			}
+			defer func() { close(release); await(t, returned) }()
+			var err error
+			if entry == "RunWith" {
+				err = a.RunWith(context.Background(), runnerFunc(func(_ context.Context, h http.Handler, _ string) error { go invoke(h); await(t, started); return nil }))
+			} else {
+				go invoke(h)
+				await(t, started)
+				err = a.Close()
+			}
+			if !errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) || closed.Load() != 0 {
+				t.Fatal("retention failed", err, closed.Load())
+			}
+			if err = a.Close(); !errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) {
+				t.Fatal("repeat close lost retention", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRequestAdmissionAndCloseRace(t *testing.T) {
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < 20; attempt++ {
+		a := New()
+		var closed atomic.Bool
+		a.OnShutdown(func() error { closed.Store(true); return nil })
+		a.GET("/", func(c *httpx.Context) error {
+			if closed.Load() {
+				t.Error("handler admitted after resource release")
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		start := make(chan struct{})
+		var wg sync.WaitGroup
+		for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+			wg.Add(1)
+			go func() {
+				defer wg.Done()
+				<-start
+				a.ServeHTTP(httptest.NewRecorder(), httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil))
+			}()
+		}
+		close(start)
+		if err := a.Close(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		wg.Wait()
+	}
+}
--- a/app/router.go
+++ b/app/router.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import (
 )

 func (a *App) handle(routes httpx.RouterGroup, method, path string, handler httpx.Handler, middleware []httpx.Middleware) {
-	routes.Handle(method, path, a.adapt(handler, middleware...))
+	routes.Handle(method, path, a.bodyHandler(a.defaultBodyLimit(), nil, handler, middleware...))
 }

 func (a *App) adapt(handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) http.Handler {
@@ -28,6 +28,9 @@ func (a *App) adaptResponse(encoder response.Encoder, handler httpx.Handler, mid
 		}
 	}
 	return http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		if a.config.LanguagePolicy != nil {
+			request = a.config.LanguagePolicy.Apply(writer, request)
+		}
 		request = request.WithContext(logx.WithLogger(contract.WithRequestPolicy(request.Context(), a.config.Request), a.config.LogInstance))
 		if len(a.config.TrustedProxies) > 0 {
 			request = request.WithContext(httpx.WithClientIPResolver(request.Context(), a.clientIPResolver))
@@ -40,6 +43,7 @@ func (a *App) adaptResponse(encoder response.Encoder, handler httpx.Handler, mid
 			requestContext.SetErrorRegistry(provider.ErrorRegistry())
 		}
 		requestContext.SetResponseEncoder(encoder)
+		requestContext.SetErrorLocalizer(a.config.ErrorLocalizer)
 		defer func() { httpx.CleanupMultipart(requestContext.Request()) }()
 		if err := wrapped(requestContext); err != nil {
 			a.writeError(requestContext, err)
@@ -58,7 +62,7 @@ func (a *App) HandleWithResponse(method, path string, encoder response.Encoder,
 	if encoder == nil {
 		encoder = a.responseEncoder
 	}
-	a.router.Handle(method, path, a.adaptResponse(encoder, handler, middleware...))
+	a.router.Handle(method, path, a.bodyHandler(a.defaultBodyLimit(), encoder, handler, middleware...))
 }

 func (a *App) GET(path string, handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) {
@@ -82,18 +86,19 @@ func (a *App) DELETE(path string, handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...httpx.Mid
 }

 func (a *App) Any(path string, handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) {
-	a.router.Any(path, a.adapt(handler, middleware...))
+	a.router.Any(path, a.bodyHandler(a.defaultBodyLimit(), nil, handler, middleware...))
 }

 // RouterGroup scopes a route prefix and optional middleware.
 type RouterGroup struct {
+	prefix      string
 	group       httpx.RouterGroup
 	app         *App
 	middlewares []httpx.Middleware
 }

 func (a *App) Group(path string, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) *RouterGroup {
-	return &RouterGroup{group: a.router.Group(path), app: a, middlewares: middleware}
+	return &RouterGroup{group: a.router.Group(path), app: a, middlewares: middleware, prefix: joinRoutePath("", path)}
 }

 func (g *RouterGroup) Use(middleware ...httpx.Middleware) *RouterGroup {
@@ -104,7 +109,7 @@ func (g *RouterGroup) Use(middleware ...httpx.Middleware) *RouterGroup {
 func (g *RouterGroup) Group(path string, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) *RouterGroup {
 	combined := append([]httpx.Middleware{}, g.middlewares...)
 	combined = append(combined, middleware...)
-	return &RouterGroup{group: g.group.Group(path), app: g.app, middlewares: combined}
+	return &RouterGroup{group: g.group.Group(path), app: g.app, middlewares: combined, prefix: joinRoutePath(g.prefix, path)}
 }

 func (g *RouterGroup) route(method, path string, handler httpx.Handler, middleware []httpx.Middleware) {
@@ -124,7 +129,7 @@ func (g *RouterGroup) HandleWithResponse(method, path string, encoder response.E
 	}
 	combined := append([]httpx.Middleware{}, g.middlewares...)
 	combined = append(combined, middleware...)
-	g.group.Handle(method, path, g.app.adaptResponse(encoder, handler, combined...))
+	g.group.Handle(method, path, g.app.bodyHandler(g.app.defaultBodyLimit(), encoder, handler, combined...))
 }

 func (g *RouterGroup) GET(path string, handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) {
@@ -150,5 +155,5 @@ func (g *RouterGroup) DELETE(path string, handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...h
 func (g *RouterGroup) Any(path string, handler httpx.Handler, middleware ...httpx.Middleware) {
 	combined := append([]httpx.Middleware{}, g.middlewares...)
 	combined = append(combined, middleware...)
-	g.group.Any(path, g.app.adapt(handler, combined...))
+	g.group.Any(path, g.app.bodyHandler(g.app.defaultBodyLimit(), nil, handler, combined...))
 }
--- a/app/transport.go
+++ b/app/transport.go
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/httplimits"
 	h2transport "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/transport/http2"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/transport/native"
 )

 // ServeContext serves a caller-created listener using the configured transport
 // and TLS. App takes ownership of the listener, including on startup failure,
-// and runs resource cleanup after the server has stopped.
+// and runs resource cleanup only after admitted handlers have returned.
 func (a *App) ServeContext(ctx context.Context, listener net.Listener) (runErr error) {
 	defer func() { runErr = shutdownResult(ctx, runErr) }()
 	if listener == nil {
@@ -30,6 +31,8 @@ func (a *App) ServeContext(ctx context.Context, listener net.Listener) (runErr e
 		_ = listener.Close()
 		return a.Close()
 	}
+	stopWatching := a.watchShutdown(ctx)
+	defer stopWatching()
 	serve, err := a.prepareTransport()
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = listener.Close()
@@ -39,6 +42,9 @@ func (a *App) ServeContext(ctx context.Context, listener net.Listener) (runErr e
 }

 func (a *App) prepareTransport() (func(context.Context, net.Listener) error, error) {
+	if err := a.ValidateHTTP(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	if err := a.config.ValidateTransport(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -57,6 +63,9 @@ func (a *App) prepareTransport() (func(context.Context, net.Listener) error, err
 	switch a.config.Transport {
 	case config.TransportNative:
 		server := native.New(a)
+		// App enforces the service/route policy after routing. Keep only the
+		// supported framing ceiling here, never a hidden smaller transport cap.
+		server.MaxBodyBytes = httplimits.MaxBodyBytes
 		server.ShutdownTimeout = shutdownTimeout
 		cfg := a.config.HTTP
 		if cfg.ReadHeaderTimeout > 0 {
@@ -82,6 +91,7 @@ func (a *App) prepareTransport() (func(context.Context, net.Listener) error, err
 		return server.Serve, nil
 	case config.TransportHTTP2:
 		server := h2transport.New(a)
+		server.MaxBodyBytes = httplimits.MaxBodyBytes
 		server.ShutdownTimeout = shutdownTimeout
 		if a.config.HTTP.IdleTimeout > 0 {
 			server.IdleTimeout = a.config.HTTP.IdleTimeout
--- a/app/transport_test.go
+++ b/app/transport_test.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/testutil"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
 )

 func TestConfiguredTransportLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
@@ -269,7 +270,9 @@ func TestConfiguredShutdownDoesNotWaitForUncooperativeHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, transport := range []string{config.TransportNetHTTP, config.TransportNative, config.TransportHTTP2} {
 		t.Run(transport, func(t *testing.T) {
 			cert, key, tlsClient := testutil.CertificateFiles(t)
-			application := New(config.WithTransport(transport), config.WithTLS(cert, key), config.WithShutdownTimeout(80*time.Millisecond))
+			application := New(config.WithTransport(transport), config.WithTLS(cert, key), config.WithShutdownTimeout(80*time.Millisecond), config.WithHTTPConfig(config.HTTPConfig{ShutdownCancelTimeout: 40 * time.Millisecond}))
+			var cleaned atomic.Int32
+			application.OnShutdown(func() error { cleaned.Add(1); return nil })
 			started := make(chan context.Context, 1)
 			release, finished := make(chan struct{}), make(chan struct{})
 			application.GET("/blocked", func(ctx *httpx.Context) error {
@@ -304,11 +307,17 @@ func TestConfiguredShutdownDoesNotWaitForUncooperativeHandler(t *testing.T) {
 				close(release)
 				t.Fatal("handler did not start")
 			}
-			defer func() { close(release); await(t, finished) }()
+			defer func() {
+				close(release)
+				await(t, finished)
+				if err := application.Close(); !errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) || cleaned.Load() != 0 {
+					t.Fatalf("late handler return must not trigger cleanup: %v count=%d", err, cleaned.Load())
+				}
+			}()
 			cancel()
 			select {
 			case err := <-done:
-				if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) || !errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) || cleaned.Load() != 0 {
 					t.Fatalf("shutdown: %v", err)
 				}
 			case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
--- a/cmd/go-omni/README.md
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 # go-omni CLI

+v0.28.1 的 `workspace generate/check` 支持 API 与通用工程混合处理。每个 services 项可指定 `kind: api | project`，省略时按工程清单识别，旧 API 配置继续有效。format 只处理 API 契约，通用工程显示 SKIP；check 只读并汇总各工程失败。见 [可运行示例](../../examples/mixedWorkspace/README.md)。
+
+v0.28 新增 `project new/generate/check`：生成无 API、无监听端口和无外部服务依赖的通用 Go 程序，配置/日志/生命周期自动装配，项目维护 svc 与 Run。`project generate --dry-run` 预览，`project check` 只读检查；详见 [通用工程指南](../../PROGRAM.md)。
+
+v0.26 新增 `i18n check|export|types|extract`：检查独立语言资源、提取 Go 静态消息引用或已导出的错误目录，导出指定命名空间的前端包和 TypeScript 类型。输入只读，结果写 stdout；动态引用明确报告。完整命令见 [国际化工具链](../../i18n/README.md#cli-提取检查与导出)。`.api errorCatalog` 可声明 translation 引用，旧 runtime 在生成前拒绝，接入时使用当前同版 CLI 与框架。
+
 v0.19 移除结构映射生成：`omni.gen.json` 只保留 Repository 和中间件选项。普通接口直接使用生成 DTO；需要类型转换时用普通 Go 或可选 [copyx](../../COPY.md)。旧 `mappings` / `mappingFiles` 必须按迁移步骤清理，CLI 不会静默删除仍在调用的旧生成文件。

 公共字段组合、中间件工厂和按需 Repository 继续支持，见 [生成能力指南](../../GENERATION.md)。
@@ -8,13 +14,13 @@ v0.16 增加基础类型/动态 JSON 数组返回、OpenAPI 公共引用和 work

 v0.14 新增 `api format [--check]`、`api upgrade [--dry-run|--preview <空目录>|--apply]`，以及 `workspace format|generate|check --file omni.workspace.json`。详见 [通用开发指南](../../DEVELOPMENT.md)。

-新项目采用根目录 `main.go` 与 `internal/config、svc、logic、handler、types`。完整职责、启动扩展、流式接口和生成文件边界见 [项目指南](../../PROJECT.md)。
+API 新项目采用根目录 `main.go` 与 `internal/config、svc、logic、handler、types`。完整职责、启动扩展、流式接口和生成文件边界见 [项目指南](../../PROJECT.md)。

-## 创建项目
+## 创建 API 项目

 ```sh
 # 仓库读取权限与 PATH 配置见根目录 README
-go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.22.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.28.1-preview
 go-omni new --module example.com/hello ./hello

 # 从自己的契约生成；service.api 及其相对 import 文件需要在本地存在
@@ -49,14 +55,14 @@ main、Gen.go、OpenAPI 和 manifest 由生成器维护；业务文件按字节

 ## 版本与迁移

-CLI 与框架依赖固定使用 v0.22.0-preview。远程安装的 CLI 默认把自身版本写入 go.mod，不添加本地 replace；`--framework-version` 可显式指定已发布的兼容版本。仅在开发框架源码时使用本地替换：
+CLI 与框架依赖固定使用 v0.28.1-preview。远程安装的 CLI 默认把自身版本写入 go.mod，不添加本地 replace；`--framework-version` 可显式指定已发布的兼容版本。仅在开发框架源码时使用本地替换：

 ```sh
 # 在 go-omni 源码仓库中执行
 go run ./cmd/go-omni new --module example.com/hello --framework-dir . ../hello
 ```

-当前模板与依赖以 v0.22.0-preview 为基线，继续使用 manifest v2；GORM 可选适配器从 v0.14.1-preview 提供。已有项目使用 [定点升级与预览](../../DEVELOPMENT.md#v013-项目升级)：原始模板可自动替换，含业务修改的基础文件按预览合并；通用清理由 Runtime 负责。独立工具命令不会被删除。受管理项目通过 `.api` 模块导入增加业务，不使用旧 `add` 命令的手动路由装配。
+当前模板与依赖以 v0.28.1-preview 为基线，继续使用 manifest v2；GORM 可选适配器从 v0.14.1-preview 提供。已有项目使用 [定点升级与预览](../../DEVELOPMENT.md#v013-项目升级)：原始模板可自动替换，含业务修改的基础文件按预览合并；通用清理由 Runtime 负责。独立工具命令不会被删除。受管理项目通过 `.api` 模块导入增加业务，不使用旧 `add` 命令的手动路由装配。

 ## 数据库迁移命令

--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/contractMetadata.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/contractMetadata.go
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ func prepareMetadata(original *Spec) (*Spec, error) {
 	for i := range spec.Errors {
 		spec.Errors[i].BusinessCode = normalized.Definitions[spec.Errors[i].Code].Code
 		spec.Errors[i].Params = normalized.Definitions[spec.Errors[i].Code].Params
+		spec.Errors[i].Translation = normalized.Definitions[spec.Errors[i].Code].Translation
 	}
 	if err := validateErrorPolicies(&spec); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/corsConsumer_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/corsConsumer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+package apigen
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestGeneratedCORSConsumer(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_SCAFFOLD_INTEGRATION") != "1" {
+		t.Skip("set GO_OMNI_SCAFFOLD_INTEGRATION=1")
+	}
+	dir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "app")
+	api := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "service.api")
+	writeFile(t, api, "service corsdemo {\n@handler ping\nget /ping\n}\n")
+	o := Options{API: api, Dir: dir, Module: "example.com/corsdemo", FrameworkDir: frameworkRoot(t)}
+	if err := generateManagedTestProject(t, o); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "consumer_test.go"), readFile(t, "testdata/cors/consumer_test.go"))
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "etc/config.yaml"), "server:\n  log:\n    output: discard\n  cors:\n    enabled: true\n    allowedOrigins: [https://web.example]\n    allowedMethods: [GET, POST, PUT]\n    allowedHeaders: [Authorization, Content-Type]\n    maxAge: 10m\n")
+	runConsumerGo(t, dir, "mod", "tidy")
+	runConsumerGo(t, dir, "test", "-race", "-count=1", "./...")
+	runConsumerGo(t, dir, "build", ".")
+	o.API = filepath.Join(dir, "api/service.api")
+	before := snapshot(t, dir)
+	for _, mode := range []string{"dry", "generate", "check"} {
+		o.DryRun = mode == "dry"
+		o.Check = mode == "check"
+		if err := generateManagedTestProject(t, o); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, dir)) {
+		t.Fatal("regeneration changed project files")
+	}
+	if os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_RELEASE_CLI") != "" {
+		cmd := exec.Command("go", "list", "-m", "-json", frameworkModule)
+		cmd.Dir = dir
+		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GOWORK=off")
+		out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err, string(out))
+		}
+		var dependency struct {
+			Version, Sum string
+			Replace      any
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &dependency); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if dependency.Version != os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_RELEASE_VERSION") || dependency.Replace != nil || dependency.Sum == "" {
+			t.Fatal("not a fixed remote consumer")
+		}
+		t.Logf("remote framework %s checksum %s; no local replace", dependency.Version, dependency.Sum)
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/declarations.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/declarations.go
@@ -11,14 +11,15 @@ import (
 // ErrorDefinition declares a public, stable error. Generated constructors return
 // a fresh error each time so WithCause cannot mutate a shared singleton.
 type ErrorDefinition struct {
-	Name         string                `json:"name"`
-	BusinessCode any                   `json:"businessCode,omitempty"`
-	Params       []apierrors.Parameter `json:"params,omitempty"`
-	Catalog      string                `json:"catalog,omitempty"`
-	Status       int                   `json:"status"`
-	Code         string                `json:"code"`
-	Message      string                `json:"message"`
-	Position     string                `json:"-"`
+	Name         string                 `json:"name"`
+	BusinessCode any                    `json:"businessCode,omitempty"`
+	Params       []apierrors.Parameter  `json:"params,omitempty"`
+	Translation  *apierrors.Translation `json:"translation,omitempty"`
+	Catalog      string                 `json:"catalog,omitempty"`
+	Status       int                    `json:"status"`
+	Code         string                 `json:"code"`
+	Message      string                 `json:"message"`
+	Position     string                 `json:"-"`
 }
 type AuthDefinition struct {
 	Name, Type, In, KeyName, Middleware, Description, BearerFormat, Position string
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/errorCatalog.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/errorCatalog.go
@@ -49,11 +49,12 @@ func (p *parser) parseErrorCatalog() error {
 		}
 	}
 	type entry struct {
-		Key     string                `json:"key"`
-		Code    any                   `json:"code"`
-		Message string                `json:"message"`
-		Status  int                   `json:"status"`
-		Params  []apierrors.Parameter `json:"params"`
+		Key         string                 `json:"key"`
+		Code        any                    `json:"code"`
+		Message     string                 `json:"message"`
+		Status      int                    `json:"status"`
+		Params      []apierrors.Parameter  `json:"params"`
+		Translation *apierrors.Translation `json:"translation"`
 	}
 	var entries map[string]entry
 	if err := apierrors.DecodeCatalogJSON([]byte(props["errors"]), &entries); err != nil {
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ func (p *parser) parseErrorCatalog() error {
 		if e.Status == 0 {
 			e.Status = defaultStatus
 		}
-		p.spec.Errors = append(p.spec.Errors, ErrorDefinition{Name: fn, Status: e.Status, Code: e.Key, Message: e.Message, BusinessCode: e.Code, Params: e.Params, Catalog: name, Position: pos})
+		p.spec.Errors = append(p.spec.Errors, ErrorDefinition{Name: fn, Status: e.Status, Code: e.Key, Message: e.Message, BusinessCode: e.Code, Params: e.Params, Translation: e.Translation, Catalog: name, Position: pos})
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ func errorCatalog(spec *Spec, names []string) apierrors.Catalog {
 		if names != nil && !selected[e.Name] {
 			continue
 		}
-		c.Definitions[e.Code] = apierrors.Definition{Status: e.Status, Code: e.BusinessCode, Message: e.Message, Params: e.Params}
+		c.Definitions[e.Code] = apierrors.Definition{Status: e.Status, Code: e.BusinessCode, Message: e.Message, Params: e.Params, Translation: e.Translation}
 	}
 	return c
 }
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/generate.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/generate.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"

+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni/internal/genfs"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni/scaffold"
 	"golang.org/x/mod/modfile"
 	"golang.org/x/mod/module"
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ const frameworkModule = "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"

 // Runtime-only releases need not raise the managed template compatibility floor.
 const minimumVersion = "v0.22.0-preview"
-const currentVersion = "v0.22.0-preview"
+const currentVersion = "v0.28.1-preview"
 const generatedHeader = "// Code generated by go-omni api. DO NOT EDIT.\n"

 type Options struct {
@@ -194,6 +195,13 @@ func generate(o Options, c *Compiled, starter bool) (Output, error) {
 		}
 		seeds["go.mod"] = data
 	}
+	capabilityModule := moduleData
+	if seeded, ok := seeds["go.mod"]; ok {
+		capabilityModule = seeded
+	}
+	if err := checkI18nRuntime(c.Spec, capabilityModule, directory); err != nil {
+		return Output{}, err
+	}
 	if err = module.CheckImportPath(o.Module); err != nil {
 		return Output{}, err
 	}
@@ -338,25 +346,7 @@ func moduleFile(o Options) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 	return []byte(text), nil
 }
-func canonical(path string) string {
-	path, _ = filepath.Abs(path)
-	candidate := path
-	var tail []string
-	for {
-		if resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(candidate); err == nil {
-			for i := len(tail) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-				resolved = filepath.Join(resolved, tail[i])
-			}
-			return resolved
-		}
-		parent := filepath.Dir(candidate)
-		if parent == candidate {
-			return path
-		}
-		tail = append(tail, filepath.Base(candidate))
-		candidate = parent
-	}
-}
+func canonical(path string) string { return genfs.Canonical(path) }

 func renderProject(o Options, c *Compiled, starter bool) (map[string][]byte, map[string][]byte, error) {
 	generated, seeds := map[string][]byte{}, map[string][]byte{}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/i18nVersion.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/i18nVersion.go
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+package apigen
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+
+	"golang.org/x/mod/modfile"
+	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
+)
+
+// Translation metadata was introduced in this release. Consumers of older
+// runtimes must upgrade or use an explicitly supported local replacement.
+const i18nMinimumVersion = "v0.26.0-preview"
+
+func checkI18nRuntime(spec *Spec, moduleData []byte, directory string) error {
+	needed := false
+	for _, e := range spec.Errors {
+		needed = needed || e.Translation != nil
+	}
+	if !needed {
+		return nil
+	}
+	mf, err := modfile.Parse("go.mod", moduleData, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	version := ""
+	for _, r := range mf.Require {
+		if r.Mod.Path == frameworkModule {
+			version = r.Mod.Version
+		}
+	}
+	for _, r := range mf.Replace {
+		if r.Old.Path != frameworkModule || r.Old.Version != "" && r.Old.Version != version {
+			continue
+		}
+		if r.New.Version != "" {
+			version = r.New.Version
+			continue
+		}
+		root := r.New.Path
+		if !filepath.IsAbs(root) {
+			root = filepath.Join(directory, root)
+		}
+		data, e := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, "errors", "localization.go"))
+		if e == nil && strings.Contains(string(data), "type Translation struct") {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("translation metadata requires a local framework with errors.Translation support")
+	}
+	if semver.Compare(version, i18nMinimumVersion) < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("translation metadata requires %s or newer; use --framework-dir for unpublished source", i18nMinimumVersion)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/i18n_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/i18n_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package apigen
+
+import (
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestI18nTranslationMetadataAndVersionBoundary(t *testing.T) {
+	spec, err := Parse(filepath.Join(frameworkRoot(t), "examples/contracts/i18n.api"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	compiled, err := Compile(spec)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ref := compiled.Spec.Errors[0].Translation
+	if ref == nil || ref.Namespace != "limits" || ref.Key != "exceeded" {
+		t.Fatal(ref)
+	}
+	if err := checkI18nRuntime(spec, []byte("module example.com/test\ngo 1.22\nrequire "+frameworkModule+" v0.25.0-preview\n"), t.TempDir()); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("old runtime accepted")
+	}
+	generated, _, err := renderProject(Options{Module: "example.com/test"}, compiled, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(string(generated["internal/apierrors/errorsGen.go"]), "translation") || !strings.Contains(string(generated["docs/openapi.json"]), "translation") {
+		t.Fatal("translation metadata lost")
+	}
+	bad := readFile(t, filepath.Join(frameworkRoot(t), "examples/contracts/i18n.api"))
+	bad = strings.Replace(bad, `"namespace":"limits"`, `"namespace":""`, 1)
+	parsed, err := parseText(t, bad)
+	if err == nil {
+		_, err = Compile(parsed)
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid translation reference accepted")
+	}
+}
+func TestI18nGeneratedConsumer(t *testing.T) { testCatalogConsumer(t, "i18n.api", "i18n") }
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/templates.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/templates.go
@@ -30,12 +30,12 @@ func main(){
 func run(ctx context.Context,path string)(runErr error){
 cfg,err:=config.Load(path);if err!=nil{return err}
 logger,err:=logx.New(cfg.Server.Log);if err!=nil{return err}
- // Unjoined background work may still log. The owning process exits on this
+ // Unjoined HTTP or background work may still log. The owning process exits on this
 // error; do not close its borrowed logger before that work has finished.
 defer func(){if !errors.Is(runErr,lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained){runErr=errors.Join(runErr,logger.Close())}}()
 deps,err:=svc.New(ctx,logger,cfg);if err!=nil{return err}
- // RunContext drains HTTP requests before returning. This scope owns dependencies
- // and closes them exactly once, before closing the borrowed logger.
+ // Finish propagates incomplete HTTP draining: stop background work but retain
+ // shared dependencies when any handler is still running. Otherwise close once.
 defer func(){runErr=deps.Finish(runErr)}()
 app,err:=handler.NewApp(deps);if err!=nil{return err}
 defer func(){runErr=errors.Join(runErr,app.Close())}()
@@ -60,7 +60,12 @@ Unimplemented/nil factories fail startup and clean registered dependencies.
 Existing projects retain middleware: handlers until explicitly migrated.
 Ordinary Logic uses the generated Request/Response types directly. Where an
 independent business type is needed, use ordinary Go or the optional copyx package.
-Configuration loading is generator-managed in internal/config/loadGen.go. Extend fields/defaults/Validate in config.go; additional decoders belong in loader.go/NewLoader. JSON/YAML/XML use explicit ${NAME} / ${NAME:-fallback} references; fixed values are never overridden by inferred environment names. Use -check-config to validate without opening dependencies. See the framework CONFIG.md.
+Configuration loading is generator-managed in internal/config/loadGen.go. Extend fields/defaults/Validate in config.go; additional decoders belong in loader.go/NewLoader. JSON/YAML/XML use explicit ${NAME} / ${NAME:-fallback} references; fixed values are never overridden by inferred environment names. Use -check-config to validate without opening dependencies. Framework validation
+identifies fields such as server.log.level and database.port. server.log.timeZone
+optionally selects a per-logger IANA zone. Optional server.cors is loaded and installed
+automatically before routing/authentication; disabled by default. Configure allowedOrigins,
+allowedMethods and allowedHeaders in the selected file; no main/handler edits.
+See the framework CONFIG.md and cors/README.md.

 There are no mappings/mappingFiles settings or generated mapping files in v0.19.
 See COPY.md in the framework repository for copy policies and migration steps,
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/configuration/consumer_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/configuration/consumer_test.go
@@ -91,3 +91,23 @@ func TestConfigurationCheckProcess(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err, string(out))
 	}
 }
+
+func TestGeneratedModuleFieldDiagnostic(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.yaml")
+	t.Setenv("EXAMPLE_LOG_LEVEL", "invalid-private-level")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("server:\n  log:\n    level: '${EXAMPLE_LOG_LEVEL}'\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := run(context.Background(), path)
+	var d *omniConfig.Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Field != "server.log.level" || d.Line != 3 || d.Env != "EXAMPLE_LOG_LEVEL" || !strings.Contains(d.Reason, "debug") || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid-private-level") {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("server:\n  log:\n    timeZone: Asia/Shanghai\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cfg, err := config.Load(path)
+	if err != nil || cfg.Server.Log.TimeZone != "Asia/Shanghai" {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/cors/consumer_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/cors/consumer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"example.com/corsdemo/internal/config"
+	"example.com/corsdemo/internal/handler"
+	"example.com/corsdemo/internal/svc"
+	omniConfig "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
+)
+
+func TestGeneratedCORSConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg, err := config.Load("etc/config.yaml")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	logger, err := logx.New(cfg.Server.Log)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer logger.Close()
+	deps, err := svc.New(context.Background(), logger, cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer deps.Close()
+	a, err := handler.NewApp(deps)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer a.Close()
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		method, path string
+		status       int
+	}{{"GET", "/ping", 501}, {"GET", "/missing", 404}, {"PUT", "/ping", 405}, {"GET", "/health/live", 200}, {"GET", "/health/ready", 200}, {"GET", "/openapi.json", 200}, {"OPTIONS", "/ping", 204}} {
+		r := httptest.NewRequest(tc.method, tc.path, nil)
+		r.Header.Set("Origin", "https://web.example")
+		if tc.method == "OPTIONS" {
+			r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Method", "GET")
+			r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Headers", "authorization")
+		}
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		a.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		if w.Code != tc.status || w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") != "https://web.example" {
+			t.Fatal(tc, w.Code, w.Header(), w.Body.String())
+		}
+		if tc.status == 204 && (w.Body.Len() != 0 || w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Max-Age") != "600") {
+			t.Fatal(w)
+		}
+	}
+	// Startup config validation uses the normal generated run/Load, before log
+	// files or dependencies. No changes to generated main/HTTP composition.
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "invalid.yaml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("server:\n  cors:\n    enabled: true\n    allowedOrigins: ['*']\n    allowCredentials: true\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err = run(context.Background(), path)
+	var d *omniConfig.Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Field != "server.cors.allowedOrigins[0]" || !strings.Contains(d.Reason, "allowCredentials") {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/i18n/consumer_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/i18n/consumer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+package main_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"example.com/errorCatalog/internal/apierrors"
+	"example.com/errorCatalog/internal/handler"
+	"example.com/errorCatalog/internal/svc"
+	omni "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n/errori18n"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n/httpi18n"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
+)
+
+func TestGeneratedTranslationAndParameterCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
+	catalog := apierrors.Catalog()
+	source, err := errori18n.Source(catalog, "en")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	source = append(source, i18n.Document{Version: 1, Locale: "zh-Hans", Namespace: "limits", Messages: map[string]i18n.Message{"exceeded": {Value: i18n.Pattern{Text: "上限：{max}"}}}})
+	b, err := i18n.New(i18n.Config{SourceLocale: "en", DefaultLocale: "en", Locales: []string{"en", "zh-Hans"}}, source...)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	p, err := httpi18n.New(b)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	lc := logx.Default()
+	lc.Writer = io.Discard
+	logger, err := logx.New(lc)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer logger.Close()
+	deps, err := svc.New(context.Background(), logger)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer deps.Close()
+	a := omni.New(omni.WithLanguagePolicy(p), omni.WithErrorLocalizer(errori18n.New(b, nil)))
+	defer a.Close()
+	a.Use(func(next httpx.Handler) httpx.Handler {
+		return func(c *httpx.Context) error { return apierrors.LimitExceeded(9223372036854775807) }
+	})
+	if err := handler.RegisterRoutes(a, deps); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/value", nil)
+	r.Header.Set("Accept-Language", "zh-CN")
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	a.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	var body map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &body); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if w.Code != 200 || body["detail"] != "上限：9223372036854775807" || body["code"] != float64(400001) || body["ok"] != false {
+		t.Fatal(w.Code, body)
+	}
+	if apierrors.LimitExceeded(5).Message != "Limit: 5" {
+		t.Fatal("non-HTTP constructor changed")
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/client.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/client.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 )

 var Opened, Closed, DownloadClosed atomic.Int32
+var SlowReturned atomic.Int32
 var Started = make(chan struct{}, 1)
 var Release = make(chan struct{})
 var Current atomic.Pointer[ServiceContext]
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/operations.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/operations.go
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ type countedReader struct{ io.Reader }

 func (c *countedReader) Close() error { svc.DownloadClosed.Add(1); return nil }
 func (l *Logic) Slow(context.Context) (*types.Receipt, error) {
+	defer svc.SlowReturned.Add(1)
 	before := svc.Closed.Load()
 	svc.Started <- struct{}{}
 	<-svc.Release
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/shutdown_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/shutdown_test.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"example.com/managed/internal/handler"
 	"example.com/managed/internal/svc"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/health"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
 )

@@ -229,3 +230,80 @@ func TestGeneratedEndpointConflictCleansUp(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("collision leaked resources or started serving", err)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestGeneratedIncompleteHTTPDrainRetainsDependencies(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, transport := range []string{"nethttp", "native"} {
+		t.Run(transport, func(t *testing.T) {
+			l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			address := l.Addr().String()
+			l.Close()
+			path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+			logFile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "service.log")
+			data, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"server": map[string]any{"address": address, "transport": transport, "shutdownTimeout": "30ms", "http": map[string]string{"shutdownCancelTimeout": "30ms"}, "log": map[string]any{"file": logFile, "rotation": map[string]any{"enabled": true}}}})
+			if err = os.WriteFile(path, data, 0600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			svc.Started = make(chan struct{}, 1)
+			svc.Release = make(chan struct{})
+			before := svc.Closed.Load()
+			returned := svc.SlowReturned.Load()
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+			done := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() { done <- run(ctx, path) }()
+			waitReady(t, "http://"+address, done)
+			client := &http.Client{Timeout: 3 * time.Second}
+			defer client.CloseIdleConnections()
+			requestDone := make(chan struct{})
+			go func() {
+				defer close(requestDone)
+				res, err := client.Get("http://" + address + "/slow")
+				if err == nil {
+					io.Copy(io.Discard, res.Body)
+					res.Body.Close()
+				}
+			}()
+			await(t, svc.Started)
+			// Capture the channel, because a later test installs its own fixture.
+			release := svc.Release
+			deps := svc.Current.Load()
+			defer func() {
+				close(release)
+				deadline := time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second)
+				for svc.SlowReturned.Load() == returned {
+					if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+						t.Error("handler did not exit after test release")
+						break
+					}
+					time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)
+				}
+				// The test owns the controlled handler and has now joined it.
+				_ = deps.Logger.Close()
+			}()
+			cancel()
+			select {
+			case err = <-done:
+				if !errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) || !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+				t.Fatal("unbounded HTTP shutdown")
+			}
+			if err = deps.Close(); !errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) {
+				t.Fatal("deferred Close bypassed retention", err)
+			}
+			if svc.Closed.Load() != before {
+				t.Fatal("generated main closed client during active request")
+			}
+			deps.Logger.Info("retained.http.logger")
+			logs, err := os.ReadFile(logFile)
+			if err != nil || !strings.Contains(string(logs), "retained.http.logger") {
+				t.Fatal("generated main closed logger during active request", err, string(logs))
+			}
+			await(t, requestDone)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/workspace.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/workspace.go
@@ -3,15 +3,18 @@ package apigen
 import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	apierrors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni/projectgen"
+	apierrors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
 )

 type WorkspaceService struct {
 	Dir    string `json:"dir"`
+	Kind   string `json:"kind,omitempty"`
 	API    string `json:"api,omitempty"`
 	Module string `json:"module,omitempty"`
 }
@@ -19,10 +22,14 @@ type WorkspaceConfig struct {
 	Services      []WorkspaceService `json:"services"`
 	ErrorCatalogs []WorkspaceCatalog `json:"errorCatalogs,omitempty"`
 }
+type workspaceTarget struct {
+	dir, kind, module, entry string
+	err                      error
+}

-// Workspace operates independent Go modules listed in an explicit local file.
-// All projects are preflighted before generate/format writes. Each generator
-// transaction is atomic within its project; no cross-module transaction is promised.
+// Workspace dispatches to each independent project's generator. Directory/schema
+// validation precedes any providers; all targets are preflighted before writes.
+// Transactions remain per-project, not crash-atomic across the workspace.
 func Workspace(path, command string, w io.Writer) error {
 	if command != "generate" && command != "check" && command != "format" {
 		return errors.New("workspace command must be generate, check or format")
@@ -53,8 +60,8 @@ func Workspace(path, command string, w io.Writer) error {
 		return errors.New("workspace must list 1..64 services")
 	}
 	root := canonical(filepath.Dir(real))
-	var options []Options
 	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	// Validate the entire workspace boundary before resolving or running any target.
 	for _, service := range cfg.Services {
 		if service.Dir == "" || service.Dir == "." {
 			return errors.New("workspace requires distinct relative service directories")
@@ -62,27 +69,26 @@ func Workspace(path, command string, w io.Writer) error {
 		if err = safePath(root, service.Dir+"/.goOmniWorkspaceCheck"); err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		dir := filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(service.Dir))
-		key := strings.ToLower(dir)
+		key := strings.ToLower(filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(service.Dir)))
 		for prior := range seen {
 			if prior == key || strings.HasPrefix(key, prior+string(filepath.Separator)) || strings.HasPrefix(prior, key+string(filepath.Separator)) {
 				return errors.New("workspace service directories overlap")
 			}
 		}
 		seen[key] = true
-		entry := service.API
-		if entry == "" {
-			entry, err = ProjectEntry(dir)
-		} else {
-			if err = safePath(dir, entry); err != nil {
-				return err
+	}
+	targets := make([]workspaceTarget, 0, len(cfg.Services))
+	for _, service := range cfg.Services {
+		t := workspaceTarget{dir: filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(service.Dir)), module: service.Module}
+		t.kind, t.err = workspaceKind(t.dir, service.Kind, service.API)
+		if t.err == nil && t.kind == "api" {
+			if service.API == "" {
+				t.entry, t.err = ProjectEntry(t.dir)
+			} else if t.err = safePath(t.dir, service.API); t.err == nil {
+				t.entry = filepath.Join(t.dir, filepath.FromSlash(service.API))
 			}
-			entry = filepath.Join(dir, entry)
 		}
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		options = append(options, Options{API: entry, Dir: dir, Module: service.Module, DryRun: true})
+		targets = append(targets, t)
 	}
 	var catalogs map[string][]byte
 	if command != "format" {
@@ -90,26 +96,41 @@ func Workspace(path, command string, w io.Writer) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		for i := range options {
-			options[i].documentCatalogs = catalogs
-		}
 	}
 	var failures error
-	for _, o := range options {
-		if command == "format" {
-			spec, e := Parse(o.API)
-			if e == nil {
-				_, e = Compile(spec)
-			}
-			err = e
+	report := func(t workspaceTarget, e error) {
+		if e != nil {
+			failures = errors.Join(failures, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", t.dir, e))
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "FAIL %s: %v\n", t.dir, e)
+		} else if command == "format" && t.kind == "project" {
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "SKIP %s (project has no API contract to format)\n", t.dir)
 		} else {
-			_, err = Generate(o)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, "OK   %s\n", t.dir)
 		}
-		if err != nil {
-			failures = errors.Join(failures, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", o.Dir, err))
+	}
+	if command == "check" {
+		// Each generator checks its own manifest and managed outputs. An invalid
+		// project must not suppress diagnostics for another independent project.
+		for _, t := range targets {
+			report(t, runWorkspaceTarget(t, command, false, catalogs))
+		}
+		return failures
+	}
+	for i := range targets {
+		t := &targets[i]
+		t.err = runWorkspaceTarget(*t, command, true, catalogs)
+	}
+	for _, t := range targets {
+		if t.err != nil {
+			report(t, t.err)
 		}
 	}
 	if failures != nil {
+		for _, t := range targets {
+			if t.err == nil {
+				fmt.Fprintf(w, "SKIP %s (workspace preflight failed; no changes applied)\n", t.dir)
+			}
+		}
 		return failures
 	}
 	if command == "generate" {
@@ -119,26 +140,79 @@ func Workspace(path, command string, w io.Writer) error {
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	for _, o := range options {
-		switch command {
-		case "format":
-			_, err = FormatProject(o.API, false)
-		case "generate":
-			o.DryRun = false
-			_, err = Generate(o)
-		case "check":
-			_, fmtErr := FormatProject(o.API, true)
-			o.DryRun = false
-			o.Check = true
-			_, genErr := Generate(o)
-			err = errors.Join(fmtErr, genErr)
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			failures = errors.Join(failures, fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", o.Dir, err))
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "FAIL %s\n", o.Dir)
-		} else {
-			fmt.Fprintf(w, "OK   %s\n", o.Dir)
-		}
+	for _, t := range targets {
+		report(t, runWorkspaceTarget(t, command, false, catalogs))
 	}
 	return failures
 }
+
+// An explicit API entry remains supported before the first API generation.
+// Without manifests, omitted kind preserves the previous API interpretation.
+// Manifests of both kinds or a conflicting declaration never silently choose one.
+func workspaceKind(dir, kind, entry string) (string, error) {
+	if kind != "" && kind != "api" && kind != "project" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("unknown workspace kind %q; expected api or project", kind)
+	}
+	detected := ""
+	for _, candidate := range []struct{ kind, path string }{{"api", manifestPath}, {"project", ".goOmni/projectManifest.json"}} {
+		if err := safePath(dir, candidate.path); err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+		if _, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(dir, candidate.path)); err == nil {
+			if detected != "" {
+				return "", errors.New("ambiguous project: both API and project manifests exist")
+			}
+			detected = candidate.kind
+		} else if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	if kind != "" && detected != "" && kind != detected {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("workspace kind %q conflicts with %s manifest", kind, detected)
+	}
+	if kind == "" {
+		kind = detected
+	}
+	if kind == "" {
+		kind = "api"
+	}
+	if kind == "project" && entry != "" {
+		return "", errors.New("workspace project kind does not accept an api entry")
+	}
+	return kind, nil
+}
+
+func runWorkspaceTarget(t workspaceTarget, command string, preview bool, catalogs map[string][]byte) error {
+	if t.err != nil {
+		return t.err
+	}
+	if t.kind == "project" {
+		if command == "format" {
+			return nil
+		}
+		_, err := projectgen.Generate(projectgen.Options{Dir: t.dir, Module: t.module, DryRun: preview, Check: command == "check"})
+		return err
+	}
+	o := Options{API: t.entry, Dir: t.dir, Module: t.module, DryRun: preview, documentCatalogs: catalogs}
+	switch command {
+	case "format":
+		if preview {
+			spec, err := Parse(t.entry)
+			if err == nil {
+				_, err = Compile(spec)
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err := FormatProject(t.entry, false)
+		return err
+	case "generate":
+		_, err := Generate(o)
+		return err
+	case "check":
+		_, formatErr := FormatProject(t.entry, true)
+		o.Check = true
+		_, generateErr := Generate(o)
+		return errors.Join(formatErr, generateErr)
+	}
+	return errors.New("unsupported workspace command")
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/workspaceCatalog_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/workspaceCatalog_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni/projectgen"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ import (

 func TestWorkspaceSharedGoCatalog(t *testing.T) {
 	root := t.TempDir()
-	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(root, "go.mod"), fmt.Sprintf("module example.com/catalogs\n\ngo 1.24.0\nrequire %s v0.15.0-preview\nreplace %s => %s\n", frameworkModule, frameworkModule, strconvQuote(frameworkRoot(t))))
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(root, "go.mod"), fmt.Sprintf("module example.com/catalogs\n\ngo 1.22.0\nrequire %s v0.15.0-preview\nreplace %s => %s\n", frameworkModule, frameworkModule, strconvQuote(frameworkRoot(t))))
 	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(root, "internal/apierrors/catalog.go"), `package apierrors
 import errors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
 func Catalog() errors.Catalog {return errors.Catalog{DefaultStatus:400,Definitions:map[string]errors.Definition{
@@ -30,8 +31,11 @@ func Catalog() errors.Catalog {return errors.Catalog{DefaultStatus:400,Definitio
 		}
 		writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "api/omni.imports.json"), `{"roots":{"common":{"path":"../../../contracts"}},"errors":{"source":"@common/errors.json","include":["INVALID"],"routes":{"GET /api/greet/:name":["MISSING"]}}}`)
 	}
+	if _, err := projectgen.New(projectgen.Options{Dir: filepath.Join(root, "services/program"), Module: "example.com/program", FrameworkDir: frameworkRoot(t)}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
 	workspace := filepath.Join(root, "omni.workspace.json")
-	writeFile(t, workspace, `{"errorCatalogs":[{"dir":".","package":"example.com/catalogs/internal/apierrors","function":"Catalog","output":"contracts/errors.json"}],"services":[{"dir":"services/api"},{"dir":"services/id"}]}`)
+	writeFile(t, workspace, `{"errorCatalogs":[{"dir":".","package":"example.com/catalogs/internal/apierrors","function":"Catalog","output":"contracts/errors.json"}],"services":[{"dir":"services/api"},{"dir":"services/id"},{"dir":"services/program"}]}`)
 	if err := Workspace(workspace, "generate", io.Discard); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/workspaceMixed_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/workspaceMixed_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+package apigen
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni/projectgen"
+)
+
+func mixedWorkspace(t *testing.T) (string, string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	if _, err := New(Options{Dir: filepath.Join(root, "apps/interface"), Module: "example.com/interface", FrameworkDir: frameworkRoot(t)}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := projectgen.New(projectgen.Options{Dir: filepath.Join(root, "apps/program"), Module: "example.com/program", FrameworkDir: frameworkRoot(t)}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	config := filepath.Join(root, "omni.workspace.json")
+	writeFile(t, config, `{"services":[{"dir":"apps/interface"},{"dir":"apps/program"}]}`)
+	if err := Workspace(config, "format", io.Discard); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := Workspace(config, "generate", io.Discard); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return root, config
+}
+func TestWorkspaceMixedKindsAndReadOnlyCheck(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, explicit := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run(map[bool]string{false: "inferred", true: "explicit"}[explicit], func(t *testing.T) {
+			root, config := mixedWorkspace(t)
+			if explicit {
+				writeFile(t, config, `{"services":[{"dir":"apps/interface","kind":"api","module":"example.com/interface"},{"dir":"apps/program","kind":"project","module":"example.com/program"}]}`)
+			}
+			// Workspaces do not manage the Go toolchain's workspace or dependency files.
+			writeFile(t, filepath.Join(root, "go.work"), "go 1.22.0\nuse (\n ./apps/interface\n ./apps/program\n)\n")
+			writeFile(t, filepath.Join(root, "go.work.sum"), "workspace sums marker\n")
+			for _, dir := range []string{"apps/interface", "apps/program"} {
+				writeFile(t, filepath.Join(root, dir, "go.sum"), "module sums marker\n")
+			}
+			runFile := filepath.Join(root, "apps/program/internal/run/run.go")
+			writeFile(t, runFile, readFile(t, runFile)+"\n// project-owned work\n")
+			before := snapshot(t, root)
+			for _, op := range []string{"check", "generate", "check"} {
+				var output bytes.Buffer
+				if err := Workspace(config, op, &output); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(op, err)
+				}
+				if strings.Count(output.String(), "OK   ") != 2 {
+					t.Fatal(output.String())
+				}
+				if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+					t.Fatal(op, "changed clean workspace or project-owned files")
+				}
+			}
+			// Formatting only touches API contracts, even when project Go has drift.
+			main := filepath.Join(root, "apps/program/main.go")
+			writeFile(t, main, readFile(t, main)+"\n// drift intentionally not formatted\n")
+			before = snapshot(t, root)
+			var output bytes.Buffer
+			if err := Workspace(config, "format", &output); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(output.String(), "SKIP ") || !strings.Contains(output.String(), "apps/program") {
+				t.Fatal(output.String())
+			}
+			if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+				t.Fatal("format changed a plain Go project")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+func TestWorkspaceMixedFailureAggregation(t *testing.T) {
+	root, config := mixedWorkspace(t)
+	for _, dir := range []string{"apps/interface", "apps/program"} {
+		path := filepath.Join(root, dir, "main.go")
+		writeFile(t, path, readFile(t, path)+"\n// manual drift\n")
+	}
+	before := snapshot(t, root)
+	var output bytes.Buffer
+	err := Workspace(config, "check", &output)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "apps/interface") || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "apps/program") || strings.Count(output.String(), "FAIL ") != 2 {
+		t.Fatal(err, output.String())
+	}
+	if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("failed check wrote files")
+	}
+	// Identity failures also keep unrelated project diagnostics.
+	writeFile(t, config, `{"services":[{"dir":"apps/interface","kind":"project"},{"dir":"apps/program"}]}`)
+	output.Reset()
+	before = snapshot(t, root)
+	err = Workspace(config, "check", &output)
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "conflicts") || strings.Count(output.String(), "FAIL ") != 2 {
+		t.Fatal(err, output.String())
+	}
+	if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("identity failure changed workspace")
+	}
+}
+func TestWorkspaceMixedPreflightBeforeAnyWrites(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, broken := range []string{"apps/interface", "apps/program"} {
+		t.Run(broken, func(t *testing.T) {
+			root, config := mixedWorkspace(t)
+			stale := "apps/interface"
+			if stale == broken {
+				stale = "apps/program"
+			}
+			// The first valid generator could repair its missing output, but must not
+			// write if another project's ownership check will fail.
+			if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, stale, "main.go")); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			path := filepath.Join(root, broken, "main.go")
+			writeFile(t, path, readFile(t, path)+"\n// manual change\n")
+			before := snapshot(t, root)
+			var output bytes.Buffer
+			if err := Workspace(config, "generate", &output); err == nil {
+				t.Fatal("bad preflight accepted")
+			}
+			if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+				t.Fatal("partial regeneration before failed preflight")
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(output.String(), "SKIP ") || !strings.Contains(output.String(), "FAIL ") {
+				t.Fatal(output.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	root, config := mixedWorkspace(t)
+	for _, dir := range []string{"apps/interface", "apps/program"} {
+		if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, dir, "main.go")); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := Workspace(config, "generate", io.Discard); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := Workspace(config, "check", io.Discard); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+func TestWorkspaceKindGuardsAndLegacyEntry(t *testing.T) {
+	root, config := mixedWorkspace(t)
+	for _, tc := range []struct{ services, needle string }{
+		{`[{"dir":"apps/program","kind":"worker"}]`, "unknown workspace kind"},
+		{`[{"dir":"apps/program","kind":"api"}]`, "conflicts"},
+		{`[{"dir":"apps/interface","kind":"project"}]`, "conflicts"},
+		{`[{"dir":"apps/program","api":"api/service.api"}]`, "does not accept"},
+		{`[{"dir":"apps/program","kind":"project","api":"api/service.api"}]`, "does not accept"},
+		{`[{"dir":"apps/program","module":"example.com/other"}]`, "module differs"},
+		{`[{"dir":"../outside","kind":"project"}]`, "unsafe"},
+		{`[{"dir":"apps/program"},{"dir":"apps/program/nested","kind":"project"}]`, "overlap"},
+		{`[{"dir":"apps/program","kind":"project","kind":"api"}]`, "duplicate"},
+	} {
+		writeFile(t, config, `{"services":`+tc.services+`}`)
+		before := snapshot(t, root)
+		err := Workspace(config, "check", io.Discard)
+		if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.needle) {
+			t.Fatal(tc.services, err)
+		}
+		if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+			t.Fatal("invalid kind wrote files")
+		}
+	}
+	writeFile(t, config, `{"services":[{"dir":"apps/program"}]}`)
+	other := filepath.Join(root, "apps/program/.goOmni/apiManifest.json")
+	writeFile(t, other, "{}")
+	if err := Workspace(config, "check", io.Discard); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "both API and project") {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Remove(other); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// A malformed manifest must be routed to its owner, never fall back to API.
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(root, "apps/program/.goOmni/projectManifest.json"), "invalid")
+	if err := Workspace(config, "check", io.Discard); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid project manifest") {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// Explicit API entry outside a managed project preserves the original path.
+	legacy := filepath.Join(root, "legacy")
+	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(legacy, "service.api"), "service legacy {\n@handler ping\nget /ping\n}\n")
+	writeFile(t, config, `{"services":[{"dir":"legacy","api":"service.api","module":"example.com/legacy"}]}`)
+	if err := Workspace(config, "generate", io.Discard); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("legacy API entry", err)
+	}
+}
+func TestWorkspaceManifestSymlinkRejected(t *testing.T) {
+	root, config := mixedWorkspace(t)
+	path := filepath.Join(root, "apps/program/.goOmni/projectManifest.json")
+	target := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "manifest.json")
+	writeFile(t, target, readFile(t, path))
+	if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(target, path); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	before := snapshot(t, root)
+	for _, op := range []string{"check", "format", "generate"} {
+		if err := Workspace(config, op, io.Discard); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "symlink") {
+			t.Fatal(op, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("followed symlink")
+	}
+}
+func TestWorkspaceProjectOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	root, config := mixedWorkspace(t)
+	raw, _ := json.Marshal(WorkspaceConfig{Services: []WorkspaceService{{Dir: "apps/program"}}})
+	writeFile(t, config, string(raw))
+	before := snapshot(t, root)
+	for _, op := range []string{"format", "generate", "check"} {
+		if err := Workspace(config, op, io.Discard); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(op, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("plain workspace changed")
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/write.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/write.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni/internal/genfs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"sort"
@@ -244,44 +245,13 @@ func apply(root, module, entry string, generated, seeds map[string][]byte, check
 		}
 		return result, checkErr
 	}
-	// A rollback restores bytes/modes if an ordinary filesystem write fails.
-	// File replacement is atomic; the whole directory is not crash-atomic.
-	var applied []change
+	transaction := make([]genfs.Change, 0, len(changes))
 	for _, c := range changes {
-		if err = safePath(root, c.name); err == nil {
-			current, e := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(c.name)))
-			if c.existed {
-				if e != nil || !bytes.Equal(current, c.before) {
-					err = fmt.Errorf("file changed during generation: %s", c.name)
-				}
-			} else if !errors.Is(e, os.ErrNotExist) {
-				err = fmt.Errorf("file appeared during generation: %s", c.name)
-			}
-		}
-		if err == nil {
-			if c.remove {
-				err = os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(c.name)))
-			} else {
-				err = atomicWrite(root, c.name, c.after, c.mode)
-			}
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			for i := len(applied) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
-				previous := applied[i]
-				var rollback error
-				if previous.existed {
-					rollback = atomicWrite(root, previous.name, previous.before, previous.mode)
-				} else {
-					rollback = os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(previous.name)))
-				}
-				err = errors.Join(err, rollback)
-			}
-			return result, err
-		}
-		applied = append(applied, c)
+		transaction = append(transaction, genfs.Change{Name: c.name, Before: c.before, After: c.after, Existed: c.existed, Remove: c.remove, Mode: c.mode})
 	}
-	return result, nil
+	return result, genfs.Apply(root, transaction)
 }
+
 func digest(data []byte) string { sum := sha256.Sum256(data); return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]) }
 func ownedPath(name string) bool {
 	if name == "internal/config/loadGen.go" {
@@ -298,52 +268,7 @@ func ownedPath(name string) bool {
 	}
 	return strings.HasPrefix(name, "internal/handler/") && strings.HasSuffix(name, "/handlersGen.go")
 }
-func safePath(root, name string) error {
-	if filepath.IsAbs(name) || strings.Contains(name, "\\") || filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(name)) != name || name == "." || strings.HasPrefix(name, "../") {
-		return fmt.Errorf("api: unsafe output path %q", name)
-	}
-	path := root
-	parts := strings.Split(name, "/")
-	for i, part := range parts {
-		path = filepath.Join(path, part)
-		info, err := os.Lstat(path)
-		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
-			continue
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("api: refusing symlink %s", path)
-		}
-		if i < len(parts)-1 && !info.IsDir() {
-			return fmt.Errorf("api: expected directory %s", path)
-		}
-		if i == len(parts)-1 && !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
-			return fmt.Errorf("api: expected regular file %s", path)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
+func safePath(root, name string) error { return genfs.SafePath(root, name) }
 func atomicWrite(root, name string, data []byte, mode os.FileMode) error {
-	target := filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(name))
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(target), 0755); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	f, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Dir(target), ".apiGen-*")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
-	if err = f.Chmod(mode); err == nil {
-		_, err = f.Write(data)
-	}
-	if err == nil {
-		err = f.Sync()
-	}
-	err = errors.Join(err, f.Close())
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return os.Rename(f.Name(), target)
+	return genfs.AtomicWrite(root, name, data, mode)
 }
--- a/cmd/go-omni/i18n.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/i18n.go
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+
+	apierrors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n/errori18n"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n/i18ntool"
+)
+
+type i18nFlags []string
+
+func (v *i18nFlags) String() string { return strings.Join(*v, ",") }
+func (v *i18nFlags) Set(s string) error {
+	if s == "" {
+		return errors.New("empty value")
+	}
+	*v = append(*v, s)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func runI18n(args []string) error { return runI18nTo(args, os.Stdout) }
+func runI18nTo(args []string, w io.Writer) error {
+	if len(args) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("expected check, export, types or extract")
+	}
+	fs := flag.NewFlagSet("i18n "+args[0], flag.ContinueOnError)
+	fs.SetOutput(io.Discard)
+	var resources, namespaces, goFiles i18nFlags
+	configPath := fs.String("config", "", "i18n Config JSON file")
+	locale := fs.String("locale", "", "selected/source locale")
+	catalog := fs.String("catalog", "", "exported errors.Catalog JSON (extract only)")
+	fs.Var(&resources, "resource", "resource JSON file (repeatable)")
+	fs.Var(&namespaces, "namespace", "export namespace (repeatable)")
+	fs.Var(&goFiles, "go", "Go source file (repeatable)")
+	if err := fs.Parse(args[1:]); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if fs.NArg() != 0 {
+		return errors.New("unexpected positional arguments")
+	}
+	encode := func(v any) error { e := json.NewEncoder(w); e.SetIndent("", "  "); return e.Encode(v) }
+	if args[0] == "extract" && *catalog != "" {
+		if len(goFiles) > 0 || len(resources) > 0 || *configPath != "" || len(namespaces) != 1 || *locale == "" {
+			return errors.New("catalog extraction requires --catalog, --locale and exactly one --namespace")
+		}
+		raw, err := readI18nFile(*catalog)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		var c apierrors.Catalog
+		if err := apierrors.DecodeCatalogJSON(raw, &c); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		docs, err := errori18n.Source(errori18n.Bind(c, namespaces[0]), *locale)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, doc := range docs {
+			if doc.Namespace == namespaces[0] {
+				return encode(doc)
+			}
+		}
+		return errors.New("catalog has no messages in the selected namespace")
+	}
+	if *catalog != "" {
+		return errors.New("--catalog is only supported by extract")
+	}
+	if args[0] == "extract" {
+		if len(goFiles) == 0 || len(resources) > 0 || len(namespaces) > 0 || *configPath != "" || *locale != "" {
+			return errors.New("Go extraction requires one or more --go files")
+		}
+		out := i18ntool.Extraction{References: []i18ntool.Reference{}, Findings: []i18ntool.Finding{}}
+		for _, path := range goFiles {
+			raw, err := readI18nFile(path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			result, err := i18ntool.ExtractGo(path, raw)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			out.References = append(out.References, result.References...)
+			out.Findings = append(out.Findings, result.Findings...)
+		}
+		return encode(out)
+	}
+	if args[0] != "check" && args[0] != "export" && args[0] != "types" {
+		return errors.New("expected check, export, types or extract")
+	}
+	if *configPath == "" || len(resources) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("--config and at least one --resource are required")
+	}
+	data, err := readI18nFile(*configPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var cfg i18n.Config
+	if err := i18n.DecodeJSON(data, &cfg); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	docs := []i18n.Document{}
+	total := 0
+	for _, path := range resources {
+		raw, err := readI18nFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		total += len(raw)
+		if total > 4<<20 {
+			return errors.New("resources exceed 4 MiB")
+		}
+		var doc i18n.Document
+		if err := i18n.DecodeJSON(raw, &doc); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: %w", path, err)
+		}
+		docs = append(docs, doc)
+	}
+	bundle, err := i18n.New(cfg, docs...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	switch args[0] {
+	case "export":
+		if len(goFiles) > 0 {
+			return errors.New("--go is only supported by check/extract")
+		}
+		return bundle.Export(w, *locale, namespaces...)
+	case "types":
+		if *locale != "" || len(goFiles) > 0 {
+			return errors.New("types does not accept --locale or --go")
+		}
+		return bundle.TypeScript(w, namespaces...)
+	case "check":
+		if *locale != "" || len(namespaces) > 0 {
+			return errors.New("check validates all configured locales and namespaces")
+		}
+		findings := bundle.Check()
+		for _, path := range goFiles {
+			raw, e := readI18nFile(path)
+			if e != nil {
+				return e
+			}
+			ex, e := i18ntool.ExtractGo(path, raw)
+			if e != nil {
+				return e
+			}
+			for _, r := range ex.References {
+				if _, ok := bundle.Schema(i18n.Ref{Namespace: r.Namespace, Key: r.Key}); !ok {
+					findings = append(findings, i18n.Diagnostic{Kind: "missing", Namespace: r.Namespace, Key: r.Key, Problem: fmt.Sprintf("referenced by %s:%d", r.File, r.Line)})
+				}
+			}
+			for _, f := range ex.Findings {
+				findings = append(findings, i18n.Diagnostic{Kind: "dynamic", Problem: fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d: %s", f.File, f.Line, f.Problem)})
+			}
+		}
+		if err := encode(findings); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(findings) > 0 {
+			return errors.New("internationalization checks failed")
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func readI18nFile(path string) ([]byte, error) {
+	f, err := os.Open(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+	s, err := f.Stat()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !s.Mode().IsRegular() {
+		return nil, errors.New("expected a regular file")
+	}
+	b, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(f, (1<<20)+1))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(b) > 1<<20 {
+		return nil, errors.New("file exceeds 1 MiB")
+	}
+	return b, nil
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/i18n_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/i18n_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n"
+)
+
+func TestI18nCommandsAreReadOnlyAndCheckMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	files := map[string]string{
+		"config.json": `{"sourceLocale":"en","defaultLocale":"en","locales":["en","fr"]}`,
+		"en.json":     `{"version":1,"namespace":"ui","locale":"en","messages":{"hello":{"params":{"type":"string"},"value":{"text":"Hello {type}"}}}}`,
+		"fr.json":     `{"version":1,"namespace":"ui","locale":"fr","messages":{"hello":{"value":{"text":"Bonjour {type}"}}}}`,
+		"use.go":      "package demo\nimport words \"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n\"\nvar key=words.Ref{Namespace:\"ui\",Key:\"hello\"}\n",
+	}
+	for path, data := range files {
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, path), []byte(data), 0600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	base := []string{"--config", filepath.Join(dir, "config.json"), "--resource", filepath.Join(dir, "en.json"), "--resource", filepath.Join(dir, "fr.json")}
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	args := append([]string{"check"}, base...)
+	args = append(args, "--go", filepath.Join(dir, "use.go"))
+	if err := runI18nTo(args, &out); err != nil || strings.TrimSpace(out.String()) != "[]" {
+		t.Fatal(err, out.String())
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+	args = append([]string{"export"}, base...)
+	args = append(args, "--locale", "fr", "--namespace", "ui")
+	if err := runI18nTo(args, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var pack i18n.Pack
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(out.Bytes(), &pack); err != nil || pack.Locale != "fr" || len(pack.Documents) != 2 {
+		t.Fatal(err, pack)
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+	args = append([]string{"types"}, base...)
+	args = append(args, "--namespace", "ui")
+	if err := runI18nTo(args, &out); err != nil || !strings.Contains(out.String(), `"type": string`) {
+		t.Fatal(err, out.String())
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+	if err := runI18nTo([]string{"extract", "--go", filepath.Join(dir, "use.go")}, &out); err != nil || !strings.Contains(out.String(), `"key": "hello"`) {
+		t.Fatal(err, out.String())
+	}
+	for path, want := range files {
+		got, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, path))
+		if string(got) != want {
+			t.Fatal("command mutated", path)
+		}
+	}
+	out.Reset()
+	args = append([]string{"check"}, base[:4]...)
+	if err := runI18nTo(args, &out); err == nil || !strings.Contains(out.String(), "direct translation missing") {
+		t.Fatal(err, out.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestI18nCatalogExtractionPreservesLiteralBraces(t *testing.T) {
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "errors.json")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"definitions":{"FIXED":{"code":1,"message":"${NAME}"}}}`), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var out bytes.Buffer
+	if err := runI18nTo([]string{"extract", "--catalog", path, "--namespace", "errors", "--locale", "en"}, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var d i18n.Document
+	if err := i18n.DecodeJSON(out.Bytes(), &d); err != nil || !d.Messages["FIXED"].Value.Literal || d.Messages["FIXED"].Value.Text != "${NAME}" {
+		t.Fatal(err, d)
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/internal/genfs/files.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/internal/genfs/files.go
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+// Package genfs shares guarded filesystem operations between project generators.
+package genfs
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func SafePath(root, name string) error {
+	if filepath.IsAbs(name) || strings.Contains(name, "\\") || filepath.ToSlash(filepath.Clean(name)) != name || name == "." || strings.HasPrefix(name, "../") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generation: unsafe output path %q", name)
+	}
+	path := root
+	parts := strings.Split(name, "/")
+	for i, part := range parts {
+		path = filepath.Join(path, part)
+		info, err := os.Lstat(path)
+		if errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			return fmt.Errorf("generation: refusing symlink %s", path)
+		}
+		if i < len(parts)-1 && !info.IsDir() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("generation: expected directory %s", path)
+		}
+		if i == len(parts)-1 && !info.Mode().IsRegular() {
+			return fmt.Errorf("generation: expected regular file %s", path)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func AtomicWrite(root, name string, data []byte, mode os.FileMode) error {
+	target := filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(name))
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(target), 0755); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp(filepath.Dir(target), ".omniGen-*")
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer os.Remove(f.Name())
+	if err = f.Chmod(mode); err == nil {
+		_, err = f.Write(data)
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		err = f.Sync()
+	}
+	err = errors.Join(err, f.Close())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return os.Rename(f.Name(), target)
+}
+
+// Change records the preflight snapshot used for conflict detection and rollback.
+type Change struct {
+	Name            string
+	Before, After   []byte
+	Existed, Remove bool
+	Mode            os.FileMode
+}
+
+// Apply replaces individual files atomically and rolls back ordinary write failures.
+// Callers serialize generators with a project lock. This is not crash-atomic across files.
+func Apply(root string, changes []Change) error {
+	var applied []Change
+	for _, c := range changes {
+		err := SafePath(root, c.Name)
+		if err == nil {
+			current, e := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(c.Name)))
+			if c.Existed {
+				if e != nil || !bytes.Equal(current, c.Before) {
+					err = fmt.Errorf("file changed during generation: %s", c.Name)
+				}
+			} else if !errors.Is(e, os.ErrNotExist) {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("file appeared during generation: %s", c.Name)
+			}
+		}
+		if err == nil {
+			if c.Remove {
+				err = os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(c.Name)))
+			} else {
+				err = AtomicWrite(root, c.Name, c.After, c.Mode)
+			}
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			for i := len(applied) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+				previous := applied[i]
+				if e := SafePath(root, previous.Name); e != nil {
+					err = errors.Join(err, e)
+					continue
+				}
+				if previous.Existed {
+					err = errors.Join(err, AtomicWrite(root, previous.Name, previous.Before, previous.Mode))
+				} else {
+					err = errors.Join(err, os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(previous.Name))))
+				}
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+		applied = append(applied, c)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Canonical resolves existing parent symlinks even for an output not yet created.
+func Canonical(path string) string {
+	path, _ = filepath.Abs(path)
+	candidate := path
+	var tail []string
+	for {
+		if resolved, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(candidate); err == nil {
+			for i := len(tail) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+				resolved = filepath.Join(resolved, tail[i])
+			}
+			return resolved
+		}
+		parent := filepath.Dir(candidate)
+		if parent == candidate {
+			return path
+		}
+		tail = append(tail, filepath.Base(candidate))
+		candidate = parent
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/internal/genfs/files_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/internal/genfs/files_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+package genfs
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestConflictRollsBackEarlierWrites(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "one"), []byte("before"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, "two"), []byte("concurrent"), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	err := Apply(root, []Change{{Name: "one", Before: []byte("before"), After: []byte("after"), Existed: true, Mode: 0600}, {Name: "new", After: []byte("created"), Mode: 0644}, {Name: "two", Before: []byte("stale"), After: []byte("after"), Existed: true, Mode: 0644}})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("conflict accepted")
+	}
+	data, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, "one"))
+	info, _ := os.Stat(filepath.Join(root, "one"))
+	if string(data) != "before" || info.Mode().Perm() != 0600 {
+		t.Fatal("rollback did not restore bytes/mode")
+	}
+	if _, err = os.Stat(filepath.Join(root, "new")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("new output survived rollback")
+	}
+	data, _ = os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, "two"))
+	if string(data) != "concurrent" {
+		t.Fatal("concurrent edit overwritten")
+	}
+}
+func TestUnsafePaths(t *testing.T) {
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	for _, name := range []string{"../escape", "a/../../escape", "/outside", "a\\b", ".", "a/../b"} {
+		if SafePath(root, name) == nil {
+			t.Fatal(name)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := os.Symlink(t.TempDir(), filepath.Join(root, "link")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if SafePath(root, "link/file") == nil {
+		t.Fatal("followed symlink")
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/main.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/main.go
@@ -18,6 +18,16 @@ func main() {
 	}

 	switch os.Args[1] {
+	case "project":
+		if err := runProject(os.Args[2:]); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "go-omni project:", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
+	case "i18n":
+		if err := runI18n(os.Args[2:]); err != nil {
+			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "go-omni i18n:", err)
+			os.Exit(1)
+		}
 	case "workspace":
 		if err := runWorkspace(os.Args[2:]); err != nil {
 			fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "go-omni workspace:", err)
@@ -170,6 +180,8 @@ func usage() {
 	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "GoOmni project tool")
 	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "")
 	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "Usage:")
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  go-omni project <new|generate|check>  Generate a transport-independent Go program")
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  go-omni i18n <check|export|types|extract>  Validate and export independent language resources")
 	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  go-omni migrate [--dir migrations] [--apply] [--dsn-env GO_OMNI_DB_DSN]")
 	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  go-omni new [--module <module>] <directory>")
 	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "  go-omni new --api <file.api> [--module <module>] <directory>")
@@ -211,6 +223,9 @@ func runAdd(args []string) error {
 			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected argument %q", arg)
 		}
 	}
+	if _, err := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(directory, ".goOmni", "projectManifest.json")); !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return errors.New("plain Go projects add packages as ordinary Go code; use project generate for infrastructure")
+	}
 	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(directory, ".goOmni", "apiManifest.json")); err == nil {
 		return errors.New("managed API projects add modules through .api imports and api generate")
 	}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/project.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/project.go
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni/projectgen"
+)
+
+func runProject(args []string) error {
+	if len(args) == 0 || args[0] == "help" || args[0] == "--help" || args[0] == "-h" {
+		projectUsage()
+		return nil
+	}
+	command := args[0]
+	if command != "new" && command != "generate" && command != "check" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("unknown project command %q", command)
+	}
+	o := projectgen.Options{Check: command == "check"}
+	for i := 1; i < len(args); i++ {
+		arg := args[i]
+		if arg == "--help" || arg == "-h" {
+			projectUsage()
+			return nil
+		}
+		if arg == "--check" || arg == "--dry-run" {
+			if command != "generate" {
+				return fmt.Errorf("%s belongs to project generate", arg)
+			}
+			if arg == "--check" {
+				o.Check = true
+			} else {
+				o.DryRun = true
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(arg, "-") {
+			if command != "new" || o.Dir != "" {
+				return fmt.Errorf("unexpected argument %q", arg)
+			}
+			o.Dir = arg
+			continue
+		}
+		name, value, inline := strings.Cut(arg, "=")
+		switch name {
+		case "--dir", "--module", "--framework-dir", "--framework-version":
+		default:
+			return fmt.Errorf("unknown project option %q", name)
+		}
+		if command != "new" && name != "--dir" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s belongs to project new", name)
+		}
+		if !inline {
+			if i+1 >= len(args) || strings.HasPrefix(args[i+1], "-") {
+				return fmt.Errorf("%s requires a value", name)
+			}
+			i++
+			value = args[i]
+		}
+		if strings.TrimSpace(value) == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s requires a value", name)
+		}
+		switch name {
+		case "--dir":
+			if o.Dir != "" {
+				return errors.New("project directory specified more than once")
+			}
+			o.Dir = value
+		case "--module":
+			o.Module = value
+		case "--framework-dir":
+			o.FrameworkDir = value
+		case "--framework-version":
+			o.FrameworkVersion = value
+		}
+	}
+	var out projectgen.Output
+	var err error
+	if command == "new" {
+		out, err = projectgen.New(o)
+	} else {
+		out, err = projectgen.Generate(o)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if o.DryRun {
+		for _, change := range out.Changes {
+			fmt.Printf("%-7s %s\n", change.Action, change.Path)
+		}
+	} else {
+		fmt.Printf("project %s: %d file changes\n", command, len(out.Changes))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func projectUsage() {
+	fmt.Println("go-omni project new <directory> [--module <module>] [--framework-version <version>|--framework-dir <directory>]")
+	fmt.Println("go-omni project generate [--dir <project>] [--check|--dry-run]")
+	fmt.Println("go-omni project check [--dir <project>]")
+	fmt.Println("Creates a plain Go program with config, logging, dependency lifecycle and an editable Run entry.")
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/project_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/project_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestProjectCLI(t *testing.T) {
+	root := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "program")
+	for _, args := range [][]string{{"new", root, "--module", "example.com/program"}, {"generate", "--dir", root, "--dry-run"}, {"generate", "--dir", root}, {"check", "--dir", root}, {"generate", "--dir", root, "--check"}} {
+		if err := runProject(args); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(args, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := runAdd([]string{"item", "--dir", root}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("add adopted plain project")
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(root, "internal/item")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("business module generated")
+	}
+	for _, args := range [][]string{{"new"}, {"new", "a", "b"}, {"new", "--api", "x"}, {"check", "--dry-run"}, {"generate", "--check", "--dry-run"}, {"generate", "--module", "x"}, {"new", "--module"}, {"new", "--dir="}, {"new", "--dir", "x", "y"}, {"unknown"}} {
+		if err := runProject(args); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("accepted", args)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/consumer_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/consumer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+package projectgen
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestGeneratedProgramConsumer(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_SCAFFOLD_INTEGRATION") != "1" {
+		t.Skip("set GO_OMNI_SCAFFOLD_INTEGRATION=1")
+	}
+	root := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "program")
+	cli := os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_RELEASE_CLI")
+	if cli != "" {
+		runCommand(t, "", cli, "project", "new", root, "--module", "example.com/plain")
+	} else {
+		framework, err := filepath.Abs("../../..")
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if _, err = New(Options{Dir: root, Module: "example.com/plain", FrameworkDir: framework}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	// Only project-owned files are customized. All entry/loading/lifecycle code
+	// remains exactly what the local or downloaded CLI generated.
+	svc := get(t, root, "internal/svc/serviceContext.go")
+	svc = strings.Replace(svc, "return nil", "return Initialize(ctx, c)", 1)
+	svc += "\nvar Initialize = func(context.Context, *ServiceContext) error { return nil }\n"
+	put(t, root, "internal/svc/serviceContext.go", svc)
+	put(t, root, "internal/run/run.go", `package run
+ import("context";"errors";"os";"example.com/plain/internal/svc")
+ var Execute=func(ctx context.Context,deps *svc.ServiceContext)error{
+ switch os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_PROGRAM_TEST_MODE") {case "error":return errors.New("process failure marker");case "panic":panic("process panic marker");case "unresponsive":select{}}
+ <-ctx.Done();return nil
+}
+ func Run(ctx context.Context,deps *svc.ServiceContext)error{return Execute(ctx,deps)}
+ `)
+	put(t, root, "consumer_test.go", get(t, "testdata", "consumer_test.go"))
+	runCommand(t, root, "go", "mod", "tidy")
+	runCommand(t, root, "go", "test", "-race", "-count=1", "./...")
+	runCommand(t, root, "go", "vet", "./...")
+	binary := filepath.Join(root, "program")
+	runCommand(t, root, "go", "build", "-race", "-o", binary, ".")
+	before := snapshot(t, root)
+	for _, mode := range []string{"generate", "check", "dry-run"} {
+		if cli != "" {
+			args := []string{"project", mode, "--dir", root}
+			if mode == "dry-run" {
+				args = []string{"project", "generate", "--dir", root, "--dry-run"}
+			}
+			runCommand(t, root, cli, args...)
+		} else {
+			if _, err := Generate(Options{Dir: root, Check: mode == "check", DryRun: mode == "dry-run"}); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	after := snapshot(t, root)
+	for name, data := range before {
+		if after[name] != data {
+			t.Fatal("consumer changed during regeneration", name)
+		}
+	}
+	// Validation must not open even the configured log file.
+	logfile := filepath.Join(root, "check-must-not-open.log")
+	cfg := filepath.Join(root, "check.json")
+	raw, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"log": map[string]any{"file": logfile}})
+	put(t, root, "check.json", string(raw))
+	runCommand(t, root, binary, "-config", cfg, "-check-config")
+	if _, err := os.Stat(logfile); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("check-config opened logger", err)
+	}
+	put(t, root, "check.json", `{"log":{"level":"invalid"}}`)
+	cmd := exec.Command(binary, "-config", cfg, "-check-config")
+	cmd.Dir = root
+	if data, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err == nil || !strings.Contains(string(data), "log.level") {
+		t.Fatal("invalid config accepted", string(data), err)
+	}
+	for _, sig := range []os.Signal{os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM} {
+		testProcess(t, root, binary, sig, "")
+	}
+	for _, mode := range []string{"error", "panic", "unresponsive"} {
+		var sig os.Signal
+		if mode == "unresponsive" {
+			sig = syscall.SIGTERM
+		}
+		testProcess(t, root, binary, sig, mode)
+	}
+	if cli != "" {
+		data := runCommand(t, root, "go", "list", "-m", "-json", frameworkModule)
+		var dep struct {
+			Version, Sum string
+			Replace      any
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &dep); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if dep.Version != os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_RELEASE_VERSION") || dep.Replace != nil || dep.Sum == "" {
+			t.Fatal("not a fixed remote consumer", dep)
+		}
+		t.Logf("remote framework %s checksum %s; no local replace", dep.Version, dep.Sum)
+	}
+}
+func runCommand(t *testing.T, dir, name string, args ...string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, args...)
+	if dir != "" {
+		cmd.Dir = dir
+	}
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GOWORK=off")
+	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s %v: %v\n%s", name, args, err, output)
+	}
+	t.Logf("%s %v\n%s", name, args, output)
+	return string(output)
+}
+func testProcess(t *testing.T, root, binary string, sig os.Signal, mode string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	logfile, err := os.CreateTemp(root, "signal-*.log")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer logfile.Close()
+	cfg := filepath.Join(root, "process.json")
+	put(t, root, "process.json", `{"lifecycle":{"stopTimeout":"100ms","drainTimeout":"30ms","cancelTimeout":"100ms"}}`)
+	cmd := exec.Command(binary, "-config", cfg)
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GO_OMNI_PROGRAM_TEST_MODE="+mode)
+	cmd.Dir = root
+	cmd.Stdout = logfile
+	cmd.Stderr = logfile
+	if err = cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- cmd.Wait() }()
+	defer func() { _ = cmd.Process.Kill() }()
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(10 * time.Second)
+	for {
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(logfile.Name())
+		if strings.Contains(string(data), "program.starting") {
+			break
+		}
+		if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+			t.Fatal("program did not start", string(data))
+		}
+		time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	if path, err := exec.LookPath("lsof"); err == nil {
+		output, _ := exec.Command(path, "-nP", "-a", "-p", strconv.Itoa(cmd.Process.Pid), "-i").CombinedOutput()
+		if strings.Contains(string(output), "TCP") || strings.Contains(string(output), "UDP") {
+			t.Fatal("starter opened network socket", string(output))
+		}
+	}
+	if sig != nil {
+		if err = cmd.Process.Signal(sig); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	select {
+	case err = <-done:
+		data, _ := os.ReadFile(logfile.Name())
+		if mode == "" && err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("signal exit failed", err, string(data))
+		}
+		if mode != "" {
+			exit, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError)
+			if !ok || exit.ExitCode() != 1 {
+				t.Fatal("abnormal process exit status", err, string(data))
+			}
+		}
+		if mode == "unresponsive" && !strings.Contains(string(data), "shared resources retained") {
+			t.Fatal("timeout did not retain resources", string(data))
+		}
+		t.Logf("process mode=%q signal=%v passed", mode, sig)
+	case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("signal exit timed out")
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/generate.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/generate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,359 @@
+// Package projectgen generates transport-independent Go programs.
+package projectgen
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"embed"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"go/format"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"sort"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni/internal/genfs"
+	"golang.org/x/mod/modfile"
+	"golang.org/x/mod/module"
+	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
+)
+
+const frameworkModule = "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
+const currentVersion = "v0.28.1-preview"
+const minimumVersion = "v0.28.0-preview"
+const manifestPath = ".goOmni/projectManifest.json"
+const lockPath = ".goOmni/project.lock"
+const header = "// Code generated by go-omni project. DO NOT EDIT.\n"
+
+//go:embed templates/*
+var templates embed.FS
+
+var managed = map[string]bool{"main.go": true, "internal/config/loadGen.go": true, "internal/svc/runtimeGen.go": true}
+var seeds = []string{"go.mod", ".gitignore", "README.md", "etc/config.yaml", "internal/config/config.go", "internal/config/loader.go", "internal/svc/serviceContext.go", "internal/run/run.go"}
+
+type Options struct {
+	Dir, Module, FrameworkDir, FrameworkVersion string
+	Check, DryRun                               bool
+}
+type FileChange struct{ Path, Action string }
+type Output struct{ Changes []FileChange }
+type manifest struct {
+	Version         int               `json:"version"`
+	Kind            string            `json:"kind"`
+	TemplateVersion string            `json:"templateVersion"`
+	Module          string            `json:"module"`
+	Generated       map[string]string `json:"generated"`
+}
+
+// New only accepts an empty directory. FrameworkDir is an explicit development opt-in.
+func New(o Options) (Output, error) {
+	if o.Dir == "" || o.Check || o.DryRun {
+		return Output{}, errors.New("project new requires a directory and does not accept --check/--dry-run")
+	}
+	if entries, err := os.ReadDir(o.Dir); err == nil && len(entries) > 0 {
+		return Output{}, errors.New("project new requires an empty directory")
+	} else if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return Output{}, err
+	}
+	if o.Module == "" {
+		o.Module = filepath.Base(genfs.Canonical(o.Dir))
+	}
+	if err := module.CheckImportPath(o.Module); err != nil {
+		return Output{}, err
+	}
+	if _, err := moduleFile(o, genfs.Canonical(o.Dir), true); err != nil {
+		return Output{}, err
+	}
+	return generate(o, true)
+}
+func Generate(o Options) (Output, error) { return generate(o, false) }
+
+func generate(o Options, create bool) (out Output, err error) {
+	if o.Check && o.DryRun {
+		return out, errors.New("--check and --dry-run cannot be combined")
+	}
+	if o.Dir == "" {
+		o.Dir = "."
+	}
+	root, err := filepath.Abs(o.Dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return out, err
+	}
+	if info, e := os.Lstat(root); e == nil {
+		if !info.IsDir() || info.Mode()&os.ModeSymlink != 0 {
+			return out, errors.New("project directory must be a real directory")
+		}
+	} else if !create || !errors.Is(e, os.ErrNotExist) {
+		return out, e
+	}
+	root = genfs.Canonical(root)
+	for _, name := range append(append([]string{}, seeds...), manifestPath, lockPath) {
+		if err = genfs.SafePath(root, name); err != nil {
+			return out, err
+		}
+	}
+	for name := range managed {
+		if err = genfs.SafePath(root, name); err != nil {
+			return out, err
+		}
+	}
+	for _, other := range []string{".goOmni/apiManifest.json", "api/service.api"} {
+		if _, e := os.Lstat(filepath.Join(root, other)); !errors.Is(e, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return out, errors.New("project generator requires its own project; existing API layout is not adopted")
+		}
+	}
+	if !o.Check && !o.DryRun {
+		if err = os.MkdirAll(filepath.Join(root, ".goOmni"), 0755); err != nil {
+			return out, err
+		}
+		lock, e := os.OpenFile(filepath.Join(root, lockPath), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL, 0600)
+		if e != nil {
+			return out, fmt.Errorf("acquire project.lock (check for a running generator before removing a stale lock): %w", e)
+		}
+		_, err = fmt.Fprintf(lock, "pid=%d\n", os.Getpid())
+		err = errors.Join(err, lock.Close())
+		defer os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, lockPath))
+		if err != nil {
+			return out, err
+		}
+	}
+	var old manifest
+	oldData, readErr := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, manifestPath))
+	if create {
+		if !errors.Is(readErr, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return out, errors.New("project manifest appeared during creation")
+		}
+		// Recheck after taking the lock; never adopt files created concurrently.
+		entries, e := os.ReadDir(root)
+		if e != nil {
+			return out, e
+		}
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			if entry.Name() != ".goOmni" {
+				return out, errors.New("project directory changed during creation")
+			}
+		}
+		entries, e = os.ReadDir(filepath.Join(root, ".goOmni"))
+		if e != nil {
+			return out, e
+		}
+		for _, entry := range entries {
+			if entry.Name() != "project.lock" {
+				return out, errors.New("project metadata appeared during creation")
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		if readErr != nil {
+			return out, fmt.Errorf("read project manifest (create with project new first): %w", readErr)
+		}
+		decoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(oldData))
+		decoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
+		if err = decoder.Decode(&old); err != nil {
+			return out, fmt.Errorf("invalid project manifest: %w", err)
+		}
+		var extra any
+		if decoder.Decode(&extra) != io.EOF {
+			return out, errors.New("invalid trailing project manifest data")
+		}
+		if old.Version != 1 || old.Kind != "project" || old.Module == "" || len(old.Generated) != len(managed) || !semver.IsValid(old.TemplateVersion) || semver.Compare(old.TemplateVersion, minimumVersion) > 0 {
+			return out, errors.New("unsupported project manifest; use a compatible CLI")
+		}
+		if o.Module != "" && o.Module != old.Module {
+			return out, errors.New("module differs from project manifest")
+		}
+		o.Module = old.Module
+		for name := range managed {
+			if len(old.Generated[name]) != 64 {
+				return out, fmt.Errorf("invalid manifest ownership for %s", name)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if o.Module == "" {
+		o.Module = filepath.Base(root)
+	}
+	if err = module.CheckImportPath(o.Module); err != nil {
+		return out, err
+	}
+	moduleData, err := moduleFile(o, root, create)
+	if err != nil {
+		return out, err
+	}
+	rendered, err := render(o.Module, moduleData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return out, err
+	}
+	next := manifest{Version: 1, Kind: "project", TemplateVersion: minimumVersion, Module: o.Module, Generated: map[string]string{}}
+	var changes []genfs.Change
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(rendered))
+	for name := range rendered {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	for _, name := range names {
+		target := filepath.Join(root, filepath.FromSlash(name))
+		before, e := os.ReadFile(target)
+		exists := e == nil
+		if e != nil && !errors.Is(e, os.ErrNotExist) {
+			return out, e
+		}
+		generated := managed[name]
+		if !generated && !create {
+			if !exists {
+				return out, fmt.Errorf("project-owned file %s is missing; restore it explicitly", name)
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		if generated {
+			next.Generated[name] = digest(rendered[name])
+			if exists && (create || digest(before) != old.Generated[name]) {
+				return out, fmt.Errorf("generated file %s was edited; move custom code to project-owned files", name)
+			}
+		} else if exists {
+			return out, fmt.Errorf("refusing to adopt %s", name)
+		}
+		if exists && bytes.Equal(before, rendered[name]) {
+			continue
+		}
+		mode := os.FileMode(0644)
+		if exists {
+			info, e := os.Stat(target)
+			if e != nil {
+				return out, e
+			}
+			mode = info.Mode().Perm()
+		}
+		changes = append(changes, genfs.Change{Name: name, Before: before, After: rendered[name], Existed: exists, Mode: mode})
+	}
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(next, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return out, err
+	}
+	data = append(data, '\n')
+	if !bytes.Equal(oldData, data) {
+		changes = append(changes, genfs.Change{Name: manifestPath, Before: oldData, After: data, Existed: oldData != nil, Mode: 0644})
+	}
+	for _, c := range changes {
+		action := "create"
+		if c.Existed {
+			action = "update"
+		}
+		out.Changes = append(out.Changes, FileChange{c.Name, action})
+	}
+	sort.Slice(out.Changes, func(i, j int) bool { return out.Changes[i].Path < out.Changes[j].Path })
+	if o.DryRun {
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	if o.Check {
+		if len(changes) > 0 {
+			return out, fmt.Errorf("project generation drift: %v", out.Changes)
+		}
+		return out, nil
+	}
+	return out, genfs.Apply(root, changes)
+}
+
+func moduleFile(o Options, root string, create bool) ([]byte, error) {
+	if !create {
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, "go.mod"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		mf, err := modfile.Parse("go.mod", data, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if mf.Module == nil || mf.Module.Mod.Path != o.Module {
+			return nil, errors.New("go.mod module differs from project manifest")
+		}
+		if o.FrameworkDir != "" || o.FrameworkVersion != "" {
+			return nil, errors.New("framework options belong to project new; update go.mod explicitly")
+		}
+		for _, r := range mf.Require {
+			if r.Mod.Path == frameworkModule && semver.Compare(r.Mod.Version, minimumVersion) >= 0 {
+				return data, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("go.mod must require go-omni %s or newer", minimumVersion)
+	}
+	version := o.FrameworkVersion
+	if version == "" {
+		version = currentVersion
+		if info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo(); ok && info.Main.Path == frameworkModule && info.Main.Sum != "" && semver.IsValid(info.Main.Version) {
+			version = info.Main.Version
+		}
+	}
+	if !semver.IsValid(version) || semver.Major(version) != "v0" && semver.Major(version) != "v1" || semver.Compare(version, minimumVersion) < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("framework version must be %s or newer", minimumVersion)
+	}
+	mf := new(modfile.File)
+	if err := mf.AddModuleStmt(o.Module); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := mf.AddGoStmt("1.22.0"); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := mf.AddRequire(frameworkModule, version); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if o.FrameworkDir != "" {
+		local, err := filepath.Abs(o.FrameworkDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(local, "go.mod"))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		source, err := modfile.Parse("go.mod", data, nil)
+		if err != nil || source.Module == nil || source.Module.Mod.Path != frameworkModule {
+			return nil, errors.New("--framework-dir must contain go-omni")
+		}
+		local = genfs.Canonical(local)
+		rel, err := filepath.Rel(root, local)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		rel = filepath.ToSlash(rel)
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(rel, ".") {
+			rel = "./" + rel
+		}
+		if err = mf.AddReplace(frameworkModule, "", rel, ""); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	return mf.Format()
+}
+func render(moduleName string, moduleData []byte) (map[string][]byte, error) {
+	files := map[string][]byte{"go.mod": moduleData}
+	paths := append([]string{}, seeds[1:]...)
+	for name := range managed {
+		paths = append(paths, name)
+	}
+	for _, name := range paths {
+		raw, err := templates.ReadFile("templates/" + strings.ReplaceAll(name, "/", "_") + ".tmpl")
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		s := strings.ReplaceAll(string(raw), "\"PROJECT_MODULE\"", strconv.Quote(moduleName))
+		s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "PROJECT_MODULE/", moduleName+"/")
+		if managed[name] {
+			s = header + s
+		}
+		data := []byte(s)
+		if strings.HasSuffix(name, ".go") {
+			data, err = format.Source(data)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("format %s: %w", name, err)
+			}
+		}
+		files[name] = data
+	}
+	return files, nil
+}
+func digest(data []byte) string { sum := sha256.Sum256(data); return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:]) }
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/generate_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/generate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+package projectgen
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func put(t *testing.T, root, name, content string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	p := filepath.Join(root, name)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(p), 0755); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(content), 0644); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+func get(t *testing.T, root, name string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, name))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return string(data)
+}
+func snapshot(t *testing.T, root string) map[string]string {
+	t.Helper()
+	files := map[string]string{}
+	err := filepath.WalkDir(root, func(path string, d os.DirEntry, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !d.IsDir() {
+			data, e := os.ReadFile(path)
+			if e != nil {
+				return e
+			}
+			rel, _ := filepath.Rel(root, path)
+			files[rel] = string(data)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return files
+}
+func fresh(t *testing.T) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	root := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "program")
+	if _, err := New(Options{Dir: root, Module: "example.com/program"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return root
+}
+
+func TestOwnershipAndDrift(t *testing.T) {
+	root := fresh(t)
+	files := snapshot(t, root)
+	for name, source := range files {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(name, ".api") || strings.Contains(name, "handler") || strings.Contains(name, "openapi") {
+			t.Fatal("unexpected API output", name)
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(name, ".go") {
+			for _, forbidden := range []string{"net/http", "httpx", "middleware", "ListenAndServe", "database/", "queue/", "task.New"} {
+				if strings.Contains(source, forbidden) {
+					t.Fatal(name, forbidden)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(files["go.mod"], "replace") || !strings.Contains(files["go.mod"], currentVersion) {
+		t.Fatal("default dependency must be remote and fixed")
+	}
+	for _, name := range seeds {
+		if name != "go.mod" {
+			put(t, root, name, get(t, root, name)+"\n// project edit\n")
+		}
+	}
+	before := snapshot(t, root)
+	for _, o := range []Options{{Dir: root}, {Dir: root, Check: true}, {Dir: root, DryRun: true}} {
+		out, err := Generate(o)
+		if err != nil || len(out.Changes) != 0 {
+			t.Fatal(out, err)
+		}
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("project files changed")
+	}
+	original := get(t, root, "main.go")
+	put(t, root, "main.go", original+"\n// manual edit\n")
+	for _, o := range []Options{{Dir: root}, {Dir: root, Check: true}, {Dir: root, DryRun: true}} {
+		if _, err := Generate(o); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "was edited") {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	put(t, root, "main.go", original)
+	if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, "main.go")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	before = snapshot(t, root)
+	if _, err := Generate(Options{Dir: root, Check: true}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("missing output accepted")
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("check wrote files")
+	}
+	out, err := Generate(Options{Dir: root, DryRun: true})
+	if err != nil || len(out.Changes) != 1 {
+		t.Fatal(out, err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("dry-run wrote files")
+	}
+	if _, err = Generate(Options{Dir: root}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if get(t, root, "main.go") != original {
+		t.Fatal("missing output not restored")
+	}
+	if err = os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, "internal/run/run.go")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err = Generate(Options{Dir: root}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "project-owned") {
+		t.Fatal("silently recreated handwritten file", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRecordedTemplateUpgrade(t *testing.T) {
+	root := fresh(t)
+	var m manifest
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(get(t, root, manifestPath)), &m); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	original := get(t, root, "main.go")
+	older := original + "\n// previous generator baseline\n"
+	put(t, root, "main.go", older)
+	m.Generated["main.go"] = digest([]byte(older))
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(m)
+	put(t, root, manifestPath, string(data))
+	before := snapshot(t, root)
+	if _, err := Generate(Options{Dir: root, Check: true}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("stale baseline accepted")
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("check mutated baseline")
+	}
+	if _, err := Generate(Options{Dir: root}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if get(t, root, "main.go") != original {
+		t.Fatal("template was not updated")
+	}
+}
+func TestProjectGuards(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name, needle string
+		mutate       func(*testing.T, string)
+	}{
+		{"module", "module differs", func(t *testing.T, r string) {
+			put(t, r, "go.mod", strings.Replace(get(t, r, "go.mod"), "example.com/program", "example.com/other", 1))
+		}},
+		{"oldFramework", "must require", func(t *testing.T, r string) {
+			put(t, r, "go.mod", strings.ReplaceAll(get(t, r, "go.mod"), currentVersion, "v0.22.0-preview"))
+		}},
+		{"manifest", "unsupported", func(t *testing.T, r string) { put(t, r, manifestPath, `{"version":1,"kind":"api"}`) }},
+		{"lock", "project.lock", func(t *testing.T, r string) { put(t, r, lockPath, "occupied") }},
+		{"otherGenerator", "existing API", func(t *testing.T, r string) { put(t, r, ".goOmni/apiManifest.json", "{}") }},
+		{"symlink", "symlink", func(t *testing.T, r string) {
+			if e := os.Remove(filepath.Join(r, "main.go")); e != nil {
+				t.Fatal(e)
+			}
+			target := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "outside.go")
+			put(t, filepath.Dir(target), "outside.go", "outside")
+			if e := os.Symlink(target, filepath.Join(r, "main.go")); e != nil {
+				t.Fatal(e)
+			}
+		}},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			root := fresh(t)
+			tc.mutate(t, root)
+			before := snapshot(t, root)
+			if _, err := Generate(Options{Dir: root}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), tc.needle) {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+				t.Fatal("failed generation changed files")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	root := fresh(t)
+	before := snapshot(t, root)
+	if _, err := New(Options{Dir: root}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("new overwrote project")
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(before, snapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("new mutated project")
+	}
+	if _, err := Generate(Options{Dir: t.TempDir(), Check: true}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("adopted unmanaged directory")
+	}
+	for _, version := range []string{"v0.27.0-preview", "latest", "v2.0.0", "v0.28.0-preview\nreplace bad"} {
+		if _, err := New(Options{Dir: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "app"), FrameworkVersion: version}); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("invalid version", version)
+		}
+	}
+	if _, err := New(Options{Dir: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "app"), Module: "example.com/a\nreplace bad"}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("invalid module")
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/.gitignore.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/.gitignore.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+/program
+/var/
+.env
+.env.*
+!.env.example
+/.goOmni/project.lock
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/README.md.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/README.md.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Go program
+
+This project has no HTTP listener, routes, tasks or external dependencies configured.
+
+```sh
+go mod tidy
+go run . -check-config
+go run .
+# SIGINT/SIGTERM stops the program.
+go build -o program .
+go-omni project generate --dry-run
+go-omni project generate
+go-omni project check
+go test ./...
+```
+
+Use the same fixed CLI and framework version. Local --framework-dir is only for
+explicit source development; normal creation pins the installed CLI version.
+
+Edit internal/config/config.go (Config/Default/Validate), etc/config.yaml and
+internal/config/loader.go for optional decoders. JSON/YAML/XML resolve only
+explicit ${NAME} / ${NAME:-fallback}; fixed values are never implicitly overridden.
+-check-config validates without opening the logger or dependencies.
+
+Add dependencies in internal/svc/serviceContext.go, registering OnClose immediately.
+Register all OnStop/OnDrain hooks in Init, before starting work. Paired hooks use the
+same name. OnStop stops acquisition; OnDrain returns nil only after all processing,
+acknowledgements and defers finish. Runtime executes stop, then drain, then resource
+cleanup in reverse registration order. Callbacks within a phase run concurrently;
+combine components with ordering requirements in a single hook. Accepted work uses
+WorkContext; Context is the early stop notification. No automatic retry or restart
+policy is installed. Adapt external components according to their actual semantics.
+
+Write program behavior in internal/run/run.go. Return nil when a one-shot run finishes;
+return an error for fatal failure. The default Run waits for shutdown. Components may
+call RequestShutdown(err) to report fatal failure. Signal or Run completion starts
+shutdown; the entry waits for Run itself and registered background work. Do not make
+Run wait for resource cleanup: cleanup follows Run completion. Do not register hooks
+concurrently from Run. The drain name go-omni/project/run is reserved.
+
+Run/Init panics are converted to startup/run failures and registered resources are
+cleaned safely. Panics in arbitrary project goroutines must be handled by the project.
+Unresponsive work is bounded by lifecycle timeouts: unfinished work causes
+ErrResourcesRetained, skips shared resource/logger cleanup and exits unsuccessfully.
+Go cannot forcibly stop a goroutine. SIGKILL/process crashes cannot run cleanup.
+
+main.go, internal/config/loadGen.go and internal/svc/runtimeGen.go are generator-owned.
+Manual edits cause a conflict. Other starter files are project-owned and preserved;
+missing project-owned files require explicit restoration. Check is read-only and
+reports missing or stale generated files. It does not compile or execute project code.
+Commit .goOmni/projectManifest.json with the project. Generation uses a project lock,
+preflight checks and per-file atomic replacement with rollback for ordinary write errors;
+it is not crash-atomic across files. Avoid editing files during generation.
+
+Full guide: https://git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/src/branch/main/PROGRAM.md
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/etc_config.yaml.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/etc_config.yaml.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# Project-owned. Environment references are explicit: ${NAME} or ${NAME:-fallback}.
+log:
+  level: info
+  format: json
+  output: stderr
+lifecycle:
+  stopTimeout: 5s
+  drainTimeout: 10s
+  cancelTimeout: 5s
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_config_config.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_config_config.go.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+ omniConfig "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+ "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
+ "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
+)
+
+// Config, Default and Validate are project-owned. Add project settings here.
+type Config struct {
+ Log logx.Config `json:"log"`
+ Lifecycle lifecycle.ShutdownConfig `json:"lifecycle"`
+}
+func Default() Config {
+ log:=logx.Default();log.Service="PROJECT_MODULE"
+ return Config{Log:log,Lifecycle:lifecycle.DefaultShutdownConfig()}
+}
+func(c Config)Validate()error {
+ if err:=c.Log.Validate();err!=nil{return omniConfig.AtField("log",err)}
+ if err:=c.Lifecycle.Validate();err!=nil{return omniConfig.AtField("lifecycle",err)}
+ return nil
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_config_loadGen.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_config_loadGen.go.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+package config
+import omniConfig "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+func Load(path string)(Config,error){
+ loader,err:=NewLoader();if err!=nil{return Config{},err}
+ return omniConfig.LoadProject(path,Default(),loader)
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_config_loader.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_config_loader.go.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+package config
+import omniConfig "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+// NewLoader is project-owned. Register additional decoders here if needed.
+func NewLoader()(*omniConfig.Loader,error){return omniConfig.NewLoader()}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_run_run.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_run_run.go.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package run
+import (
+ "context"
+ "PROJECT_MODULE/internal/svc"
+)
+// Run is project-owned. Return nil for normal completion, or an error to fail.
+// The starter waits for shutdown; a one-shot program can simply return when done.
+// Register background stop/drain hooks in svc.Init, not concurrently here.
+// Accepted background work uses deps.WorkContext(), not the early-stop ctx.
+func Run(ctx context.Context,deps *svc.ServiceContext)error {
+ <-ctx.Done()
+ return nil
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_svc_runtimeGen.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_svc_runtimeGen.go.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package svc
+import (
+ "context"
+ "errors"
+ "fmt"
+ "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
+ "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
+ "PROJECT_MODULE/internal/config"
+)
+func New(ctx context.Context,logger *logx.Logger,cfg config.Config)(result *ServiceContext,err error){
+ if ctx==nil{ctx=context.Background()}
+ if err=ctx.Err();err!=nil{return nil,errors.Join(err,lifecycle.Cause(ctx))}
+ if logger==nil{return nil,errors.New("service context requires a logger")}
+ if err=cfg.Validate();err!=nil{return nil,err}
+ runtime,err:=lifecycle.NewRuntimeWithConfig(logx.WithLogger(ctx,logger),cfg.Lifecycle);if err!=nil{return nil,err}
+ c:=&ServiceContext{Runtime:runtime,Config:cfg,Logger:logger}
+ defer func(){
+  if p:=recover();p!=nil{err=fmt.Errorf("dependency initialization panic: %v",p)}
+  if err!=nil{result=nil;err=c.Finish(err)}
+ }()
+ if err=c.Init(c.Context());err!=nil{return nil,err}
+ return c,nil
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_svc_serviceContext.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/internal_svc_serviceContext.go.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package svc
+import (
+ "context"
+ "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
+ "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
+ "PROJECT_MODULE/internal/config"
+)
+// ServiceContext is project-owned. Add dependencies without global variables.
+// Runtime owns registered resources; Logger is borrowed from the entry point.
+type ServiceContext struct {
+ *lifecycle.Runtime
+ Config config.Config
+ Logger *logx.Logger
+}
+// Init runs before Run. Register resources immediately with OnClose.
+// Register paired OnStop/OnDrain hooks before exposing background work.
+// Use WorkContext for accepted work; Context is the early stop notification.
+// OnDrain returns nil only after processing and final cleanup have completed.
+// Complete all registrations here, before Run can race with shutdown.
+// The drain name "go-omni/project/run" is reserved for the generated entry.
+func(c *ServiceContext)Init(ctx context.Context)error{return nil}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/main.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/templates/main.go.tmpl
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+ "context"
+ "errors"
+ "flag"
+ "fmt"
+ "log"
+ "os"
+ "os/signal"
+ "syscall"
+ "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
+ "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
+ "PROJECT_MODULE/internal/config"
+ program "PROJECT_MODULE/internal/run"
+ "PROJECT_MODULE/internal/svc"
+)
+
+func main() {
+ path:=flag.String("config","etc/config.yaml","configuration file; empty uses Default()")
+ check:=flag.Bool("check-config",false,"validate configuration without initializing dependencies")
+ flag.Parse()
+ if *check {if _,err:=config.Load(*path);err!=nil{log.Fatal(err)};return}
+ ctx,stop:=signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(),os.Interrupt,syscall.SIGTERM)
+ defer stop()
+ if err:=run(ctx,*path);err!=nil{log.Fatal(err)}
+}
+
+func run(ctx context.Context,path string)(runErr error) {
+ cfg,err:=config.Load(path);if err!=nil{return err}
+ logger,err:=logx.New(cfg.Log);if err!=nil{return err}
+ var deps *svc.ServiceContext
+ defer func(){
+  if p:=recover();p!=nil{runErr=fmt.Errorf("program initialization panic: %v",p)}
+  if deps!=nil{runErr=deps.Finish(runErr)}
+  // Unjoined work may still use its dependencies and logger. The process exits
+  // unsuccessfully; resource retention never means the work completed.
+  if !errors.Is(runErr,lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained){runErr=errors.Join(runErr,logger.Close())}
+ }()
+ deps,err=svc.New(ctx,logger,cfg);if err!=nil{return err}
+ if deps.Context().Err()!=nil{return nil}
+ done:=make(chan struct{})
+ // This reserved drain proves Run has actually returned, including its defers.
+ // Runtime bounds the wait even when Run ignores cancellation.
+ deps.OnDrain("go-omni/project/run",func(context.Context)error{<-done;return nil})
+ logger.InfoContext(deps.Context(),"program.starting")
+ go func(){
+  var result error
+  returned:=false
+  defer func(){
+   if p:=recover();p!=nil{result=fmt.Errorf("program run panic: %v",p)} else if !returned{result=errors.New("program run exited without returning")}
+   deps.RequestShutdown(result)
+   close(done)
+  }()
+  result=program.Run(deps.Context(),deps)
+  returned=true
+ }()
+ <-deps.Context().Done()
+ return nil
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/testdata/consumer_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/projectgen/testdata/consumer_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"example.com/plain/internal/config"
+	program "example.com/plain/internal/run"
+	"example.com/plain/internal/svc"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
+)
+
+func setup(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Helper()
+	svc.Initialize = func(context.Context, *svc.ServiceContext) error { return nil }
+	program.Execute = func(context.Context, *svc.ServiceContext) error { return nil }
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		svc.Initialize = func(context.Context, *svc.ServiceContext) error { return nil }
+		program.Execute = func(context.Context, *svc.ServiceContext) error { return nil }
+	})
+}
+func shortConfig(t *testing.T, logfile string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	p := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.yaml")
+	text := "log:\n  output: discard\nlifecycle:\n  stopTimeout: 100ms\n  drainTimeout: 30ms\n  cancelTimeout: 100ms\n"
+	if logfile != "" {
+		text = "log:\n  file: " + logfile + "\nlifecycle:\n  stopTimeout: 100ms\n  drainTimeout: 30ms\n  cancelTimeout: 100ms\n"
+	}
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte(text), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return p
+}
+
+func TestFiniteRunAndCleanupOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	setup(t)
+	var events []string
+	svc.Initialize = func(ctx context.Context, c *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+		events = append(events, "init")
+		c.OnClose(func() error { events = append(events, "first"); return nil })
+		c.OnClose(func() error { events = append(events, "second"); return nil })
+		return nil
+	}
+	program.Execute = func(context.Context, *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+		defer func() { events = append(events, "run defer") }()
+		events = append(events, "run")
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := run(context.Background(), ""); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(events, []string{"init", "run", "run defer", "second", "first"}) {
+		t.Fatal(events)
+	}
+}
+func TestInitializationAndRunFailures(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, stage := range []string{"init error", "init panic", "run error", "run panic", "run goexit", "component failure"} {
+		t.Run(stage, func(t *testing.T) {
+			setup(t)
+			boom := errors.New("failure marker")
+			var closed atomic.Int32
+			var started atomic.Bool
+			svc.Initialize = func(ctx context.Context, c *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+				c.OnClose(func() error { closed.Add(1); return nil })
+				if stage == "init error" {
+					return boom
+				}
+				if stage == "init panic" {
+					panic(boom)
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+			program.Execute = func(ctx context.Context, c *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+				started.Store(true)
+				switch stage {
+				case "run error":
+					return boom
+				case "run panic":
+					panic(boom)
+				case "run goexit":
+					runtime.Goexit()
+				case "component failure":
+					c.RequestShutdown(boom)
+					<-ctx.Done()
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+			err := run(context.Background(), "")
+			if err == nil || closed.Load() != 1 {
+				t.Fatal(stage, err, closed.Load())
+			}
+			if strings.HasPrefix(stage, "init") && started.Load() {
+				t.Fatal("run started after failed initialization")
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(stage, "error") || stage == "component failure" {
+				if !errors.Is(err, boom) {
+					t.Fatal("failure cause lost", err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+func TestGracefulStopDrainsAcknowledgementBeforeClose(t *testing.T) {
+	setup(t)
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer cancel()
+	ready := make(chan struct{})
+	stop := make(chan struct{})
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	var closed, acked atomic.Bool
+	var canceledEarly atomic.Bool
+	svc.Initialize = func(ctx context.Context, c *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+		c.OnClose(func() error {
+			if !acked.Load() {
+				return errors.New("closed before acknowledgement")
+			}
+			closed.Store(true)
+			return nil
+		})
+		c.OnStop("component", func(context.Context) error { close(stop); return nil })
+		c.OnDrain("component", func(context.Context) error { <-done; return nil })
+		go func() {
+			defer close(done)
+			<-stop
+			if c.WorkContext().Err() != nil {
+				canceledEarly.Store(true)
+			}
+			time.Sleep(20 * time.Millisecond)
+			acked.Store(true)
+		}()
+		return nil
+	}
+	program.Execute = func(ctx context.Context, c *svc.ServiceContext) error { close(ready); <-ctx.Done(); return nil }
+	result := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { result <- run(ctx, "") }()
+	<-ready
+	cancel()
+	if err := <-result; err != nil || !closed.Load() || canceledEarly.Load() {
+		t.Fatal(err, closed.Load(), canceledEarly.Load())
+	}
+}
+func TestInitializationFailureDrainsStartedWork(t *testing.T) {
+	setup(t)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	stop := make(chan struct{})
+	var closed atomic.Bool
+	svc.Initialize = func(ctx context.Context, c *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+		c.OnClose(func() error {
+			select {
+			case <-done:
+				closed.Store(true)
+				return nil
+			default:
+				return errors.New("resource closed while starting work still active")
+			}
+		})
+		c.OnStop("partial", func(context.Context) error { close(stop); return nil })
+		c.OnDrain("partial", func(context.Context) error { <-done; return nil })
+		go func() { defer close(done); <-stop; time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond) }()
+		return errors.New("later dependency failed")
+	}
+	if err := run(context.Background(), ""); err == nil || !closed.Load() {
+		t.Fatal(err, closed.Load())
+	}
+}
+func TestCancellationGraceJoinsWork(t *testing.T) {
+	setup(t)
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	var closed atomic.Bool
+	svc.Initialize = func(ctx context.Context, c *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+		c.OnClose(func() error { closed.Store(true); return nil })
+		c.OnStop("cooperative", func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+		c.OnDrain("cooperative", func(context.Context) error { <-done; return nil })
+		go func() { <-c.WorkContext().Done(); close(done) }()
+		return nil
+	}
+	err := run(context.Background(), shortConfig(t, ""))
+	if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) || errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) || !closed.Load() {
+		t.Fatal(err, closed.Load())
+	}
+}
+func TestUnjoinedWorkRetainsDependenciesAndLogger(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, which := range []string{"run", "background", "init failure"} {
+		t.Run(which, func(t *testing.T) {
+			setup(t)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+			release := make(chan struct{})
+			joined := make(chan struct{})
+			ready := make(chan struct{})
+			var closed atomic.Bool
+			var held *svc.ServiceContext
+			logfile := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "retained.log")
+			svc.Initialize = func(ctx context.Context, c *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+				held = c
+				c.OnClose(func() error { closed.Store(true); return nil })
+				if which != "run" {
+					c.OnStop("stuck", func(context.Context) error { return nil })
+					c.OnDrain("stuck", func(context.Context) error { <-joined; return nil })
+					go func() { defer close(joined); <-release; c.Logger.Info("after shutdown deadline") }()
+				}
+				if which == "init failure" {
+					return errors.New("initialization failed")
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+			program.Execute = func(ctx context.Context, c *svc.ServiceContext) error {
+				close(ready)
+				if which == "run" {
+					defer close(joined)
+					<-release
+					c.Logger.Info("after shutdown deadline")
+				} else {
+					<-ctx.Done()
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+			result := make(chan error, 1)
+			go func() { result <- run(ctx, shortConfig(t, logfile)) }()
+			if which != "init failure" {
+				<-ready
+				cancel()
+			}
+			var err error
+			select {
+			case err = <-result:
+			case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+				t.Fatal("shutdown hung")
+			}
+			if !errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) || closed.Load() {
+				t.Fatal(err, closed.Load())
+			}
+			close(release)
+			<-joined
+			// In the run case the entry's completion notification follows the user defer.
+			// Close is idempotent and must retain resources even after late completion.
+			if err = held.Close(); !errors.Is(err, lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained) || closed.Load() {
+				t.Fatal("retention was lost", err)
+			}
+			data, _ := os.ReadFile(logfile)
+			if !strings.Contains(string(data), "after shutdown deadline") {
+				t.Fatal("logger closed while work still running", string(data))
+			}
+			_ = held.Logger.Close()
+		})
+	}
+}
+func TestExplicitConfigurationAndPreflight(t *testing.T) {
+	setup(t)
+	t.Setenv("PLAIN_LEVEL", "debug")
+	t.Setenv("LOG_LEVEL", "error")
+	p := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.yaml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(p, []byte("log:\n  level: ${PLAIN_LEVEL}\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cfg, err := config.Load(p)
+	if err != nil || cfg.Log.Level != "debug" {
+		t.Fatal(cfg.Log.Level, err)
+	}
+	if err = os.WriteFile(p, []byte("log:\n  level: info\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cfg, err = config.Load(p)
+	if err != nil || cfg.Log.Level != "info" {
+		t.Fatal("implicit environment override", err)
+	}
+	var initCalled atomic.Bool
+	svc.Initialize = func(context.Context, *svc.ServiceContext) error { initCalled.Store(true); return nil }
+	if err = os.WriteFile(p, []byte("lifecycle:\n  drainTimeout: -1s\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err = run(context.Background(), p); err == nil || initCalled.Load() {
+		t.Fatal("invalid configuration initialized dependencies", err)
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-config.yaml.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-config.yaml.tmpl
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 # Only fields listed here override Default(). Environment names are explicit.
 server:
+  # Optional cross-origin access: server.cors (disabled by default). See framework cors/README.md.
  address: "${GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}"
  transport: "${GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT:-nethttp}"
 {{if ne .Storage "none"}}storage:
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/version.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/version.go
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ const frameworkModule = "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
 // Source builds can carry an unpublished VCS version (including +dirty).
 // Keep this fallback in sync with the next release; installed CLIs use their
 // downloaded module version, which also has a module checksum.
-const defaultFrameworkVersion = "v0.22.0-preview"
+const defaultFrameworkVersion = "v0.28.1-preview"

 // This target is not a claim that the release already exists. Source users
 // select a local framework checkout until the module templates are published.
--- a/cmd/go-omni/workspace_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/workspace_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// The same consumer is exercised with a source-built CLI before release and a
+// downloaded CLI after release. Project modules are always independently built.
+func TestMixedWorkspaceConsumer(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_SCAFFOLD_INTEGRATION") != "1" {
+		t.Skip("set GO_OMNI_SCAFFOLD_INTEGRATION=1")
+	}
+	root := t.TempDir()
+	cli := os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_RELEASE_CLI")
+	local := cli == ""
+	framework, err := filepath.Abs("../..")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if local {
+		cli = filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "go-omni")
+		workspaceCommand(t, "", nil, false, "go", "build", "-o", cli, ".")
+	}
+	modulePath := "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
+	for _, kind := range []string{"api", "project"} {
+		dir := filepath.Join(root, kind)
+		args := []string{kind, "new", dir, "--module", "example.com/" + kind}
+		if local {
+			args = append(args, "--framework-dir", framework)
+		}
+		workspaceCommand(t, root, nil, false, cli, args...)
+		workspaceCommand(t, dir, nil, false, "go", "mod", "tidy")
+		data := workspaceCommand(t, dir, nil, false, "go", "list", "-m", "-json", modulePath)
+		if !local {
+			var dep struct {
+				Version, Sum string
+				Replace      any
+			}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &dep); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if dep.Version != os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_RELEASE_VERSION") || dep.Replace != nil || dep.Sum == "" {
+				t.Fatal("consumer is not a fixed remote dependency", dep)
+			}
+			t.Logf("%s remote framework %s checksum %s; no local replace", kind, dep.Version, dep.Sum)
+		}
+	}
+	write := func(name, data string) {
+		t.Helper()
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(root, name), []byte(data), 0644); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	write("omni.workspace.json", `{"services":[{"dir":"api","kind":"api"},{"dir":"project","kind":"project"}]}`)
+	for _, op := range []string{"format", "generate", "check"} {
+		output := workspaceCommand(t, root, nil, false, cli, "workspace", op)
+		if op == "format" && !strings.Contains(output, "SKIP ") {
+			t.Fatal("missing project format skip", output)
+		}
+	}
+	// Run the actual Go multi-module toolchain independently of generation.
+	workspaceCommand(t, root, nil, false, "go", "work", "init", "./api", "./project")
+	work, err := filepath.EvalSymlinks(filepath.Join(root, "go.work"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	workspaceCommand(t, root, []string{"GOWORK=" + work}, false, "go", "test", "-race", "./api/...", "./project/...")
+	workspaceCommand(t, root, []string{"GOWORK=" + work}, false, "go", "build", "./api/...", "./project/...")
+	before := workspaceSnapshot(t, root)
+	workspaceCommand(t, root, nil, false, cli, "workspace", "check")
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(before, workspaceSnapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("check modified Go workspace/module files")
+	}
+	// Omitted kinds discover both released manifests as well.
+	write("omni.workspace.json", `{"services":[{"dir":"api"},{"dir":"project"}]}`)
+	workspaceCommand(t, root, nil, false, cli, "workspace", "check")
+	originals := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kind := range []string{"api", "project"} {
+		name := kind + "/main.go"
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(root, name))
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		originals[name] = string(data)
+		write(name, string(data)+"\n// intentional drift\n")
+	}
+	before = workspaceSnapshot(t, root)
+	output := workspaceCommand(t, root, nil, true, cli, "workspace", "check")
+	if strings.Count(output, "FAIL ") != 2 {
+		t.Fatal("did not aggregate both projects", output)
+	}
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(before, workspaceSnapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("failed check wrote files")
+	}
+	// The healthy project's missing output must stay missing when another fails.
+	write("api/main.go", originals["api/main.go"])
+	if err := os.Remove(filepath.Join(root, "api/main.go")); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	before = workspaceSnapshot(t, root)
+	workspaceCommand(t, root, nil, true, cli, "workspace", "generate")
+	if !reflect.DeepEqual(before, workspaceSnapshot(t, root)) {
+		t.Fatal("partial workspace generation")
+	}
+	write("project/main.go", originals["project/main.go"])
+	workspaceCommand(t, root, nil, false, cli, "workspace", "generate")
+	workspaceCommand(t, root, nil, false, cli, "workspace", "check")
+}
+func workspaceCommand(t *testing.T, dir string, extra []string, wantFailure bool, name string, args ...string) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 3*time.Minute)
+	defer cancel()
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, args...)
+	if dir != "" {
+		cmd.Dir = dir
+	}
+	cmd.Env = append(append(os.Environ(), "GOWORK=off"), extra...)
+	data, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if wantFailure {
+		exit, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError)
+		if !ok || exit.ExitCode() != 1 {
+			t.Fatalf("expected exit 1 from %s %v: %v\n%s", name, args, err, data)
+		}
+	} else if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("%s %v: %v\n%s", name, args, err, data)
+	}
+	t.Logf("%s %v\n%s", name, args, data)
+	return string(data)
+}
+func workspaceSnapshot(t *testing.T, root string) map[string]string {
+	t.Helper()
+	files := map[string]string{}
+	err := filepath.WalkDir(root, func(path string, d os.DirEntry, err error) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if !d.IsDir() {
+			data, e := os.ReadFile(path)
+			if e != nil {
+				return e
+			}
+			rel, e := filepath.Rel(root, path)
+			if e != nil {
+				return e
+			}
+			files[rel] = string(data)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	return files
+}
--- a/config/config.go
+++ b/config/config.go
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/contract"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cors"
 	apierrors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpx"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/i18n/httpi18n"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/response"
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@ type TLSConfig struct {

 // Config controls the default runtime behavior of an App.
 type Config struct {
+	CORS                 cors.Config              `json:"cors"`
 	Request              contract.RequestPolicy   `json:"request"`
 	Address              string                   `json:"address"`
 	Transport            string                   `json:"transport"`
@@ -45,6 +48,8 @@ type Config struct {
 	Response             response.Config          `json:"response"`
 	ResponseEncoder      response.Encoder         `json:"-"`
 	LogInstance          *logx.Logger             `json:"-"`
+	LanguagePolicy       *httpi18n.Policy         `json:"-"`
+	ErrorLocalizer       apierrors.Localizer      `json:"-"`
 }

 func Default() Config {
@@ -61,6 +66,9 @@ func Default() Config {

 // Validate checks configuration values before an application starts.
 func (c Config) Validate() error {
+	if err := c.CORS.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return AtField("cors", err)
+	}
 	if err := c.Lifecycle.Validate(); err != nil {
 		return AtField("lifecycle", err)
 	}
@@ -188,12 +196,14 @@ func WithTrustedProxies(proxies ...string) Option {
 // WithConfig applies a complete configuration loaded from a file or
 // environment. Later options can still override individual fields.
 func WithConfig(settings Config) Option {
+	settings.CORS = settings.CORS.Clone()
 	settings.Response = settings.Response.Clone()
 	settings.Errors = settings.Errors.Clone()
 	settings.TrustedProxies = append([]string(nil), settings.TrustedProxies...)
 	settings.Log.RedactKeys = append([]string(nil), settings.Log.RedactKeys...)
 	return func(cfg *Config) {
 		*cfg = settings
+		cfg.CORS = settings.CORS.Clone()
 		cfg.Response = settings.Response.Clone()
 		cfg.Errors = settings.Errors.Clone()
 		cfg.TrustedProxies = append([]string(nil), settings.TrustedProxies...)
@@ -201,6 +211,12 @@ func WithConfig(settings Config) Option {
 	}
 }

+// WithCORS installs an app-local CORS policy, before routing and authentication.
+func WithCORS(settings cors.Config) Option {
+	settings = settings.Clone()
+	return func(cfg *Config) { cfg.CORS = settings.Clone() }
+}
+
 // WithResponse configures this application's default JSON envelope.
 func WithResponse(settings response.Config) Option {
 	settings = settings.Clone()
@@ -222,7 +238,8 @@ func WithLogConfig(settings logx.Config) Option {
 	}
 }

-// WithShutdownTimeout controls how long RunContext waits for active requests.
+// WithShutdownTimeout controls the graceful HTTP drain budget. After timeout,
+// HTTP.ShutdownCancelTimeout separately bounds the wait for canceled handlers.
 func WithShutdownTimeout(timeout time.Duration) Option {
 	return func(cfg *Config) {
 		if timeout > 0 {
@@ -240,6 +257,15 @@ func WithErrors(catalog apierrors.Catalog) Option {
 // WithLogInstance borrows a logger for this App without changing process logging.
 func WithLogInstance(logger *logx.Logger) Option { return func(c *Config) { c.LogInstance = logger } }

+// WithLanguagePolicy borrows an immutable HTTP language policy. Resource loading
+// remains explicit in the project; configuration strings are not dictionaries.
+func WithLanguagePolicy(policy *httpi18n.Policy) Option {
+	return func(c *Config) { c.LanguagePolicy = policy }
+}
+func WithErrorLocalizer(localizer apierrors.Localizer) Option {
+	return func(c *Config) { c.ErrorLocalizer = localizer }
+}
+
 func WithRequestPolicy(policy contract.RequestPolicy) Option {
 	return func(c *Config) { c.Request = policy }
 }
--- a/config/cors_test.go
+++ b/config/cors_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package config_test
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+)
+
+type corsProject struct {
+	Server config.Config `json:"server"`
+}
+
+func (c corsProject) Validate() error { return config.AtField("server", c.Server.Validate()) }
+
+func TestCORSConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("WEB_ORIGIN", "https://web.example")
+	for ext, source := range map[string]string{
+		"yaml": "server:\n  cors:\n    enabled: true\n    allowedOrigins:\n      - '${WEB_ORIGIN}'\n    allowedMethods: [GET, POST]\n    allowedHeaders: [Authorization, Content-Type]\n    maxAge: 10m\n",
+		"json": `{"server":{"cors":{"enabled":true,"allowedOrigins":["${WEB_ORIGIN}"],"allowedMethods":["GET","POST"],"allowedHeaders":["Authorization","Content-Type"],"maxAge":"10m"}}}`,
+		"xml":  `<config><server><cors><enabled type="bool">true</enabled><allowedOrigins type="array"><item>${WEB_ORIGIN}</item></allowedOrigins><allowedMethods type="array"><item>GET</item><item>POST</item></allowedMethods><allowedHeaders type="array"><item>Authorization</item><item>Content-Type</item></allowedHeaders><maxAge>10m</maxAge></cors></server></config>`,
+	} {
+		t.Run(ext, func(t *testing.T) {
+			path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config."+ext)
+			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(source), 0600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			cfg, err := config.LoadProject(path, corsProject{Server: config.Default()})
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if !cfg.Server.CORS.Enabled || cfg.Server.CORS.AllowedOrigins[0] != "https://web.example" || cfg.Server.CORS.MaxAge != 10*time.Minute {
+				t.Fatal(cfg.Server.CORS)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "bad.yaml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("server:\n  cors:\n    enabled: true\n    allowedOrigins:\n      - '${WEB_ORIGIN}'\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("WEB_ORIGIN", "https://user:secret@web.example")
+	_, err := config.LoadProject(path, corsProject{Server: config.Default()})
+	var d *config.Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Field != "server.cors.allowedOrigins[0]" || d.Env != "WEB_ORIGIN" || d.Line != 5 || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "secret") {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
--- a/config/diagnostic.go
+++ b/config/diagnostic.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/configdiag"
 )

 // Error is a value-free diagnostic. Cause may contain private parser details;
@@ -56,6 +58,10 @@ func validationError(err error) *Error {
 		out.cause = err
 		return &out
 	}
+	var nested *configdiag.Error
+	if errors.As(err, &nested) {
+		return &Error{Field: nested.Field, Reason: nested.Reason, cause: err}
+	}
 	var c *ConfigError
 	if errors.As(err, &c) {
 		return &Error{Field: c.Field, Reason: c.Message, cause: err}
--- a/config/http.go
+++ b/config/http.go
@@ -3,17 +3,28 @@ package config
 import (
 	"log"
 	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/httplimits"
 )

-// HTTPConfig controls built-in HTTP servers. Positive values override the
-// selected transport's defaults; zero keeps its existing behavior. Timeouts
-// follow that transport's semantics, not a handler execution deadline.
+// HTTPConfig controls HTTP serving. Network timeouts follow the selected
+// transport's semantics, not a handler execution deadline. Body limits and
+// shutdown cancellation grace also apply to App used with an external server.
 type HTTPConfig struct {
 	ReadHeaderTimeout time.Duration `json:"readHeaderTimeout"`
 	ReadTimeout       time.Duration `json:"readTimeout"`
 	WriteTimeout      time.Duration `json:"writeTimeout"`
 	IdleTimeout       time.Duration `json:"idleTimeout"`
 	MaxHeaderBytes    int           `json:"maxHeaderBytes"`
+	// DefaultMaxBodyBytes applies to App routes without an explicit limit.
+	// Zero uses 8 MiB, or the hard limit if smaller. Route limits may override it.
+	DefaultMaxBodyBytes int64 `json:"defaultMaxBodyBytes"`
+	// MaxBodyBytes is an optional service hard limit. Zero adds no hard limit
+	// below the framework's supported maximum of 1 TiB.
+	MaxBodyBytes int64 `json:"maxBodyBytes"`
+	// ShutdownCancelTimeout bounds the wait for handlers after cancellation.
+	// Zero uses 5s. Resources are retained if handlers have not returned.
+	ShutdownCancelTimeout time.Duration `json:"shutdownCancelTimeout"`
 	// ErrorLog is a Go-only hook for the nethttp server's internal diagnostics.
 	ErrorLog *log.Logger `json:"-"`
 }
@@ -27,6 +38,7 @@ func (c HTTPConfig) Validate() error {
 		{"readTimeout", c.ReadTimeout},
 		{"writeTimeout", c.WriteTimeout},
 		{"idleTimeout", c.IdleTimeout},
+		{"shutdownCancelTimeout", c.ShutdownCancelTimeout},
 	} {
 		if field.value < 0 {
 			return &ConfigError{Field: "http." + field.name, Message: "must be nonnegative"}
@@ -35,11 +47,22 @@ func (c HTTPConfig) Validate() error {
 	if c.MaxHeaderBytes < 0 {
 		return &ConfigError{Field: "http.maxHeaderBytes", Message: "must be nonnegative"}
 	}
+	for _, field := range []struct {
+		name  string
+		value int64
+	}{{"defaultMaxBodyBytes", c.DefaultMaxBodyBytes}, {"maxBodyBytes", c.MaxBodyBytes}} {
+		if field.value < 0 || field.value > httplimits.MaxBodyBytes {
+			return &ConfigError{Field: "http." + field.name, Message: "must be 0..1 TiB (bytes)"}
+		}
+	}
+	if c.MaxBodyBytes > 0 && c.DefaultMaxBodyBytes > c.MaxBodyBytes {
+		return &ConfigError{Field: "http.defaultMaxBodyBytes", Message: "must not exceed http.maxBodyBytes"}
+	}
 	return nil
 }

-// WithHTTPConfig sets the built-in server's HTTP options. RunWith uses a
-// caller-owned Runner and does not apply these options to that runner.
+// WithHTTPConfig sets HTTP options. RunWith leaves network configuration to the
+// caller-owned Runner, but App body limits and cancellation grace still apply.
 func WithHTTPConfig(settings HTTPConfig) Option {
 	return func(cfg *Config) { cfg.HTTP = settings }
 }
--- a/config/http_test.go
+++ b/config/http_test.go
@@ -93,3 +93,40 @@ func TestHTTPInvalidAndUnsupportedSettings(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestHTTPBodyAndCancellationSettings(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, cfg := range []config.HTTPConfig{
+		{DefaultMaxBodyBytes: -1}, {MaxBodyBytes: -1}, {DefaultMaxBodyBytes: 1<<40 + 1}, {MaxBodyBytes: 1<<40 + 1},
+		{DefaultMaxBodyBytes: 1024, MaxBodyBytes: 512}, {ShutdownCancelTimeout: -time.Second},
+	} {
+		if err := cfg.Validate(); err == nil {
+			t.Fatalf("invalid HTTP config accepted: %+v", cfg)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, transport := range []string{config.TransportNetHTTP, config.TransportNative, config.TransportHTTP2} {
+		cfg := config.Default()
+		cfg.Transport = transport
+		cfg.TLS = config.TLSConfig{CertFile: "c", KeyFile: "k"}
+		cfg.HTTP = config.HTTPConfig{DefaultMaxBodyBytes: 1 << 20, MaxBodyBytes: 16 << 20, ShutdownCancelTimeout: time.Second}
+		if err := cfg.ValidateTransport(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	t.Setenv("OMNI_BODY_HARD", "16777216")
+	for _, file := range []struct{ name, body string }{
+		{"config.json", `{"http":{"defaultMaxBodyBytes":1048576,"maxBodyBytes":"${OMNI_BODY_HARD}","shutdownCancelTimeout":"250ms"}}`},
+		{"config.yaml", "http:\n  defaultMaxBodyBytes: 1048576\n  maxBodyBytes: ${OMNI_BODY_HARD}\n  shutdownCancelTimeout: 250ms\n"},
+	} {
+		path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), file.name)
+		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(file.body), 0600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		cfg, err := config.LoadFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if cfg.HTTP.DefaultMaxBodyBytes != 1<<20 || cfg.HTTP.MaxBodyBytes != 16<<20 || cfg.HTTP.ShutdownCancelTimeout != 250*time.Millisecond {
+			t.Fatalf("loaded %+v", cfg.HTTP)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/config/moduleDiagnostics_test.go
+++ b/config/moduleDiagnostics_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+package config_test
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	mysql "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/database/mysql"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpc"
+)
+
+type moduleConfig struct {
+	Database mysql.Config  `json:"database"`
+	Server   config.Config `json:"server"`
+	Client   httpc.Config  `json:"client"`
+}
+
+func (c moduleConfig) Validate() error {
+	if err := c.Database.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return config.AtField("database", err)
+	}
+	if err := c.Server.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return config.AtField("server", err)
+	}
+	return config.AtField("client", c.Client.Validate())
+}
+func TestModuleFieldDiagnostics(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct{ name, source, field, reason string }{
+		{"port", "database:\n  port: 70000\n", "database.port", "1 and 65535"},
+		{"host", "database:\n  host: 'invalid host'\n", "database.host", "hostname"},
+		{"pool", "database:\n  pool:\n    maxIdleConns: 999\n", "database.pool.maxIdleConns", "maxOpenConns"},
+		{"ping", "database:\n  pool:\n    pingTimeout: 0s\n", "database.pool.pingTimeout", "positive"},
+		{"timeout", "database:\n  readTimeout: -1s\n", "database.readTimeout", "nonnegative"},
+		{"mysqlZone", "database:\n  location: Secret/Not_A_Zone\n", "database.location", "IANA"},
+		{"tlsPair", "database:\n  tls:\n    certFile: secret-file\n    keyFile: ''\n", "database.tls.keyFile", "certFile"},
+		{"level", "server:\n  log:\n    level: secret-level\n", "server.log.level", "debug"},
+		{"format", "server:\n  log:\n    format: secret-format\n", "server.log.format", "json or text"},
+		{"rotation", "server:\n  log:\n    rotation:\n      maxBackups: -1\n", "server.log.rotation.maxBackups", "10000"},
+		{"zone", "server:\n  log:\n    timeZone: Secret/Not_A_Zone\n", "server.log.timeZone", "IANA"},
+		{"lifecycle", "server:\n  lifecycle:\n    stopTimeout: -1s\n", "server.lifecycle.stopTimeout", "nonnegative"},
+		{"policy", "server:\n  request:\n    body: secret-mode\n", "server.request.body", "required"},
+		{"clientPool", "client:\n  maxIdleConns: -1\n", "client.maxIdleConns", "131072"},
+		{"proxy", "client:\n  proxy:\n    mode: url\n    url: 'https://private:secret@localhost/path'\n", "client.proxy.url", "origin"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.yaml")
+			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(tc.source), 0600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			_, err := config.LoadProject(path, moduleConfig{Database: mysql.DefaultConfig(), Server: config.Default()})
+			var d *config.Error
+			if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Field != tc.field || d.File != path || d.Line <= 1 || d.Column <= 0 || !strings.Contains(d.Reason, tc.reason) {
+				t.Fatalf("diagnostic: %v", err)
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "secret") || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Secret/") || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "private") {
+				t.Fatalf("value leaked: %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+func TestModuleDiagnosticsKeepReferenceAndCause(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("CHECK_PORT", "70000")
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.yaml")
+	os.WriteFile(path, []byte("database:\n  port: '${CHECK_PORT}'\n"), 0600)
+	_, err := config.LoadProject(path, moduleConfig{Database: mysql.DefaultConfig(), Server: config.Default()})
+	var d *config.Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Field != "database.port" || d.Env != "CHECK_PORT" || d.Line != 2 {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	original := mysql.DefaultConfig()
+	original.Port = 70000
+	cause := original.Validate()
+	wrapped := config.AtField("database", cause)
+	if !errors.Is(wrapped, cause) {
+		t.Fatal("lost original validation error")
+	}
+	// Unknown project errors continue to be redacted rather than echoed.
+	wrapped = config.AtField("custom", errors.New("private-password"))
+	if strings.Contains(wrapped.Error(), "private-password") {
+		t.Fatal(wrapped)
+	}
+}
--- a/contract/bind.go
+++ b/contract/bind.go
@@ -380,7 +380,10 @@ func decodeValue(dec *json.Decoder, depth int) (any, error) {
 			object[name] = value
 		}
 		end, err := dec.Token()
-		if err != nil || end != json.Delim('}') {
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if end != json.Delim('}') {
 			return nil, errors.New("unterminated object")
 		}
 		return object, nil
@@ -394,7 +397,10 @@ func decodeValue(dec *json.Decoder, depth int) (any, error) {
 			items = append(items, v)
 		}
 		end, err := dec.Token()
-		if err != nil || end != json.Delim(']') {
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if end != json.Delim(']') {
 			return nil, errors.New("unterminated array")
 		}
 		return items, nil
--- a/contract/policy.go
+++ b/contract/policy.go
@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@ package contract
 import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"strings"
 	"unicode/utf8"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/configdiag"
 )

 // RequestPolicy describes protocol strictness, independently of business
@@ -35,7 +37,7 @@ func (p RequestPolicy) Validate() error {
 			ok = ok || value == item.value
 		}
 		if !ok {
-			return fmt.Errorf("request policy: invalid %s", item.name)
+			return configdiag.New(item.name, "must be one of "+strings.Join(item.allowed, ", "))
 		}
 	}
 	return nil
--- a/contract/policy_test.go
+++ b/contract/policy_test.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package contract
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	apierrors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
 	"io"
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/iotest"
 )

 type byteReader struct{ r io.Reader }
@@ -34,6 +36,17 @@ func TestBodyPolicyPropagatesOuterLimit(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+func TestJSONClosingDelimiterPreservesReaderCause(t *testing.T) {
+	cause := errors.New("body reader failed")
+	for _, prefix := range []string{"{", "[", `{"value":[]`, `[{}`} {
+		reader := io.MultiReader(byteReader{strings.NewReader(prefix)}, iotest.ErrReader(cause))
+		_, err := decodeValue(json.NewDecoder(reader), 0)
+		if !errors.Is(err, cause) {
+			t.Fatalf("prefix %q: lost reader cause: %v", prefix, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStrictRequestPolicy(t *testing.T) {
 	type request struct {
 		Name string   `json:"name"`
--- a/copyx/check.go
+++ b/copyx/check.go
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package copyx
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"reflect"
+	"sort"
+)
+
+// ErrDynamicType means a source interface requires a concrete runtime value.
+// An exact converter can explicitly own that dynamic boundary.
+var ErrDynamicType = errors.New("copyx: dynamic source type requires runtime validation or an exact converter")
+
+// Check validates a source/target type pair using the same options as Copy.
+// It never executes converters and requires no example values. Nil policies,
+// converter failures, map-key collisions and deep reference isolation still
+// require runtime checks. Options remain local; no mapping files or registration.
+func Check[S, T any](options ...Option) error {
+	c, err := New(options...)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return c.Check(reflect.TypeFor[S](), reflect.TypeFor[T]())
+}
+
+// Check validates types with an existing Copier's immutable settings. The target
+// is the result type (not Copy's extra output pointer). Safe for concurrent use.
+func (c *Copier) Check(source, target reflect.Type) error {
+	if c == nil {
+		return errors.New("copyx: nil Copier")
+	}
+	if source == nil || target == nil {
+		return errors.New("copyx: source and target types are required")
+	}
+	return newTypeChecker(&c.options, false).check(source, target, "$", 0)
+}
+
+type typeChecker struct {
+	options      *settings
+	allowDynamic bool
+	seen         map[pair]bool
+	nodes        int
+}
+
+func newTypeChecker(options *settings, allowDynamic bool) *typeChecker {
+	return &typeChecker{options: options, allowDynamic: allowDynamic, seen: map[pair]bool{}}
+}
+
+// Absent elements can reveal type/field mismatches, but contain no actual
+// resource handles or dynamic interface values to validate. Runtime checks stay
+// responsible for those value-dependent cases.
+func (s *state) checkAbsent(from, to reflect.Type, path string) error {
+	if s.checkedTypes == nil {
+		s.checkedTypes = map[pair]bool{}
+	}
+	checker := typeChecker{options: s.options, allowDynamic: true, seen: s.checkedTypes, nodes: s.checkedNodes}
+	err := checker.check(from, to, path, 0)
+	s.checkedNodes = checker.nodes
+	return err
+}
+func (c *typeChecker) check(from, to reflect.Type, path string, depth int) error {
+	c.nodes++
+	if depth > maxDepth || c.nodes > maxNodes {
+		return at(path, ErrLimit)
+	}
+	key := pair{from, to}
+	if c.seen[key] {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.seen[key] = true
+	if !c.allowDynamic && !shallowSafe(to) {
+		return at(path, ErrUnsupported)
+	}
+	if _, ok := c.options.converters[key]; ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if from == to && len(c.options.converters) == 0 && len(c.options.fields) == 0 && !c.options.skipZero && c.options.nilPolicy != NilSkip {
+		if !c.options.deep || simpleValue(to) {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	if from.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
+		if c.allowDynamic {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return at(path, ErrDynamicType)
+	}
+	if to.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
+		if !from.Implements(to) {
+			return at(path, ErrType)
+		}
+		return c.check(from, from, path, depth+1)
+	}
+	if !c.allowDynamic && c.options.deep && forbidden(to) {
+		return at(path, ErrUnsupported)
+	}
+	if from.Kind() == reflect.Pointer && to.Kind() != reflect.Pointer {
+		return c.check(from.Elem(), to, path, depth+1)
+	}
+	if to.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+		if !c.options.deep && from == to {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if from.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
+			from = from.Elem()
+		}
+		return c.check(from, to.Elem(), path, depth+1)
+	}
+	if from.Kind() != to.Kind() {
+		return at(path, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s -> %s", ErrType, from, to))
+	}
+	if to == timeType && from == to {
+		return nil
+	}
+	switch to.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		for i := 0; i < to.NumField(); i++ {
+			f := to.Field(i)
+			if !c.allowDynamic && f.PkgPath != "" && (from != to || c.options.deep && privateMutable(f.Type)) {
+				return at(path+"."+f.Name, ErrUnsupported)
+			}
+		}
+		sources, targets := exportedFields(from), exportedFields(to)
+		rules := c.options.fields[key]
+		if rules == nil {
+			rules = &fields{}
+		}
+		reverse, used := map[string]string{}, map[string]bool{}
+		for a, b := range rules.names {
+			reverse[b] = a
+		}
+		for _, name := range sortedFieldNames(targets) {
+			if rules.ignoreTarget[name] {
+				continue
+			}
+			sourceName := name
+			if n, ok := reverse[name]; ok {
+				sourceName = n
+			}
+			source, ok := sources[sourceName]
+			if !ok || rules.ignoreSource[sourceName] {
+				return at(path+"."+name, ErrField)
+			}
+			used[sourceName] = true
+			if err := c.check(source.Type, targets[name].Type, path+"."+name, depth+1); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		if c.options.strict {
+			for _, name := range sortedFieldNames(sources) {
+				if !used[name] && !rules.ignoreSource[name] {
+					return at(path+"."+name, ErrField)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	case reflect.Slice:
+		if !c.options.deep && from == to {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return c.check(from.Elem(), to.Elem(), path+"[]", depth+1)
+	case reflect.Array:
+		if from.Len() != to.Len() {
+			return at(path, ErrType)
+		}
+		return c.check(from.Elem(), to.Elem(), path+"[]", depth+1)
+	case reflect.Map:
+		if !c.options.deep && from == to {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if err := c.check(from.Key(), to.Key(), path+"[key]", depth+1); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return c.check(from.Elem(), to.Elem(), path+"[value]", depth+1)
+	case reflect.Func, reflect.Chan, reflect.UnsafePointer:
+		if c.options.deep && !c.allowDynamic {
+			return at(path, ErrUnsupported)
+		}
+	}
+	if from != to {
+		return at(path, fmt.Errorf("%w: %s -> %s", ErrType, from, to))
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func sortedFieldNames(fields map[string]reflect.StructField) []string {
+	names := make([]string, 0, len(fields))
+	for name := range fields {
+		names = append(names, name)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(names)
+	return names
+}
--- a/copyx/check_test.go
+++ b/copyx/check_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+package copyx_test
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/copyx"
+)
+
+type checkSource struct{ Rows []checkSourceRow }
+type checkSourceRow struct{ Value string }
+type checkTarget struct{ Rows []checkTargetRow }
+type checkTargetRow struct{ Value int }
+type recursiveSource struct {
+	Children []*recursiveSource
+	Value    string
+}
+type recursiveTarget struct {
+	Children []*recursiveTarget
+	Value    int
+}
+type recursiveCompatible struct {
+	Children []*recursiveCompatible
+	Value    string
+}
+
+func TestCheckTypesAndEmptyCollections(t *testing.T) {
+	err := copyx.Check[checkSource, checkTarget]()
+	var field *copyx.Error
+	if !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) || !errors.As(err, &field) || field.Path != "$.Rows[].Value" {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for _, rows := range [][]checkSourceRow{nil, {}, {{Value: "42"}}} {
+		out := checkTarget{Rows: []checkTargetRow{{Value: 99}}}
+		if err := copyx.Copy(&out, checkSource{rows}); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+			t.Fatalf("rows %v: %v", rows, err)
+		}
+		if len(out.Rows) != 1 || out.Rows[0].Value != 99 {
+			t.Fatal("partial target committed")
+		}
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[map[string]checkSourceRow, map[string]checkTargetRow](); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var dst map[string]checkTargetRow
+	if err := copyx.Copy(&dst, map[string]checkSourceRow{}); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var array [0]checkTargetRow
+	if err := copyx.Copy(&array, [0]checkSourceRow{}); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[map[string]int, map[int]int](); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[[2]int, [3]int](); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[*recursiveSource, *recursiveTarget](); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[*recursiveSource, *recursiveCompatible](copyx.WithDeepCopy()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+func TestCheckRulesAndConverterBoundaries(t *testing.T) {
+	type from struct {
+		Name  string
+		Extra bool
+	}
+	type to struct {
+		Label string
+		Keep  int
+	}
+	options := []copyx.Option{copyx.WithStrictFields(), copyx.WithFieldNames[from, to](map[string]string{"Name": "Label"}), copyx.WithIgnoreSource[from, to]("Extra"), copyx.WithIgnoreTarget[from, to]("Keep")}
+	if err := copyx.Check[from, to](options...); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[from, to](); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrField) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	type short struct{ Name string }
+	if err := copyx.Check[from, short](copyx.WithStrictFields()); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrField) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[checkSource, checkTarget](copyx.WithConverter(func(string) (int, error) { panic("check must not execute converters") })); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[struct{ Value any }, struct{ Value int }](); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrDynamicType) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[any, int](copyx.WithConverter(func(any) (int, error) { panic("not called") })); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[*int, int](); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	} // Actual nil remains a runtime error.
+	var src *int
+	dst := 1
+	if err := copyx.Copy(&dst, src); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrNil) || dst != 1 {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	var empty []int
+	if err := copyx.Copy(&empty, []any{}); err != nil || empty == nil {
+		t.Fatal("dynamic emptiness changed", err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[sync.Mutex, sync.Mutex](); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrUnsupported) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	option := copyx.WithConverter(func(v []int) ([]int, error) { return v, nil })
+	if err := copyx.Check[[]int, []int](copyx.WithDeepCopy(), option); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := copyx.Clone([]int{1}, option); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrSharedReference) {
+		t.Fatal("type check bypassed graph audit", err)
+	}
+}
+func TestCopierCheckConcurrentAndOptionsIsolation(t *testing.T) {
+	good, _ := copyx.New(copyx.WithConverter(func(string) (int, error) { return 42, nil }))
+	bad, _ := copyx.New()
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 24; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < 20; j++ {
+				if err := good.Check(reflect.TypeFor[checkSource](), reflect.TypeFor[checkTarget]()); err != nil {
+					t.Error(err)
+				}
+				if err := bad.Check(reflect.TypeFor[checkSource](), reflect.TypeFor[checkTarget]()); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+					t.Error(err)
+				}
+				var target checkTarget
+				if err := good.Copy(&target, checkSource{Rows: []checkSourceRow{}}); err != nil || target.Rows == nil {
+					t.Error(err)
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	if err := good.Check(nil, reflect.TypeFor[int]()); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("nil type accepted")
+	}
+	var absent *copyx.Copier
+	if err := absent.Check(reflect.TypeFor[int](), reflect.TypeFor[int]()); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("nil copier accepted")
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[int, string](); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "int -> string") {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+func BenchmarkTypeCheck(b *testing.B) {
+	c, _ := copyx.New(copyx.WithConverter(func(string) (int, error) { return 1, nil }))
+	from, to := reflect.TypeFor[checkSource](), reflect.TypeFor[checkTarget]()
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		if err := c.Check(from, to); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmptyTypeCheckPreservesAbsentValueSemantics(t *testing.T) {
+	var callback func()
+	if out, err := copyx.Clone(callback); err != nil || out != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if out, err := copyx.Clone([]func(){}); err != nil || out == nil || len(out) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if _, err := copyx.Clone([]func(){func() {}}); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrUnsupported) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := copyx.Check[[]func(), []func()](copyx.WithDeepCopy()); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrUnsupported) {
+		t.Fatal("preflight must report potentially non-nil handles", err)
+	}
+	type from struct {
+		Ignored *int
+		Value   string
+	}
+	type to struct {
+		Ignored *int
+		Value   int
+	}
+	var dst []to
+	if err := copyx.Copy(&dst, []from{}, copyx.WithDeepCopy()); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
--- a/copyx/copy.go
+++ b/copyx/copy.go
@@ -89,12 +89,14 @@ type visit struct {
 	target reflect.Type
 }
 type state struct {
-	options   *settings
-	seen      map[visit]reflect.Value
-	graph     *graph
-	nodes     int
-	allocated uint64
-	valueRoot *reference
+	options      *settings
+	seen         map[visit]reflect.Value
+	graph        *graph
+	nodes        int
+	allocated    uint64
+	valueRoot    *reference
+	checkedTypes map[pair]bool
+	checkedNodes int
 }

 func (s *state) reserve(count int, size uintptr, path string) error {
@@ -239,6 +241,11 @@ func (s *state) walk(src, base reflect.Value, t reflect.Type, path string, depth
 	case reflect.Struct:
 		return s.structure(src, base, t, path, depth)
 	case reflect.Slice:
+		if src.Len() == 0 {
+			if err := s.checkAbsent(src.Type(), t, path); err != nil {
+				return reflect.Value{}, err
+			}
+		}
 		if !s.options.deep && src.Type() == t {
 			return src, nil
 		}
@@ -264,6 +271,11 @@ func (s *state) walk(src, base reflect.Value, t reflect.Type, path string, depth
 		}
 		return out, nil
 	case reflect.Array:
+		if src.Len() == 0 {
+			if err := s.checkAbsent(src.Type(), t, path); err != nil {
+				return reflect.Value{}, err
+			}
+		}
 		if src.Len() != t.Len() {
 			return reflect.Value{}, at(path, ErrType)
 		}
@@ -280,6 +292,11 @@ func (s *state) walk(src, base reflect.Value, t reflect.Type, path string, depth
 		}
 		return out, nil
 	case reflect.Map:
+		if src.Len() == 0 {
+			if err := s.checkAbsent(src.Type(), t, path); err != nil {
+				return reflect.Value{}, err
+			}
+		}
 		if !s.options.deep && src.Type() == t {
 			return src, nil
 		}
--- a/cors/README.md
+++ b/cors/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# 可选 CORS
+
+CORS 控制浏览器能否跨源读取 HTTP 响应。默认关闭；同源反向代理可以保持关闭。模块无 Gin 或具体业务依赖，标准库/native/HTTP2 与自定义 Runner 使用相同 App 接入策略。
+
+## 生成项目只改配置
+
+在既有 `etc/config.yaml` 的 `server` 中加入，无需修改 main、svc 或每条 `.api` 路由：
+
+```yaml
+server:
+  cors:
+    enabled: true
+    allowedOrigins:
+      - https://admin.example.com
+      - https://merchant.example.com
+    allowedMethods: [GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE]
+    allowedHeaders: [Authorization, Content-Type]
+    exposedHeaders: [X-Request-ID, Content-Disposition]
+    allowCredentials: false
+    maxAge: 10m
+```
+
+文件也可显式引用环境变量：`allowedOrigins: ["${WEB_ORIGIN}"]`。一个数组元素代表一个来源，不把逗号分隔环境文本隐式拆成多个来源。JSON/YAML/XML 走同一加载和校验；非法配置定位 `server.cors.allowedOrigins[0]` 等字段、文件及可用环境名/行列，不回显值。
+
+```sh
+go run . -config etc/config.yaml -check-config
+go run ./examples/cors # 在框架源码根目录运行独立示例
+```
+
+## 手写项目与独立 HTTP 服务
+
+```go
+app := omni.New(omni.WithCORS(omni.CORSConfig{
+    Enabled: true,
+    AllowedOrigins: []string{"https://web.example.com"},
+    AllowedMethods: []string{"GET", "POST"},
+    AllowedHeaders: []string{"Authorization", "Content-Type"},
+}))
+```
+
+已有 net/http 服务也可单独使用，不需要创建 App：
+
+```go
+policy, err := cors.New(cors.Config{
+    Enabled: true,
+    AllowedOrigins: []string{"https://web.example.com"},
+})
+if err != nil { return err }
+handler := policy.Wrap(existingHandler)
+```
+
+Config/New/WithCORS 在初始化时校验并快照配置；同一 Policy 可并发复用。`Config.Validate()` 返回 error，直接向 `omni.New` 传非法选项沿用框架初始化 panic 约定；生成项目在创建 App 前已校验。
+
+## 配置规则
+
+| 字段 | 规则 |
+| --- | --- |
+| enabled | 默认 false；关闭时直接使用原 Handler，不添加头、不拦截 OPTIONS |
+| allowedOrigins | 启用时必填。完整 HTTP(S) origin（协议＋主机＋可选端口），无路径、尾斜杠、userinfo、查询或片段。配置中的协议/主机转小写、默认 80/443 端口省略；请求匹配浏览器序列化后的来源 |
+| allowedMethods | 空列表默认 GET、HEAD、POST；填写后使用指定集合。大写方法名，拒绝浏览器禁止的 CONNECT/TRACE/TRACK，不提供方法通配符 |
+| allowedHeaders | 空列表不批准额外预检请求头。Authorization、JSON Content-Type 等按需要列出；名称忽略大小写，不提供通配符 |
+| exposedHeaders | 默认空；额外允许前端 JS 读取的响应头，例如下载文件名用 Content-Disposition。浏览器本来就可读取的安全列表不需重复填写 |
+| allowCredentials | 默认 false；跨源 Cookie 等凭据模式需要显式 true 和具体来源。单纯手动设置 Authorization 头只需列入 allowedHeaders，不必因此开启 Cookie 凭据模式 |
+| maxAge | 浏览器缓存预检结果的时长，必须非负且为整秒；0 不发送该头。浏览器可按自身上限截短 |
+
+公开无凭据 API 可使用唯一来源 `"*"`；与 `allowCredentials: true` 或其他来源并存会报错。此版本只支持 HTTP(S) 来源，拒绝 `null`、子域通配符、正则、file:// 和不透明来源。国际化域名填写浏览器发送的 ASCII/Punycode 形式；IP 使用完整标准形式。不会为匹配来源查询 DNS。
+
+## 预检、错误响应与安全边界
+
+- CORS 位于路由/业务中间件外层。只有 OPTIONS 且同时带 Origin 和 Access-Control-Request-Method 才视为预检；普通 OPTIONS 继续执行项目逻辑。
+- 合法预检返回 **204 空响应**，不进入业务中间件、鉴权、Logic 或业务响应包装。拒绝预检返回 **403 空响应**，不暴露内部原因；两者是协议响应，不受业务“失败也返回 HTTP 200”的设置影响。
+- 预检验证全局来源、方法、请求头策略，不探测路由存在性；通过不代表实际接口一定存在。实际请求仍由路由处理，可返回 404/405。
+- 实际请求继续正常鉴权；来源/方法获准时，正常响应、401/403、404/405、框架恢复的 500 都带 CORS 头，响应体、状态和错误目录不变。协议解析、TLS、网络层过载等在进入 App 前发生的拒绝不由本模块改写。
+- 未获准或没有 Origin 的实际请求仍正常进入业务，只是不添加 CORS 许可头。CORS 不等于身份认证、服务端访问控制或 CSRF 防护；服务端回调仍需项目自己的验签/鉴权。
+- 始终追加并去重 `Vary: Origin`；预检再追加请求方法/请求头的 Vary，保留原有 Vary 与 `*`。不要在下游代码覆盖这些头。代理与应用选择一处负责 CORS，避免重复头或冲突策略。
+- 不包装 ResponseWriter、不读取/缓存 body、不克隆 Request。下载、上传、Flush、Hijack 和请求上下文保留；不增加响应体大小限制或改写统一返回格式。
+- 使用 App、Engine、NewServer 或 Run/ServeContext/RunWith 接入。Router() 暴露底层路由供高级注册，单独拿 Router().ServeHTTP 服务会绕过应用的外层策略。
+- App 内业务日志/指标不统计被提前结束的预检；如需记录全部流量，在 App 外层或代理配置访问日志。不要让全局登录校验挡在 CORS 预检之前。
+
+配置最多 1024 个来源、每个最多 4096 字节；方法/请求头/暴露头各最多 128 个且名称最多 256 字节；预检请求头列表最多 128 项、8192 字节。拒绝 CRLF、歧义的重复 Origin/请求方法及非法 token。WebSocket Origin 校验、Private Network Access 扩展和云桶 CORS 不包含在本模块中，按对应服务配置。
+
+规则依据：[Fetch CORS 协议](https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#http-cors-protocol)、[凭据规则](https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#cors-protocol-and-credentials)、[缓存规则](https://fetch.spec.whatwg.org/#cors-protocol-and-http-caches)。可运行示例：[examples/cors](../examples/cors/README.md)。
--- a/cors/config.go
+++ b/cors/config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+// Package cors implements optional, transport-independent browser CORS policy.
+// It does not authenticate requests or provide CSRF protection.
+package cors
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/configdiag"
+)
+
+// Config is disabled by default. Origins are exact HTTP(S) origins, or a single
+// "*" for public responses without credentials. Patterns and "null" are rejected.
+// Empty methods default to GET, HEAD, POST; empty header lists grant no extra
+// permissions. MaxAge is a nonnegative whole number of seconds; zero omits it.
+type Config struct {
+	Enabled          bool          `json:"enabled"`
+	AllowedOrigins   []string      `json:"allowedOrigins"`
+	AllowedMethods   []string      `json:"allowedMethods"`
+	AllowedHeaders   []string      `json:"allowedHeaders"`
+	ExposedHeaders   []string      `json:"exposedHeaders"`
+	AllowCredentials bool          `json:"allowCredentials"`
+	MaxAge           time.Duration `json:"maxAge"`
+}
+
+func (c Config) Clone() Config {
+	c.AllowedOrigins = append([]string(nil), c.AllowedOrigins...)
+	c.AllowedMethods = append([]string(nil), c.AllowedMethods...)
+	c.AllowedHeaders = append([]string(nil), c.AllowedHeaders...)
+	c.ExposedHeaders = append([]string(nil), c.ExposedHeaders...)
+	return c
+}
+
+// Validate never echoes configured values in diagnostics. Invalid settings are
+// rejected even when disabled; an empty origin list is legal only when disabled.
+func (c Config) Validate() error {
+	if c.Enabled && len(c.AllowedOrigins) == 0 {
+		return configdiag.New("allowedOrigins", "is required when CORS is enabled")
+	}
+	if c.MaxAge < 0 || c.MaxAge%time.Second != 0 {
+		return configdiag.New("maxAge", "must be a nonnegative whole number of seconds")
+	}
+	if len(c.AllowedOrigins) > 1024 {
+		return configdiag.New("allowedOrigins", "must contain at most 1024 entries")
+	}
+	for i, origin := range c.AllowedOrigins {
+		field := "allowedOrigins[" + strconv.Itoa(i) + "]"
+		if origin == "*" {
+			if c.AllowCredentials || len(c.AllowedOrigins) != 1 {
+				return configdiag.New(field, "wildcard requires a single origin entry and allowCredentials=false")
+			}
+		} else if _, ok := normalizeOrigin(origin); !ok {
+			return configdiag.New(field, "must be an HTTP(S) origin without credentials, path, query, fragment or wildcard")
+		}
+	}
+	for _, list := range []struct {
+		name   string
+		values []string
+	}{{"allowedMethods", c.AllowedMethods}, {"allowedHeaders", c.AllowedHeaders}, {"exposedHeaders", c.ExposedHeaders}} {
+		if len(list.values) > 128 {
+			return configdiag.New(list.name, "must contain at most 128 entries")
+		}
+		for i, value := range list.values {
+			field := list.name + "[" + strconv.Itoa(i) + "]"
+			if !token(value) || value == "*" {
+				return configdiag.New(field, "must be an explicit HTTP token, not a wildcard")
+			}
+			if list.name == "allowedMethods" && (value != strings.ToUpper(value) || value == "CONNECT" || value == "TRACE" || value == "TRACK") {
+				return configdiag.New(field, "must be an uppercase browser-allowed HTTP method")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Normalize configured scheme/host case and default ports once. Request values
+// match serialized browser origins; arbitrary URL prefixes/suffixes never match.
+func normalizeOrigin(origin string) (string, bool) {
+	if len(origin) == 0 || len(origin) > 4096 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	for _, b := range []byte(origin) {
+		if b <= 32 || b >= 127 || strings.ContainsRune("\\%?#*", rune(b)) {
+			return "", false
+		}
+	}
+	u, err := url.Parse(origin)
+	if err != nil || u.User != nil || u.Opaque != "" || u.Path != "" || u.RawQuery != "" || u.Fragment != "" || u.Host == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	scheme, host := strings.ToLower(u.Scheme), strings.ToLower(u.Hostname())
+	if (scheme != "http" && scheme != "https") || host == "" || strings.HasSuffix(u.Host, ":") {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(host, ":") {
+		ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(host)
+		if err != nil || !ip.Is6() || ip.Zone() != "" {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		host = "[" + ip.String() + "]"
+		if ip.Is4In6() {
+			// Browsers serialize mapped IPv4 as hex IPv6 pieces; netip.String
+			// uses a dotted-decimal tail instead.
+			b := ip.As16()
+			host = "[::ffff:" + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(b[12])<<8|uint64(b[13]), 16) + ":" + strconv.FormatUint(uint64(b[14])<<8|uint64(b[15]), 16) + "]"
+		}
+	} else {
+		if strings.ContainsAny(u.Host, "[]") {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		for _, b := range []byte(host) {
+			if !(b >= 'a' && b <= 'z' || b >= '0' && b <= '9' || b == '.' || b == '-') {
+				return "", false
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	port := u.Port()
+	if port != "" {
+		n, err := strconv.Atoi(port)
+		if err != nil || n < 1 || n > 65535 {
+			return "", false
+		}
+		if !(scheme == "https" && n == 443 || scheme == "http" && n == 80) {
+			host = net.JoinHostPort(strings.Trim(host, "[]"), strconv.Itoa(n))
+		}
+	}
+	return scheme + "://" + host, true
+}
+
+func token(s string) bool {
+	if s == "" || len(s) > 256 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, b := range []byte(s) {
+		if !(b >= 'a' && b <= 'z' || b >= 'A' && b <= 'Z' || b >= '0' && b <= '9' || strings.ContainsRune("!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~", rune(b))) {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
--- a/cors/cors.go
+++ b/cors/cors.go
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package cors
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Policy is immutable after New and safe to share between concurrent requests.
+type Policy struct {
+	enabled, wildcard, credentials                    bool
+	origins, methods, headers                         map[string]struct{}
+	allowMethods, allowHeaders, exposeHeaders, maxAge string
+}
+
+// New validates and snapshots policy. It performs no network or DNS operations.
+func New(c Config) (*Policy, error) {
+	if err := c.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	p := &Policy{enabled: c.Enabled, credentials: c.AllowCredentials}
+	if !c.Enabled {
+		return p, nil
+	}
+	p.origins = make(map[string]struct{}, len(c.AllowedOrigins))
+	for _, origin := range c.AllowedOrigins {
+		if origin == "*" {
+			p.wildcard = true
+			continue
+		}
+		normalized, _ := normalizeOrigin(origin)
+		p.origins[normalized] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	methods := c.AllowedMethods
+	if len(methods) == 0 {
+		methods = []string{http.MethodGet, http.MethodHead, http.MethodPost}
+	}
+	p.methods, p.allowMethods = compileList(methods, false)
+	p.headers, p.allowHeaders = compileList(c.AllowedHeaders, true)
+	_, p.exposeHeaders = compileList(c.ExposedHeaders, true)
+	if c.MaxAge > 0 {
+		p.maxAge = strconv.FormatInt(int64(c.MaxAge/time.Second), 10)
+	}
+	return p, nil
+}
+
+func compileList(values []string, header bool) (map[string]struct{}, string) {
+	set := make(map[string]struct{}, len(values))
+	list := make([]string, 0, len(values))
+	for _, value := range values {
+		key := value
+		if header {
+			key = strings.ToLower(value)
+			value = http.CanonicalHeaderKey(value)
+		}
+		if _, exists := set[key]; exists {
+			continue
+		}
+		set[key] = struct{}{}
+		list = append(list, value)
+	}
+	return set, strings.Join(list, ", ")
+}
+
+// Wrap installs CORS outside routing/authentication. Only actual CORS preflights
+// are short-circuited. Actual requests always continue through normal handlers;
+// an unlisted Origin receives no permission to read the response in a browser.
+// The original ResponseWriter, Request and body pass through without buffering.
+func (p *Policy) Wrap(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	if next == nil {
+		panic("cors: nil handler")
+	}
+	if p == nil {
+		panic("cors: nil policy")
+	}
+	if !p.enabled {
+		return next
+	}
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		h := w.Header()
+		vary(h, "Origin")
+		origins := r.Header.Values("Origin")
+		// An OPTIONS request without Origin or Access-Control-Request-Method is
+		// ordinary application traffic, including user-defined OPTIONS handlers.
+		requestedMethods := r.Header.Values("Access-Control-Request-Method")
+		preflight := r.Method == http.MethodOptions && len(origins) > 0 && len(requestedMethods) > 0
+		if preflight {
+			vary(h, "Access-Control-Request-Method")
+			vary(h, "Access-Control-Request-Headers")
+		}
+		if len(origins) != 1 || !p.allowsOrigin(origins[0]) {
+			if preflight {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+				return
+			}
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			return
+		}
+		if preflight {
+			if len(requestedMethods) != 1 || !p.allowsMethod(requestedMethods[0]) || !p.allowsHeaders(r.Header.Values("Access-Control-Request-Headers")) {
+				w.WriteHeader(http.StatusForbidden)
+				return
+			}
+			p.allowOrigin(h, origins[0])
+			h.Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", p.allowMethods)
+			if p.allowHeaders != "" {
+				h.Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", p.allowHeaders)
+			}
+			if p.maxAge != "" {
+				h.Set("Access-Control-Max-Age", p.maxAge)
+			}
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusNoContent)
+			return
+		}
+		// Match the actual method too: this grants response access, not permission
+		// to execute a side effect. Authentication/CSRF checks remain in the app.
+		if p.allowsMethod(r.Method) {
+			p.allowOrigin(h, origins[0])
+			if p.exposeHeaders != "" {
+				h.Set("Access-Control-Expose-Headers", p.exposeHeaders)
+			}
+		}
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
+
+func (p *Policy) allowsOrigin(origin string) bool {
+	if !p.wildcard {
+		_, ok := p.origins[origin]
+		return ok
+	}
+	normalized, ok := normalizeOrigin(origin)
+	return ok && normalized == origin
+}
+func (p *Policy) allowsMethod(method string) bool { _, ok := p.methods[method]; return ok }
+func (p *Policy) allowOrigin(h http.Header, origin string) {
+	if p.wildcard {
+		origin = "*"
+	}
+	h.Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", origin)
+	if p.credentials {
+		h.Set("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials", "true")
+	}
+}
+func (p *Policy) allowsHeaders(lines []string) bool {
+	count, size := 0, 0
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		size += len(line)
+		if size > 8192 {
+			return false
+		}
+		// Parse a header list without allocating an attacker-sized split slice.
+		for {
+			name, rest, more := strings.Cut(line, ",")
+			name = strings.Trim(name, " \t")
+			count++
+			if count > 128 || !token(name) {
+				return false
+			}
+			if _, ok := p.headers[strings.ToLower(name)]; !ok {
+				return false
+			}
+			if !more {
+				break
+			}
+			line = rest
+		}
+	}
+	return true
+}
+func vary(h http.Header, name string) {
+	for _, line := range h.Values("Vary") {
+		for {
+			v, rest, more := strings.Cut(line, ",")
+			v = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+			if v == "*" || strings.EqualFold(v, name) {
+				return
+			}
+			if !more {
+				break
+			}
+			line = rest
+		}
+	}
+	h.Add("Vary", name)
+}
--- a/cors/cors_test.go
+++ b/cors/cors_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,303 @@
+package cors
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"reflect"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func exampleConfig() Config {
+	return Config{Enabled: true, AllowedOrigins: []string{"https://admin.example", "https://merchant.example"}, AllowedMethods: []string{"GET", "POST", "DELETE"}, AllowedHeaders: []string{"Authorization", "Content-Type"}, ExposedHeaders: []string{"X-Request-ID", "Content-Disposition"}, MaxAge: 10 * time.Minute}
+}
+
+func TestPolicyPreflightAndActual(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name, method, origin, requestedMethod, requestedHeaders string
+		status                                                  int
+		called, allowed                                         bool
+	}{
+		{"preflight", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "POST", "authorization, CONTENT-TYPE", 204, false, true},
+		{"no request headers", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "DELETE", "", 204, false, true},
+		{"unknown origin", "OPTIONS", "https://other.example", "POST", "authorization", 403, false, false},
+		{"suffix attack", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example.evil", "POST", "", 403, false, false},
+		{"scheme mismatch", "OPTIONS", "http://admin.example", "POST", "", 403, false, false},
+		{"port mismatch", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example:444", "POST", "", 403, false, false},
+		{"opaque origin", "OPTIONS", "null", "POST", "", 403, false, false},
+		{"unknown method", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "PATCH", "", 403, false, false},
+		{"case sensitive method", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "post", "", 403, false, false},
+		{"unknown header", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "POST", "X-Internal", 403, false, false},
+		{"trailing empty header", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "POST", "Authorization,", 403, false, false},
+		{"control header", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "POST", "Authorization\r\nX-Evil", 403, false, false},
+		{"duplicate allowed header", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "POST", "Authorization, authorization", 204, false, true},
+		{"oversized list", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "POST", strings.Repeat("Authorization,", 129) + "Authorization", 403, false, false},
+		{"actual error response", "GET", "https://merchant.example", "", "", 401, true, true},
+		{"actual denied origin still authenticates", "POST", "https://other.example", "", "", 401, true, false},
+		{"actual denied method still authenticates", "PUT", "https://admin.example", "", "", 401, true, false},
+		{"server callback", "POST", "", "", "", 401, true, false},
+		{"ordinary OPTIONS", "OPTIONS", "https://admin.example", "", "", 401, true, false},
+		{"OPTIONS without Origin", "OPTIONS", "", "POST", "", 401, true, false},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			policy, err := New(exampleConfig())
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			called := false
+			h := policy.Wrap(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+				called = true
+				w.WriteHeader(401)
+				io.WriteString(w, "authentication required")
+			}))
+			r := httptest.NewRequest(tc.method, "http://api.example/resource", nil)
+			if tc.origin != "" {
+				r.Header.Set("Origin", tc.origin)
+			}
+			if tc.requestedMethod != "" {
+				r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Method", tc.requestedMethod)
+			}
+			if tc.requestedHeaders != "" {
+				r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Headers", tc.requestedHeaders)
+			}
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			w.Header().Add("Vary", "Accept-Encoding")
+			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			if w.Code != tc.status || called != tc.called {
+				t.Fatalf("status=%d called=%v", w.Code, called)
+			}
+			if got := w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"); (got != "") != tc.allowed || tc.allowed && got != tc.origin {
+				t.Fatal(w.Header())
+			}
+			if !strings.Contains(strings.Join(w.Header().Values("Vary"), ","), "Origin") || !strings.Contains(strings.Join(w.Header().Values("Vary"), ","), "Accept-Encoding") {
+				t.Fatal(w.Header())
+			}
+			if !tc.called {
+				if w.Body.Len() != 0 {
+					t.Fatal("preflight wrapped in business response")
+				}
+				if !strings.Contains(strings.Join(w.Header().Values("Vary"), ","), "Access-Control-Request-Headers") {
+					t.Fatal(w.Header())
+				}
+				if tc.allowed && (w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Max-Age") != "600" || !strings.Contains(w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Headers"), "Authorization")) {
+					t.Fatal(w.Header())
+				}
+			} else if w.Body.String() != "authentication required" {
+				t.Fatal(w.Body.String())
+			}
+			if tc.called && tc.allowed && w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Expose-Headers") != "X-Request-Id, Content-Disposition" {
+				t.Fatal(w.Header())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPolicyValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, origin := range []string{"https://admin.example/", "https://user:password@admin.example", "null", "https://*.example", "https://admin.example?secret", "https://admin.example#secret", "file://host", "https://host:", "https://host:0", "https://host:65536", "https://host%2eevil", "https://host\r\nX: value", "https://例子.example", "https://[localhost]", "https://[::1%25zone]"} {
+		c := exampleConfig()
+		c.AllowedOrigins = []string{origin}
+		err := c.Validate()
+		if err == nil || strings.Contains(err.Error(), origin) {
+			t.Fatalf("invalid origin accepted or exposed: %q %v", origin, err)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, change := range []func(*Config){
+		func(c *Config) { c.AllowedOrigins = nil },
+		func(c *Config) { c.AllowedOrigins = []string{"*"}; c.AllowCredentials = true },
+		func(c *Config) { c.AllowedOrigins = []string{"*", "https://admin.example"} },
+		func(c *Config) { c.AllowedHeaders = []string{"*"} },
+		func(c *Config) { c.ExposedHeaders = []string{"header\r\n"} },
+		func(c *Config) { c.AllowedMethods = []string{"get"} },
+		func(c *Config) { c.AllowedMethods = []string{"TRACE"} },
+		func(c *Config) { c.MaxAge = -time.Second },
+		func(c *Config) { c.MaxAge = time.Millisecond },
+	} {
+		c := exampleConfig()
+		change(&c)
+		if _, err := New(c); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal(c)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := (Config{}).Validate(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	for input, want := range map[string]string{"https://[::ffff:192.0.2.1]": "https://[::ffff:c000:201]", "https://[::ffff:c000:201]": "https://[::ffff:c000:201]", "https://ADMIN.EXAMPLE:443": "https://admin.example", "http://localhost:80": "http://localhost", "http://localhost:8080": "http://localhost:8080", "https://[::1]:443": "https://[::1]", "http://[::1]:8080": "http://[::1]:8080"} {
+		got, ok := normalizeOrigin(input)
+		if !ok || got != want {
+			t.Fatalf("%q => %q %v", input, got, ok)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPolicyCredentialsWildcardAndDuplicates(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, credentials := range []bool{false, true} {
+		c := exampleConfig()
+		c.AllowCredentials = credentials
+		if !credentials {
+			c.AllowedOrigins = []string{"*"}
+		}
+		p, _ := New(c)
+		for _, origin := range []string{"https://admin.example", "null", "https://admin.example/path", "https://bad\r\n"} {
+			r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+			r.Header.Set("Origin", origin)
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			p.Wrap(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { w.WriteHeader(200) })).ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			if origin != "https://admin.example" {
+				if w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") != "" {
+					t.Fatal(w.Header())
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			want := "*"
+			if credentials {
+				want = origin
+			}
+			if w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") != want || (w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Credentials") == "true") != credentials {
+				t.Fatal(w.Header())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	p, _ := New(exampleConfig())
+	for _, header := range []string{"Origin", "Access-Control-Request-Method"} {
+		r := httptest.NewRequest("OPTIONS", "/", nil)
+		r.Header.Set("Origin", "https://admin.example")
+		r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Method", "POST")
+		r.Header.Add(header, r.Header.Get(header))
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		p.Wrap(http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { t.Fatal("ambiguous preflight reached handler") })).ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		if w.Code != 403 || w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") != "" {
+			t.Fatal(w.Code, w.Header())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPolicyPreservesHTTPAndSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	c := exampleConfig()
+	p, _ := New(c)
+	c.AllowedOrigins[0] = "https://evil.example"
+	c.AllowedHeaders[0] = "X-Evil"
+	r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", strings.NewReader("request"))
+	r.Header.Set("Origin", "https://admin.example")
+	type key struct{}
+	r = r.WithContext(context.WithValue(r.Context(), key{}, "kept"))
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	w.Header().Set("Vary", "Accept-Encoding, origin")
+	next := http.HandlerFunc(func(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
+		if writer != w || request != r || request.Context().Value(key{}) != "kept" {
+			t.Fatal("HTTP capabilities replaced")
+		}
+		io.WriteString(writer, "chunk")
+		writer.(http.Flusher).Flush()
+	})
+	p.Wrap(next).ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	if !w.Flushed || w.Body.String() != "chunk" || w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") != "https://admin.example" || len(w.Header().Values("Vary")) != 1 {
+		t.Fatal(w)
+	}
+	for _, prior := range []string{"*", "Accept-Encoding, Origin"} {
+		h := http.Header{"Vary": {prior}}
+		vary(h, "Origin")
+		if !reflect.DeepEqual(h.Values("Vary"), []string{prior}) {
+			t.Fatal(h)
+		}
+	}
+	disabled, _ := New(Config{})
+	if reflect.ValueOf(disabled.Wrap(next)).Pointer() != reflect.ValueOf(next).Pointer() {
+		t.Fatal("disabled policy not passthrough")
+	}
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	h := p.Wrap(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { w.WriteHeader(200) }))
+	for i := 0; i < 32; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := 0; j < 100; j++ {
+				r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+				origin := "https://admin.example"
+				if i%2 == 1 {
+					origin = "https://merchant.example"
+				}
+				r.Header.Set("Origin", origin)
+				w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+				h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+				if w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") != origin {
+					t.Error("cross-request origin leak")
+				}
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func FuzzCORSHeaders(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Add("https://admin.example", "POST", "authorization, content-type")
+	f.Add("https://admin.example.evil", "POST", "")
+	f.Add("null", "GET", "\r\n")
+	p, _ := New(exampleConfig())
+	h := p.Wrap(http.HandlerFunc(func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request) { panic("preflight reached business") }))
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, origin, method, headers string) {
+		r := httptest.NewRequest("OPTIONS", "/", nil)
+		r.Header.Set("Origin", origin)
+		r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Method", method)
+		if headers != "" {
+			r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Headers", headers)
+		}
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		if w.Code != 204 && w.Code != 403 {
+			t.Fatal(w.Code)
+		}
+		if w.Body.Len() != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("unexpected body")
+		}
+		if value := w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"); value != "" {
+			if value != "https://admin.example" && value != "https://merchant.example" {
+				t.Fatal("untrusted reflection")
+			}
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+type benchmarkWriter struct{ header http.Header }
+
+func (w benchmarkWriter) Header() http.Header         { return w.header }
+func (w benchmarkWriter) Write(p []byte) (int, error) { return len(p), nil }
+func (w benchmarkWriter) WriteHeader(int)             {}
+func BenchmarkCORS(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, mode := range []string{"disabled", "noOrigin", "allowed", "denied", "preflight", "wildcard"} {
+		b.Run(mode, func(b *testing.B) {
+			c := exampleConfig()
+			if mode == "disabled" {
+				c.Enabled = false
+			}
+			if mode == "wildcard" {
+				c.AllowedOrigins = []string{"*"}
+			}
+			p, _ := New(c)
+			h := p.Wrap(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { w.WriteHeader(200) }))
+			r := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/", nil)
+			r.Header.Set("Origin", "https://admin.example")
+			if mode == "noOrigin" {
+				r.Header.Del("Origin")
+			}
+			if mode == "denied" {
+				r.Header.Set("Origin", "https://other.example")
+			}
+			if mode == "preflight" {
+				r.Method = "OPTIONS"
+				r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Method", "POST")
+				r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Headers", "authorization, content-type")
+			}
+			w := benchmarkWriter{make(http.Header)}
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				clear(w.header)
+				h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/database/README.md
+++ b/database/README.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 - `Config`：驱动、DSN 与连接池参数；嵌入项目配置，通过文件显式引用变量。
 - `Open` / `OpenConnector`：通过 DSN 或标准 Connector 创建连接池、设置连接上限并在返回前执行 `PingContext`。
 - `Health`：用于就绪检查，等待连接和 Ping 均受 `PingTimeout` 限制。
- `InTx`：统一事务提交和回滚；工作函数返回错误或 panic 时回滚。
+- `InTx`：统一事务提交和回滚；工作函数返回错误或 panic 时尝试回滚。返回 `TxError` 区分阶段与结果，提交错误不代表已回滚。
 - `Close`：由嵌入的 `*sql.DB` 提供，应用退出时显式调用。

 框架不导入 MySQL、PostgreSQL 等具体驱动。应用负责注册驱动：
@@ -63,6 +63,55 @@ python3 scripts/verifyDatabase.py --version v0.2.0

 配置结构作为项目 Config 的字段，Default() 初始化连接池，文件按需覆盖。DSN 可使用 `dsn: "${DB_DSN}"`；database.Config 的 JSON 序列化不输出 DSN 原值。不要打印原始配置对象。当前 API 脚手架使用结构化 MySQL 适配器，由 svc 统一初始化与关闭。

+## 事务阶段与结果
+
+v0.25 起，`db.InTx(ctx, options, work)` 签名不变，所有普通错误返回都是 `*database.TxError`。返回 nil 表示 Commit 返回成功；框架不重试回调、提交或整个事务。业务通过标准库 errors.As/Is 判断，不解析错误文本：
+
+```go
+err := db.InTx(ctx, nil, func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+    _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, "INSERT INTO objects (id, storage_key) VALUES (?, ?)", id, key)
+    return err
+})
+if err != nil {
+    var txErr *database.TxError
+    if errors.As(err, &txErr) {
+        switch txErr.Outcome {
+        case database.TxOutcomeNotStarted, database.TxOutcomeRolledBack:
+            // 当前受管理事务未执行回调或已确认回滚。
+            // 业务结合文件归属、并发操作和其他副作用，决定是否清理。
+        default:
+            // 包括 TxOutcomeUnknown：保留文件，交给业务后续核查。
+            // 不因为收到提交错误就删除文件或直接重试整个操作。
+        }
+        // txErr.Stage 是 begin / work / commit。
+        // txErr.Err 是主要原因；txErr.RollbackErr 是回滚调用返回的原因。
+    }
+    if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+        // 说明错误链包含超时，不意味着数据库没有提交。
+    }
+    return err
+}
+```
+
+`errors` 为标准库包，业务自己的数据库驱动和 SQL 参数规则不变。完整可运行示例见 [examples/transactions](../examples/transactions/README.md)。
+
+| 情况 | Stage | Outcome | RollbackErr |
+| --- | --- | --- | --- |
+| 未初始化数据库、nil 回调、BeginTx 报错 | TxStageBegin | TxOutcomeNotStarted | nil；框架没有拿到事务，不执行回调 |
+| 回调报错，显式 Rollback 成功 | TxStageWork | TxOutcomeRolledBack | nil |
+| 回调报错，Rollback 失败或返回 ErrTxDone | TxStageWork | TxOutcomeUnknown | 原始回滚错误 |
+| Commit 报错，包括取消/断网/驱动错误 | TxStageCommit | TxOutcomeUnknown | 后续清理的 Rollback 返回值，可能为 ErrTxDone 或 nil |
+
+`Stage` 描述主要失败发生的位置；`Outcome` 只描述框架掌握的结果，二者独立。提交调用返回错误后一律保守标为 unknown，即使某个驱动的某种错误意味着没有提交，通用层也不根据错误文本猜测。标准库在 Commit 后通常已经结束本地事务对象，后续 Rollback 返回 `sql.ErrTxDone`；它不能证明数据库已回滚，框架保留该原因。
+
+`TxError.Err` 与 `RollbackErr` 分开保存；`Unwrap() []error` 按主要原因、回滚原因顺序暴露，所以 errors.Is/As 可查两条链。需要区分来源时对 `txErr.Err` 或 `txErr.RollbackErr` 单独判断。回调返回另一个事务的 TxError 时外层不把它压平：外层结果只属于外层事务，内部事务的结果仍在 Err 中。
+
+**结果保证的范围：** 回调使用给定 `*sql.Tx` 完成事务操作，不自行 Commit/Rollback，不执行会隐式提交的 SQL，不将事务交给后台 goroutine。非事务表、其他连接、嵌套的独立事务、文件和第三方调用的副作用不在这份保证内。框架没有删除文件、入队补偿或分布式事务规则。
+
+**取消与异常边界：** context 取消时 database/sql 可能自行异步回滚，且不公开那次驱动 Rollback 的原始错误。框架若只观察到 ErrTxDone，就返回 unknown，不能补造成功证据或不存在的底层原因。正常返回路径上，框架实际观察到的主要/回滚原因全部保留。panic/runtime.Goexit 保持原有传播行为并尝试回滚，不转换为普通 error；这类展开没有错误返回值，因此不能把回滚原因作为返回值交给调用方。nil context 使用 Background，nil 回调在开启事务前报错。
+
+**兼容说明：** 已有 errors.Is/As 继续生效；以前直接用 `err == sentinel`、`err.(*SomeError)` 或匹配文本的调用要改成 errors.Is/As。业务 APIError、Go 错误目录和参数提示仍可穿过包装解析，驱动错误不会自动进入公开提示。TxError.Error 包含内部原因，仅供内部诊断。GORM 自己的 Transaction 不经过本方法，也不会自动变成 TxError；可选 gormx 的连接池接入不变。
+
 ## Connector 接入（v0.9.1-preview）

 项目已有 `database/sql/driver.Connector` 时使用 `OpenConnector`。这是标准驱动接口，核心包不增加具体驱动依赖。项目可以在同一进程创建多个使用不同证书、日志、拨号策略的连接池。
--- a/database/connector.go
+++ b/database/connector.go
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"reflect"
 	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/configdiag"
 )

 // PoolConfig contains only driver-independent settings. Connection credentials,
@@ -25,15 +27,29 @@ func DefaultPoolConfig() PoolConfig {
 }

 func (c PoolConfig) Validate() error {
-	if c.MaxOpenConns < 0 || c.MaxIdleConns < 0 {
-		return errors.New("database pool limits cannot be negative")
+	for _, f := range []struct {
+		name  string
+		value int
+	}{{"maxOpenConns", c.MaxOpenConns}, {"maxIdleConns", c.MaxIdleConns}} {
+		if f.value < 0 {
+			return configdiag.New(f.name, "must be nonnegative")
+		}
 	}
 	if c.MaxOpenConns > 0 && c.MaxIdleConns > c.MaxOpenConns {
-		return errors.New("max idle connections cannot exceed max open connections")
+		return configdiag.New("maxIdleConns", "must not exceed maxOpenConns")
 	}
-	if c.ConnMaxLifetime < 0 || c.ConnMaxIdleTime < 0 || c.PingTimeout <= 0 {
-		return errors.New("database timeouts are invalid")
+	for _, f := range []struct {
+		name  string
+		value time.Duration
+	}{{"connMaxLifetime", c.ConnMaxLifetime}, {"connMaxIdleTime", c.ConnMaxIdleTime}} {
+		if f.value < 0 {
+			return configdiag.New(f.name, "must be nonnegative")
+		}
 	}
+	if c.PingTimeout <= 0 {
+		return configdiag.New("pingTimeout", "must be positive")
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

--- a/database/database.go
+++ b/database/database.go
@@ -10,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/configdiag"
 )

 type Config struct {
@@ -43,10 +45,10 @@ func (c Config) PoolConfig() PoolConfig {

 func (c Config) Validate() error {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(c.Driver) == "" {
-		return errors.New("database driver is required")
+		return configdiag.New("driver", "is required")
 	}
 	if strings.TrimSpace(c.DSN) == "" {
-		return errors.New("database DSN is required")
+		return configdiag.New("dsn", "is required")
 	}
 	return c.PoolConfig().Validate()
 }
@@ -105,27 +107,3 @@ func (db *DB) Health(ctx context.Context) error {
 	defer cancel()
 	return db.PingContext(checkCtx)
 }
-
-// InTx commits only when work returns nil. Any work error or panic rolls back.
-func (db *DB) InTx(ctx context.Context, options *sql.TxOptions, work func(*sql.Tx) error) (err error) {
-	if db == nil || db.DB == nil {
-		return errors.New("database is not initialized")
-	}
-	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("begin transaction: %w", err)
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		rollbackErr := tx.Rollback()
-		if rollbackErr != nil && !errors.Is(rollbackErr, sql.ErrTxDone) {
-			err = errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("rollback transaction: %w", rollbackErr))
-		}
-	}()
-	if err = work(tx); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if err = tx.Commit(); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("commit transaction: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/database/mysql/README.md
+++ b/database/mysql/README.md
@@ -70,3 +70,7 @@ func (c *ServiceContext) DatabaseOptions() []mysqladapter.Option {
 `WithDriverConfig(func(*mysql.Config) error)` 支持高级拨号、驱动参数等，配置在回调后克隆；这是项目明确选择的底层扩展。`NewConnector` 返回标准 driver.Connector，供已有基础设施使用；它不接受启动检查选项。任意驱动仍可用核心 `database.OpenConnector`。

 错误有安全摘要，errors.Is/As 保留 TLS/驱动/项目检查的原因。配置验证不读证书、不连接数据库；Open 才读取证书、创建池并握手。不要自行打印原始配置或展开可能包含内部信息的 driver 字段给用户。
+
+## 字段级配置错误
+
+Validate 返回独立字段与安全原因，例如 port（1–65535）、readTimeout、pool.maxIdleConns、tls.keyFile。项目调用 `config.AtField("database", err)` 后，统一加载器补齐 database 前缀、文件、环境名和行列，无需重复写端口/连接池校验。TLS 成对配置会指出缺失的那个字段。连接失败、驱动和证书文件的内部原因仍通过 errors.Is/As 保留，不把凭据放进公开提示。见 [配置诊断](../../CONFIG.md#框架模块的字段诊断)。
--- a/database/mysql/mysql.go
+++ b/database/mysql/mysql.go
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/database"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/internal/configdiag"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
 	mysqldriver "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
 )
@@ -61,45 +62,60 @@ var identifier = regexp.MustCompile(`^[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*$`)
 // Validate does not read certificate files or open connections. All defaults
 // come from DefaultConfig; explicit zero I/O timeouts mean no driver deadline.
 func (c Config) Validate() error {
-	if c.Socket == "" && (c.Host == "" || strings.ContainsAny(c.Host, "/\r\n\t ") || c.Port < 1 || c.Port > 65535) {
-		return errors.New("mysql: invalid host or port")
+	if c.Socket == "" {
+		if c.Host == "" || strings.ContainsAny(c.Host, "/\r\n\t ") {
+			return configdiag.New("host", "must be a nonempty hostname or IP address")
+		}
+		if c.Port < 1 || c.Port > 65535 {
+			return configdiag.New("port", "must be between 1 and 65535")
+		}
 	}
-	if strings.ContainsRune(c.Socket, 0) || strings.ContainsRune(c.Database, 0) || strings.ContainsRune(c.User, 0) {
-		return errors.New("mysql: invalid connection field")
+	for _, f := range []struct{ name, value string }{{"socket", c.Socket}, {"database", c.Database}, {"user", c.User}} {
+		if strings.ContainsRune(f.value, 0) {
+			return configdiag.New(f.name, "must not contain a NUL character")
+		}
 	}
-	if c.ConnectTimeout < 0 || c.ReadTimeout < 0 || c.WriteTimeout < 0 {
-		return errors.New("mysql: timeouts cannot be negative")
+	for _, f := range []struct {
+		name  string
+		value time.Duration
+	}{{"connectTimeout", c.ConnectTimeout}, {"readTimeout", c.ReadTimeout}, {"writeTimeout", c.WriteTimeout}} {
+		if f.value < 0 {
+			return configdiag.New(f.name, "must be nonnegative")
+		}
 	}
 	if err := c.Pool.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return err
+		return configdiag.At("pool", err)
 	}
 	if c.Location != "" {
 		if _, err := time.LoadLocation(c.Location); err != nil {
-			return errors.New("mysql: invalid time location")
+			return configdiag.Wrap("location", "must be an available IANA time zone or UTC", err)
 		}
 	}
 	if c.Charset != "" && !identifier.MatchString(c.Charset) {
-		return errors.New("mysql: invalid charset")
+		return configdiag.New("charset", "must be a valid MySQL identifier")
 	}
 	if c.Collation != "" && !identifier.MatchString(c.Collation) {
-		return errors.New("mysql: invalid collation")
+		return configdiag.New("collation", "must be a valid MySQL identifier")
 	}
 	for key := range c.Session {
 		if !identifier.MatchString(key) {
-			return errors.New("mysql: invalid session variable name")
+			return configdiag.New("session", "keys must be valid MySQL identifiers")
 		}
 	}
 	if c.TLS.Mode != "" && c.TLS.Mode != "required" && c.TLS.Mode != "disabled" {
-		return errors.New("mysql: TLS mode must be required or disabled")
+		return configdiag.New("tls.mode", "must be required or disabled")
 	}
 	if (c.TLS.CertFile == "") != (c.TLS.KeyFile == "") {
-		return errors.New("mysql: TLS client certificate and key must be configured together")
+		if c.TLS.CertFile == "" {
+			return configdiag.New("tls.certFile", "is required when keyFile is configured")
+		}
+		return configdiag.New("tls.keyFile", "is required when certFile is configured")
 	}
 	if c.TLS.Mode == "disabled" && (c.TLS.CAFile != "" || c.TLS.CertFile != "" || c.TLS.ServerName != "") {
-		return errors.New("mysql: TLS fields cannot be used when disabled")
+		return configdiag.New("tls.mode", "must be required when TLS fields are configured")
 	}
 	if c.Socket != "" && c.TLS.Mode != "disabled" && c.TLS.ServerName == "" {
-		return errors.New("mysql: TLS over a unix socket requires serverName")
+		return configdiag.New("tls.serverName", "is required for TLS over a unix socket")
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/database/mysqlConnector_test.go
+++ b/database/mysqlConnector_test.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"database/sql"
+	"database/sql/driver"
 	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"os"
@@ -166,11 +167,64 @@ func TestMySQLConnectorTLSAndPoolIsolation(t *testing.T) {
 		return rollbackErr
 	}); !errors.Is(err, rollbackErr) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
+	} else {
+		var txErr *database.TxError
+		if !errors.As(err, &txErr) || txErr.Stage != database.TxStageWork || txErr.Outcome != database.TxOutcomeRolledBack {
+			t.Fatal("real MySQL rollback was not classified", err)
+		}
 	}
 	var count int
 	if err := second.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM connector_check").Scan(&count); err != nil || count != 1 {
 		t.Fatalf("transaction count=%d err=%v", count, err)
 	}
+	// Commit/Rollback run against real MySQL, then a driver-boundary wrapper
+	// suppresses the acknowledgement. This is deterministic fault injection,
+	// not a claim to reproduce every wire-level disconnect timing.
+	for _, loseCommit := range []bool{true, false} {
+		name, id := "commitAcknowledgementLost", 3
+		if !loseCommit {
+			name, id = "rollbackAcknowledgementLost", 4
+		}
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			connector, err := mysql.NewConnector(cfg.Clone())
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			ackErr, workErr := errors.New("injected lost acknowledgement"), errors.New("work rejected")
+			fault := &ackLossConnector{Connector: connector, loseCommit: loseCommit, ackErr: ackErr}
+			faultPool, err := database.OpenConnector(ctx, fault, pool)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			defer faultPool.Close()
+			err = faultPool.InTx(ctx, nil, func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+				if _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, "INSERT INTO connector_check VALUES (?)", id); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				if !loseCommit {
+					return workErr
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+			var txErr *database.TxError
+			if !errors.As(err, &txErr) || txErr.Outcome != database.TxOutcomeUnknown || !errors.Is(err, ackErr) {
+				t.Fatal("unknown acknowledgement was treated as definite outcome", err)
+			}
+			wantCount := 0
+			if loseCommit {
+				wantCount = 1
+				if txErr.Stage != database.TxStageCommit || txErr.Err != ackErr || txErr.RollbackErr != sql.ErrTxDone || fault.commits.Load() != 1 || fault.rollbacks.Load() != 0 {
+					t.Fatal("commit failure was retried or misclassified", err)
+				}
+			} else if txErr.Stage != database.TxStageWork || !errors.Is(err, workErr) || txErr.RollbackErr != ackErr || fault.commits.Load() != 0 || fault.rollbacks.Load() != 1 {
+				t.Fatal("rollback failure lost its primary/secondary causes", err)
+			}
+			var stored int
+			if err := second.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM connector_check WHERE id = ?", id).Scan(&stored); err != nil || stored != wantCount {
+				t.Fatal("independent connection observed unexpected persistence", stored, err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
 	if err := first.Close(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -178,3 +232,58 @@ func TestMySQLConnectorTLSAndPoolIsolation(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("closing first pool affected second:", err)
 	}
 }
+
+type ackLossConnector struct {
+	driver.Connector
+	loseCommit         bool
+	ackErr             error
+	commits, rollbacks atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (c *ackLossConnector) Connect(ctx context.Context) (driver.Conn, error) {
+	conn, err := c.Connector.Connect(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &ackLossConn{Conn: conn, owner: c}, nil
+}
+
+type ackLossConn struct {
+	driver.Conn
+	owner *ackLossConnector
+}
+
+func (c *ackLossConn) Ping(ctx context.Context) error { return c.Conn.(driver.Pinger).Ping(ctx) }
+func (c *ackLossConn) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, opts driver.TxOptions) (driver.Tx, error) {
+	tx, err := c.Conn.(driver.ConnBeginTx).BeginTx(ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &ackLossTx{Tx: tx, owner: c.owner}, nil
+}
+
+type ackLossTx struct {
+	driver.Tx
+	owner *ackLossConnector
+}
+
+func (tx *ackLossTx) Commit() error {
+	tx.owner.commits.Add(1)
+	if err := tx.Tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if tx.owner.loseCommit {
+		return tx.owner.ackErr
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func (tx *ackLossTx) Rollback() error {
+	tx.owner.rollbacks.Add(1)
+	if err := tx.Tx.Rollback(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !tx.owner.loseCommit {
+		return tx.owner.ackErr
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/database/transaction.go
+++ b/database/transaction.go
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+package database
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// TxStage identifies the operation which produced the primary error.
+type TxStage string
+
+const (
+	TxStageBegin  TxStage = "begin"
+	TxStageWork   TxStage = "work"
+	TxStageCommit TxStage = "commit"
+)
+
+// TxOutcome describes only what InTx can confirm about its managed transaction.
+// An absent/unrecognized value must be treated as unknown, never as rolled back.
+type TxOutcome string
+
+const (
+	TxOutcomeUnknown    TxOutcome = "unknown"
+	TxOutcomeNotStarted TxOutcome = "notStarted"
+	TxOutcomeRolledBack TxOutcome = "rolledBack"
+)
+
+// TxError retains the primary failure and any rollback failure independently.
+// Use errors.As to inspect it. errors.Is/As traverse Err first, then RollbackErr;
+// inspect Err alone when the distinction between the two causes matters.
+// Error text is for internal diagnostics and may include driver/business details.
+type TxError struct {
+	Stage       TxStage
+	Outcome     TxOutcome
+	Err         error
+	RollbackErr error
+}
+
+func (e *TxError) Error() string {
+	if e == nil {
+		return "transaction error"
+	}
+	message := string(e.Stage) + " transaction (" + string(e.Outcome) + ")"
+	if e.Err != nil {
+		message += ": " + e.Err.Error()
+	}
+	if e.RollbackErr != nil {
+		message += "; rollback transaction: " + e.RollbackErr.Error()
+	}
+	return message
+}
+
+// Unwrap preserves both causes, including sql.ErrTxDone. That sentinel means
+// the local transaction is finished, not that the database confirmed rollback.
+func (e *TxError) Unwrap() []error {
+	if e == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if e.Err == nil {
+		if e.RollbackErr == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return []error{e.RollbackErr}
+	}
+	if e.RollbackErr == nil {
+		return []error{e.Err}
+	}
+	return []error{e.Err, e.RollbackErr}
+}
+
+// InTx begins a transaction, calls work once, and commits only if work returns
+// nil. Every returned error is a *TxError; a nil result confirms Commit succeeded.
+// Commit failures always have an unknown outcome, even for cancellation or a
+// driver error normally associated with a lost connection. InTx does not retry.
+//
+// work must use only the supplied transaction for transactional operations and
+// must not Commit/Rollback it, issue transaction-control/implicit-commit SQL, or
+// let it escape to background goroutines. Outcome describes this transaction,
+// not files, other connections, nontransactional tables or external side effects.
+//
+// Panic and runtime.Goexit still attempt rollback and propagate unchanged; they
+// do not return a TxError. Rollback errors during those unwinds cannot be returned.
+// A nil context is treated as context.Background().
+func (db *DB) InTx(ctx context.Context, options *sql.TxOptions, work func(*sql.Tx) error) error {
+	if db == nil || db.DB == nil {
+		return &TxError{Stage: TxStageBegin, Outcome: TxOutcomeNotStarted, Err: errors.New("database is not initialized")}
+	}
+	if work == nil {
+		return &TxError{Stage: TxStageBegin, Outcome: TxOutcomeNotStarted, Err: errors.New("transaction callback is nil")}
+	}
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+	tx, err := db.BeginTx(ctx, options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return &TxError{Stage: TxStageBegin, Outcome: TxOutcomeNotStarted, Err: err}
+	}
+	finished := false
+	defer func() {
+		if !finished {
+			// Only the panic/Goexit path reaches here without explicit cleanup.
+			_ = tx.Rollback()
+		}
+	}()
+	if err = work(tx); err != nil {
+		failure := txFailure(tx, TxStageWork, err)
+		finished = true
+		return failure
+	}
+	if err = tx.Commit(); err != nil {
+		failure := txFailure(tx, TxStageCommit, err)
+		finished = true
+		return failure
+	}
+	finished = true
+	return nil
+}
+
+func txFailure(tx *sql.Tx, stage TxStage, cause error) *TxError {
+	rollbackErr := tx.Rollback()
+	outcome := TxOutcomeUnknown
+	if stage == TxStageWork && rollbackErr == nil {
+		outcome = TxOutcomeRolledBack
+	}
+	return &TxError{Stage: stage, Outcome: outcome, Err: cause, RollbackErr: rollbackErr}
+}
--- a/database/transactionResponse_test.go
+++ b/database/transactionResponse_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+package database_test
+
+import (
+	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	omni "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
+	apierrors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/response"
+)
+
+func TestInTxPublicErrorCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
+	private := errors.New("private database details")
+	for _, scenario := range []string{"business", "businessAndRollback", "commit"} {
+		t.Run(scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			f := &txFixture{}
+			if scenario == "businessAndRollback" {
+				f.rollbackErr = private
+			} else if scenario == "commit" {
+				f.commitErr = private
+			}
+			pool := txPool(t, f)
+			app := omni.New(omni.WithResponse(response.Config{CodeType: "int32", SuccessCode: 0, ErrorCode: 9999, MessageField: "msg", DataMode: "always"}),
+				omni.WithErrors(apierrors.Catalog{DefaultStatus: 200, Definitions: map[string]apierrors.Definition{
+					"INVALID": {Code: 400002, Message: "{field} is invalid", Params: []apierrors.Parameter{{Name: "field", Type: "string"}}},
+				}}))
+			defer app.Close()
+			app.POST("/record", func(c *omni.Context) error {
+				return pool.InTx(c.Context(), nil, func(*sql.Tx) error {
+					if scenario == "commit" {
+						return nil
+					}
+					return apierrors.ByCode("INVALID").WithParams(map[string]any{"field": "name"}).WithCause(private)
+				})
+			})
+			w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+			app.ServeHTTP(w, httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/record", nil))
+			var body map[string]any
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &body); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			wantStatus, wantCode, wantMessage := 200, float64(400002), "name is invalid"
+			if scenario == "commit" {
+				wantStatus, wantCode, wantMessage = 500, 9999, "internal server error"
+			}
+			data, hasData := body["data"]
+			if w.Code != wantStatus || body["code"] != wantCode || body["msg"] != wantMessage || !hasData || data != nil || strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "private") {
+				t.Fatal("transaction wrapper changed public error response:", w.Code, w.Body.String())
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/database/transaction_test.go
+++ b/database/transaction_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,441 @@
+package database_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"database/sql"
+	"database/sql/driver"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/database"
+)
+
+// The driver can persist a write and lose the commit acknowledgement, or fail
+// before persisting it. Both must be indistinguishable to the generic wrapper.
+type txFixture struct {
+	beginErr, commitErr, rollbackErr  error
+	persistBeforeError                bool
+	onBegin                           func(context.Context, driver.TxOptions)
+	onCommit                          func()
+	onRollback                        func()
+	begins, commits, rollbacks, saved atomic.Int64
+}
+
+func (f *txFixture) Connect(context.Context) (driver.Conn, error) { return &txConn{owner: f}, nil }
+func (f *txFixture) Driver() driver.Driver                        { return f }
+func (f *txFixture) Open(string) (driver.Conn, error)             { return f.Connect(context.Background()) }
+
+type txConn struct {
+	owner   *txFixture
+	pending int64
+}
+
+func (c *txConn) Prepare(string) (driver.Stmt, error) { return nil, errors.New("not used") }
+func (c *txConn) Close() error                        { return nil }
+func (c *txConn) Begin() (driver.Tx, error) {
+	return c.BeginTx(context.Background(), driver.TxOptions{})
+}
+func (c *txConn) BeginTx(ctx context.Context, options driver.TxOptions) (driver.Tx, error) {
+	c.owner.begins.Add(1)
+	if c.owner.onBegin != nil {
+		c.owner.onBegin(ctx, options)
+	}
+	if c.owner.beginErr != nil {
+		return nil, c.owner.beginErr
+	}
+	c.pending = 0
+	return &txDriver{conn: c}, nil
+}
+func (c *txConn) ExecContext(context.Context, string, []driver.NamedValue) (driver.Result, error) {
+	c.pending++
+	return driver.RowsAffected(1), nil
+}
+
+type txDriver struct{ conn *txConn }
+
+func (tx *txDriver) Commit() error {
+	f := tx.conn.owner
+	f.commits.Add(1)
+	if f.commitErr == nil || f.persistBeforeError {
+		f.saved.Add(tx.conn.pending)
+	}
+	if f.onCommit != nil {
+		f.onCommit()
+	}
+	return f.commitErr
+}
+func (tx *txDriver) Rollback() error {
+	f := tx.conn.owner
+	f.rollbacks.Add(1)
+	if f.onRollback != nil {
+		f.onRollback()
+	}
+	return f.rollbackErr
+}
+
+func txPool(t testing.TB, f *txFixture) *database.DB {
+	t.Helper()
+	pool := sql.OpenDB(f)
+	pool.SetMaxOpenConns(8)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = pool.Close() })
+	return &database.DB{DB: pool}
+}
+
+type txCause struct{ name string }
+
+func (e *txCause) Error() string { return e.name }
+
+func checkTxError(t *testing.T, err error, stage database.TxStage, outcome database.TxOutcome, cause, rollback error) *database.TxError {
+	t.Helper()
+	var txErr *database.TxError
+	if !errors.As(fmt.Errorf("repository: %w", err), &txErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("missing typed transaction error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if txErr.Stage != stage || txErr.Outcome != outcome || txErr.Err != cause || txErr.RollbackErr != rollback {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected transaction error: %+v", txErr)
+	}
+	if cause != nil && !errors.Is(err, cause) || rollback != nil && !errors.Is(err, rollback) {
+		t.Fatalf("cause chain lost: %v", err)
+	}
+	return txErr
+}
+
+func TestInTxStagesAndCauses(t *testing.T) {
+	primary, rollback := &txCause{"primary"}, &txCause{"rollback"}
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name                             string
+		beginErr, workErr, commitErr, rb error
+		stage                            database.TxStage
+		outcome                          database.TxOutcome
+		wantWork, wantCommit, wantRB     int64
+	}{
+		{"begin", primary, nil, nil, nil, database.TxStageBegin, database.TxOutcomeNotStarted, 0, 0, 0},
+		{"work", nil, primary, nil, nil, database.TxStageWork, database.TxOutcomeRolledBack, 1, 0, 1},
+		{"workAndRollback", nil, primary, nil, rollback, database.TxStageWork, database.TxOutcomeUnknown, 1, 0, 1},
+		{"commit", nil, nil, primary, nil, database.TxStageCommit, database.TxOutcomeUnknown, 1, 1, 0},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			f := &txFixture{beginErr: tc.beginErr, commitErr: tc.commitErr, rollbackErr: tc.rb}
+			pool := txPool(t, f)
+			var calls int64
+			err := pool.InTx(context.Background(), nil, func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+				calls++
+				_, err := tx.ExecContext(context.Background(), "write")
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				return tc.workErr
+			})
+			rb := tc.rb
+			if tc.stage == database.TxStageCommit {
+				rb = sql.ErrTxDone // No driver rollback happened after Commit.
+			}
+			checkTxError(t, err, tc.stage, tc.outcome, primary, rb)
+			var typedCause *txCause
+			if !errors.As(err, &typedCause) || typedCause != primary {
+				t.Fatal("primary typed cause not first in chain")
+			}
+			if calls != tc.wantWork || f.commits.Load() != tc.wantCommit || f.rollbacks.Load() != tc.wantRB || f.saved.Load() != 0 {
+				t.Fatal("unexpected callback/commit/rollback calls or persisted write")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	t.Run("rollbackTypedCause", func(t *testing.T) {
+		pool := txPool(t, &txFixture{rollbackErr: rollback})
+		cause := errors.New("work failed")
+		err := pool.InTx(nil, nil, func(*sql.Tx) error { return cause })
+		var found *txCause
+		if !errors.As(err, &found) || found != rollback {
+			t.Fatal("typed rollback cause lost")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestInTxCommitOutcomeUnknown(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, cause := range []error{&txCause{"lost acknowledgement"}, context.DeadlineExceeded, driver.ErrBadConn} {
+		for _, persisted := range []bool{false, true} {
+			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s/persisted=%t", cause, persisted), func(t *testing.T) {
+				f := &txFixture{commitErr: cause, persistBeforeError: persisted}
+				pool := txPool(t, f)
+				calls := 0
+				err := pool.InTx(nil, nil, func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+					calls++
+					_, err := tx.ExecContext(context.Background(), "register object")
+					return err
+				})
+				checkTxError(t, err, database.TxStageCommit, database.TxOutcomeUnknown, cause, sql.ErrTxDone)
+				wantSaved := int64(0)
+				if persisted {
+					wantSaved = 1
+				}
+				if f.saved.Load() != wantSaved || calls != 1 || f.commits.Load() != 1 || f.rollbacks.Load() != 0 {
+					t.Fatal("commit was retried, rolled back, or incorrectly modeled")
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInTxCancellationAndOwnership(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("beforeBegin", func(t *testing.T) {
+		f := &txFixture{}
+		pool := txPool(t, f)
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		cancel()
+		err := pool.InTx(ctx, nil, func(*sql.Tx) error { t.Fatal("work called"); return nil })
+		checkTxError(t, err, database.TxStageBegin, database.TxOutcomeNotStarted, context.Canceled, nil)
+		if f.begins.Load() != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("driver began a canceled transaction")
+		}
+	})
+	for _, returnedWorkError := range []bool{false, true} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("automaticRollback/workError=%t", returnedWorkError), func(t *testing.T) {
+			rolledBack := make(chan struct{})
+			rollbackCause := errors.New("rollback connection lost")
+			f := &txFixture{rollbackErr: rollbackCause, onRollback: func() { close(rolledBack) }}
+			pool := txPool(t, f)
+			ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+			defer cancel()
+			err := pool.InTx(ctx, nil, func(*sql.Tx) error {
+				cancel()
+				select {
+				case <-rolledBack:
+				case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+					t.Fatal("automatic rollback did not run")
+				}
+				if returnedWorkError {
+					return context.Canceled
+				}
+				return nil
+			})
+			stage, primary := database.TxStageCommit, error(sql.ErrTxDone)
+			if returnedWorkError {
+				stage, primary = database.TxStageWork, context.Canceled
+			}
+			checkTxError(t, err, stage, database.TxOutcomeUnknown, primary, sql.ErrTxDone)
+			// database/sql owns this asynchronous rollback and does not expose
+			// its driver error. Do not pretend ErrTxDone means successful rollback.
+			if errors.Is(err, rollbackCause) || f.rollbacks.Load() != 1 || f.commits.Load() != 0 {
+				t.Fatal("unexpected automatic rollback accounting")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	t.Run("cancelDuringCommit", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		defer cancel()
+		f := &txFixture{commitErr: context.Canceled, persistBeforeError: true, onCommit: cancel}
+		pool := txPool(t, f)
+		err := pool.InTx(ctx, nil, func(tx *sql.Tx) error { _, err := tx.ExecContext(ctx, "write"); return err })
+		checkTxError(t, err, database.TxStageCommit, database.TxOutcomeUnknown, context.Canceled, sql.ErrTxDone)
+		if f.saved.Load() != 1 || f.rollbacks.Load() != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("cancellation hid a committed write")
+		}
+	})
+	for _, action := range []string{"commit", "rollback"} {
+		t.Run("manual/"+action, func(t *testing.T) {
+			f := &txFixture{}
+			pool := txPool(t, f)
+			cause := errors.New("callback failed")
+			err := pool.InTx(nil, nil, func(tx *sql.Tx) error {
+				var err error
+				if action == "commit" {
+					err = tx.Commit()
+				} else {
+					err = tx.Rollback()
+				}
+				if err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				return cause
+			})
+			checkTxError(t, err, database.TxStageWork, database.TxOutcomeUnknown, cause, sql.ErrTxDone)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInTxSuccessPanicAndConcurrency(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("success", func(t *testing.T) {
+		type key struct{}
+		ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), key{}, "value")
+		f := &txFixture{onBegin: func(received context.Context, opts driver.TxOptions) {
+			if received.Value(key{}) != "value" || !opts.ReadOnly || opts.Isolation != driver.IsolationLevel(sql.LevelSerializable) {
+				t.Error("context or options changed")
+			}
+		}}
+		pool := txPool(t, f)
+		if err := pool.InTx(ctx, &sql.TxOptions{Isolation: sql.LevelSerializable, ReadOnly: true}, func(*sql.Tx) error { return nil }); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if f.commits.Load() != 1 || f.rollbacks.Load() != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("unexpected successful transaction calls")
+		}
+	})
+	for _, rbErr := range []error{nil, errors.New("rollback failed during unwind")} {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("panic/%v", rbErr), func(t *testing.T) {
+			f := &txFixture{rollbackErr: rbErr}
+			pool := txPool(t, f)
+			value := &struct{ text string }{"original panic"}
+			func() {
+				defer func() {
+					if recover() != value {
+						t.Error("panic identity lost")
+					}
+				}()
+				_ = pool.InTx(nil, nil, func(*sql.Tx) error { panic(value) })
+			}()
+			if f.rollbacks.Load() != 1 || f.commits.Load() != 0 {
+				t.Fatal("panic did not roll back exactly once")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+	t.Run("goexit", func(t *testing.T) {
+		f := &txFixture{}
+		pool := txPool(t, f)
+		done := make(chan struct{})
+		go func() {
+			defer close(done)
+			_ = pool.InTx(nil, nil, func(*sql.Tx) error { runtime.Goexit(); return nil })
+		}()
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("Goexit did not finish")
+		}
+		if f.rollbacks.Load() != 1 || f.commits.Load() != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("Goexit did not roll back exactly once")
+		}
+	})
+	t.Run("concurrent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		f := &txFixture{}
+		pool := txPool(t, f)
+		var group sync.WaitGroup
+		for i := 0; i < 64; i++ {
+			group.Add(1)
+			go func(i int) {
+				defer group.Done()
+				cause := &txCause{fmt.Sprint(i)}
+				err := pool.InTx(nil, nil, func(*sql.Tx) error { return cause })
+				var txErr *database.TxError
+				if !errors.As(err, &txErr) || txErr.Err != cause || txErr.Outcome != database.TxOutcomeRolledBack || !errors.Is(err, cause) {
+					t.Error("cross-request error state")
+				}
+			}(i)
+		}
+		group.Wait()
+		if f.rollbacks.Load() != 64 || f.commits.Load() != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("incorrect concurrent calls")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestInTxPreconditionsAndNestedErrors(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, pool := range []*database.DB{nil, {}} {
+		err := pool.InTx(nil, nil, func(*sql.Tx) error { t.Fatal("unexpected callback"); return nil })
+		var txErr *database.TxError
+		if !errors.As(err, &txErr) || txErr.Stage != database.TxStageBegin || txErr.Outcome != database.TxOutcomeNotStarted || txErr.Err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("uninitialized database was not classified")
+		}
+	}
+	f := &txFixture{}
+	pool := txPool(t, f)
+	err := pool.InTx(nil, nil, nil)
+	var txErr *database.TxError
+	if !errors.As(err, &txErr) || txErr.Stage != database.TxStageBegin || f.begins.Load() != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("nil callback began a transaction")
+	}
+	inner := &database.TxError{Stage: database.TxStageCommit, Outcome: database.TxOutcomeUnknown, Err: errors.New("other transaction")}
+	err = pool.InTx(nil, nil, func(*sql.Tx) error { return inner })
+	outer := checkTxError(t, err, database.TxStageWork, database.TxOutcomeRolledBack, inner, nil)
+	if outer == inner || !errors.As(outer.Err, &txErr) || txErr != inner {
+		t.Fatal("nested error was flattened")
+	}
+	// Empty or typed-nil error values must not panic or expose nil unwrap entries.
+	for _, value := range []*database.TxError{nil, {}, {RollbackErr: inner}} {
+		_ = value.Error()
+		for _, child := range value.Unwrap() {
+			if child == nil {
+				t.Fatal("nil unwrap child")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInTxCancellationRace(t *testing.T) {
+	const count = 128
+	rollbackCause := errors.New("rollback acknowledgement unavailable")
+	var rollbacks sync.WaitGroup
+	rollbacks.Add(count)
+	f := &txFixture{rollbackErr: rollbackCause, onRollback: rollbacks.Done}
+	pool := txPool(t, f)
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+		workFailure := i%2 == 0
+		err := pool.InTx(ctx, nil, func(*sql.Tx) error {
+			cancel()
+			if i%3 == 0 {
+				runtime.Gosched() // Let the automatic rollback race explicit cleanup.
+			}
+			if workFailure {
+				return context.Canceled
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		cancel()
+		var txErr *database.TxError
+		if !errors.As(err, &txErr) || txErr.Outcome != database.TxOutcomeUnknown || f.commits.Load() != 0 {
+			t.Fatal("cancellation was treated as confirmed rollback", err)
+		}
+		wantStage := database.TxStageCommit
+		if workFailure {
+			wantStage = database.TxStageWork
+		}
+		if txErr.Stage != wantStage || txErr.RollbackErr != rollbackCause && txErr.RollbackErr != sql.ErrTxDone {
+			t.Fatal("unexpected cancellation diagnostics", err)
+		}
+		if txErr.RollbackErr == rollbackCause && !errors.Is(err, rollbackCause) {
+			t.Fatal("observed rollback failure lost")
+		}
+	}
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() { rollbacks.Wait(); close(done) }()
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("canceled transactions did not finish rollback")
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkInTx(b *testing.B) {
+	cause := errors.New("example failure")
+	for _, name := range []string{"success", "beginFailure", "workFailure", "rollbackFailure", "commitUnknown"} {
+		b.Run(name, func(b *testing.B) {
+			f := &txFixture{}
+			var workErr error
+			switch name {
+			case "beginFailure":
+				f.beginErr = cause
+			case "workFailure":
+				workErr = cause
+			case "rollbackFailure":
+				workErr, f.rollbackErr = cause, cause
+			case "commitUnknown":
+				f.commitErr = cause
+			}
+			pool := txPool(b, f)
+			work := func(*sql.Tx) error { return workErr }
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				err := pool.InTx(context.Background(), nil, work)
+				if (err == nil) != (name == "success") {
+					b.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/errors/README.md
+++ b/errors/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # 统一错误目录

+v0.26 新增的通用多语言适配见 [i18n](../i18n/README.md)。目录条目可显式引用 `translation: {namespace, key}`；`errori18n.Bind/Source` 支持从同一份 Go 目录生成源词典。翻译只影响公开展示，不改变业务码、HTTP 状态、失败语义、参数契约或 cause。没有引用或没有启用适配时沿用现有行为；幂等重放保留首次语言。该能力需要 v0.26.0-preview 或更新版本。
+
 从 `v0.10.0-preview` 起，业务可以只返回逻辑错误标识，框架从项目目录取得 HTTP 状态、对外业务码与公开提示。目录不依赖具体业务、数据库、身份模型或网络层，也不定义固定返回体。

 ## 基本规则
--- a/errors/catalog.go
+++ b/errors/catalog.go
@@ -9,16 +9,19 @@ import (
 	"math"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
+	"unicode"
+	"unicode/utf8"
 )

 // Definition belongs to the project. Code is the public string/integer code;
 // the Catalog map key is the distinct logical identifier used by ByCode.
 // Nil Code retains legacy response code mapping (useful when migrating).
 type Definition struct {
-	Status  int         `json:"status,omitempty"`
-	Code    any         `json:"code,omitempty"`
-	Message string      `json:"message"`
-	Params  []Parameter `json:"params,omitempty"`
+	Status      int          `json:"status,omitempty"`
+	Code        any          `json:"code,omitempty"`
+	Message     string       `json:"message"`
+	Params      []Parameter  `json:"params,omitempty"`
+	Translation *Translation `json:"translation,omitempty"`
 }

 type Catalog struct {
@@ -99,6 +102,10 @@ func (c Catalog) Clone() Catalog {
 	out := c
 	out.Definitions = make(map[string]Definition, len(c.Definitions))
 	for key, d := range c.Definitions {
+		if d.Translation != nil {
+			ref := *d.Translation
+			d.Translation = &ref
+		}
 		if d.Params != nil {
 			params := make([]Parameter, len(d.Params))
 			copy(params, d.Params)
@@ -126,6 +133,13 @@ func NewRegistry(c Catalog) (*Registry, error) {
 	}
 	messages := map[string][]messagePart{}
 	for key, d := range c.Definitions {
+		if d.Translation != nil {
+			for _, value := range []string{d.Translation.Namespace, d.Translation.Key} {
+				if value == "" || len(value) > 256 || !utf8.ValidString(value) || strings.TrimSpace(value) != value || strings.IndexFunc(value, unicode.IsControl) >= 0 {
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("errors: %s has invalid translation reference", key)
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		if strings.TrimSpace(key) == "" || strings.TrimSpace(key) != key || strings.ContainsAny(key, "\r\n\t") {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("errors: invalid logical identifier %q", key)
 		}
--- a/errors/localization.go
+++ b/errors/localization.go
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package apierrors
+
+import "context"
+
+// Translation is an explicit reference into an independently owned dictionary.
+// It does not change the logical error key, status, public code or parameters.
+type Translation struct {
+	Namespace string `json:"namespace"`
+	Key       string `json:"key"`
+}
+
+// Localizer is an optional presentation adapter. false preserves the original
+// public message. Implementations must support concurrent calls and must not
+// mutate registry or failure, or expose causes/parameter values in diagnostics.
+type Localizer interface {
+	Localize(context.Context, *Registry, *APIError) (string, bool)
+}
+
+// Definition returns detached metadata for the effective catalog scope.
+func (r *Registry) Definition(key string) (Definition, bool) {
+	if r == nil {
+		return Definition{}, false
+	}
+	d, ok := r.catalog.Definitions[key]
+	if d.Params != nil {
+		d.Params = append([]Parameter{}, d.Params...)
+	}
+	if d.Translation != nil {
+		ref := *d.Translation
+		d.Translation = &ref
+	}
+	return d, ok
+}
+
+// Parameters returns detached public template arguments. This is for explicit
+// presentation adapters, not automatic serialization into an API response.
+func (e *APIError) Parameters() map[string]any {
+	if e == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(e.params))
+	for k, v := range e.params {
+		out[k] = v
+	}
+	return out
+}
--- a/examples/contracts/i18n.api
+++ b/examples/contracts/i18n.api
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+syntax = "v1"
+
+errorCatalog CommonErrors (
+    defaultStatus: 200
+    errors: {
+        "LimitExceeded": {
+            "key": "LIMIT_EXCEEDED", "code": 400001,
+            "message": "Limit: {max}",
+            "params": [{"name":"max","type":"int64","example":100}],
+            "translation": {"namespace":"limits","key":"exceeded"}
+        }
+    }
+)
+
+response CommonResponse (
+    codeType: int32
+    successCode: 0
+    errorCode: 9999
+    body: {"code":"${code}", "detail":"${message}", "ok":"${ok}"}
+)
+
+type ValueResponse {
+    Value string `json:"value"`
+}
+
+@server (
+    group: limits
+    response: CommonResponse
+    errors: LimitExceeded
+)
+service localized-api {
+    @handler value
+    get /value returns (ValueResponse)
+}
--- a/examples/cors/README.md
+++ b/examples/cors/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# CORS 与正常鉴权
+
+在框架根目录运行：
+
+```sh
+go run ./examples/cors
+WEB_ORIGIN=https://admin.example go run ./examples/cors
+```
+
+仅监听临时 localhost 端口，不依赖数据库或外部服务。配置由统一 LoadProject 加载，示例模拟浏览器 Origin/预检请求头，依次检查：
+
+- OPTIONS 预检返回 204，无需登录。
+- 实际 GET 未登录仍返回 401，前端可读取这条错误响应。
+- 示例凭据通过后返回 200。
+- 404 也保留允许来源的 CORS 响应头。
+
+示例 Token 仅用于展示，项目使用自身鉴权实现。CORS 不验证 Token，也不保证其他客户端不能调用 API。完整规则与配置见 [cors](../../cors/README.md)。
--- a/examples/cors/config.yaml
+++ b/examples/cors/config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+server:
+  cors:
+    enabled: true
+    allowedOrigins:
+      - "${WEB_ORIGIN:-https://web.example}"
+    allowedMethods: [GET, POST]
+    allowedHeaders: [Authorization, Content-Type]
+    exposedHeaders: [X-Request-ID]
+    allowCredentials: false
+    maxAge: 10m
--- a/examples/cors/main.go
+++ b/examples/cors/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	omni "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+)
+
+type Config struct {
+	Server config.Config `json:"server"`
+}
+
+func (c Config) Validate() error { return config.AtField("server", c.Server.Validate()) }
+
+func run(path string) error {
+	cfg, err := config.LoadProject(path, Config{Server: config.Default()})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	a := omni.New(omni.WithConfig(cfg.Server))
+	defer a.Close()
+	a.GET("/private", func(c *omni.Context) error {
+		if c.Header("Authorization") != "Bearer example-only" {
+			return omni.Unauthorized("LOGIN_REQUIRED", "login required")
+		}
+		return c.OK("authenticated")
+	})
+	server := httptest.NewServer(a)
+	defer server.Close()
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 3 * time.Second}
+	defer client.CloseIdleConnections()
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		method, path, auth string
+		status             int
+	}{{"OPTIONS", "/private", "", 204}, {"GET", "/private", "", 401}, {"GET", "/private", "Bearer example-only", 200}, {"GET", "/missing", "", 404}} {
+		r, _ := http.NewRequest(tc.method, server.URL+tc.path, nil)
+		r.Header.Set("Origin", cfg.Server.CORS.AllowedOrigins[0])
+		if tc.method == "OPTIONS" {
+			r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Method", "GET")
+			r.Header.Set("Access-Control-Request-Headers", "authorization")
+		}
+		if tc.auth != "" {
+			r.Header.Set("Authorization", tc.auth)
+		}
+		res, err := client.Do(r)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, readErr := io.Copy(io.Discard, res.Body)
+		closeErr := res.Body.Close()
+		if err := errors.Join(readErr, closeErr); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if res.StatusCode != tc.status || res.Header.Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin") == "" {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected CORS response: %d", res.StatusCode)
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("%s %s -> %d, CORS allowed\n", tc.method, tc.path, res.StatusCode)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func main() {
+	path := flag.String("config", "examples/cors/config.yaml", "selected configuration file")
+	flag.Parse()
+	if err := run(*path); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
--- a/examples/developerTools/README.md
+++ b/examples/developerTools/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# 配置诊断、严格 HTTP 状态、类型预检和日志时区
+
+在框架根目录运行，不需要数据库、账号或外部服务。HTTP 示例只访问临时 localhost 服务：
+
+```sh
+go run ./examples/developerTools
+DEMO_LOG_TIME_ZONE=UTC go run ./examples/developerTools
+# 以下两条应非零退出，输出具体字段和环境变量名，不输出原值：
+DEMO_DB_PORT=70000 go run ./examples/developerTools
+DEMO_LOG_LEVEL=invalid go run ./examples/developerTools
+```
+
+- 配置只做校验，没有连接数据库。失败指向 `database.port` / `server.log.level`，并保留文件行列与变量名。
+- Logger 使用选定时区；只改变记录的时间戳，不修改全局 time.Local 和业务时间字段。
+- `copyx.Check[Input, Result]` 发现切片元素内的不兼容字段；加上显式 `strconv.Atoi` converter 后通过。预检不执行 converter，真实非法数字仍在 Copy 时返回错误。
+- JSON 调用显式 `WithSuccessStatuses(200)`，拒绝 201，框架仍负责关闭响应体。
+
+详见 [配置](../../CONFIG.md)、[日志](../../logx/README.md)、[HTTP 客户端](../../httpc/README.md)、[copyx](../../COPY.md)。
--- a/examples/developerTools/config.yaml
+++ b/examples/developerTools/config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+# Validates database settings without connecting in this demonstration.
+database:
+  port: "${DEMO_DB_PORT:-3306}"
+server:
+  log:
+    level: "${DEMO_LOG_LEVEL:-info}"
+    timeZone: "${DEMO_LOG_TIME_ZONE:-Asia/Shanghai}"
--- a/examples/developerTools/main.go
+++ b/examples/developerTools/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+// Run from the framework root with: go run ./examples/developerTools
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"strconv"
+	_ "time/tzdata" // This example embeds zones; production builds can use -tags timetzdata.
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/copyx"
+	mysql "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/database/mysql"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpc"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
+)
+
+type Config struct {
+	Database mysql.Config  `json:"database"`
+	Server   config.Config `json:"server"`
+}
+
+func Default() Config {
+	c := config.Default()
+	c.Log.Output = "stdout"
+	return Config{Database: mysql.DefaultConfig(), Server: c}
+}
+func (c Config) Validate() error {
+	if err := c.Database.Validate(); err != nil {
+		return config.AtField("database", err)
+	}
+	return config.AtField("server", c.Server.Validate())
+}
+
+type Input struct{ Values []TextValue }
+type TextValue struct{ Number string }
+type Result struct{ Values []NumberValue }
+type NumberValue struct{ Number int }
+
+func run(path string) error {
+	cfg, err := config.LoadProject(path, Default())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	// Validation only: this example never opens a database.
+	logger, err := logx.New(cfg.Server.Log)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer logger.Close()
+	logger.InfoContext(context.Background(), "instance time zone", "configuredZone", cfg.Server.Log.TimeZone)
+	if err := copyx.Check[Input, Result](); !errors.Is(err, copyx.ErrType) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected a type mismatch, got %v", err)
+	}
+	// Explicit Go converter owns the number conversion; no JSON mapping file.
+	options := []copyx.Option{copyx.WithConverter(strconv.Atoi)}
+	if err := copyx.Check[Input, Result](options...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	var output Result
+	if err := copyx.Copy(&output, Input{Values: []TextValue{{Number: "42"}}}, options...); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Printf("type check and copy succeeded: %d\n", output.Values[0].Number)
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path == "/created" {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
+		}
+		io.WriteString(w, `{"value":"example"}`)
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+	client, err := httpc.New(httpc.Config{DisableLogging: true})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+	var reply struct {
+		Value string `json:"value"`
+	}
+	if err := client.JSON(context.Background(), http.MethodGet, server.URL, nil, &reply, httpc.WithSuccessStatuses(http.StatusOK)); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = client.JSON(context.Background(), http.MethodGet, server.URL+"/created", nil, &reply, httpc.WithSuccessStatuses(http.StatusOK))
+	var status *httpc.StatusError
+	if !errors.As(err, &status) || status.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expected status rejection, got %v", err)
+	}
+	fmt.Println("strict JSON: 200 accepted, 201 rejected")
+	return nil
+}
+func main() {
+	path := flag.String("config", "examples/developerTools/config.yaml", "selected configuration file")
+	flag.Parse()
+	if err := run(*path); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
--- a/examples/httpSafety/README.md
+++ b/examples/httpSafety/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+# HTTP 限额与停机
+
+从仓库根目录运行 `go run ./examples/httpSafety`，可用 `-addr 127.0.0.1:18080` 指定端口。仅使用本机 HTTP 和模拟收尾，不连接数据库或其他服务。
+
+上传验证：
+
+```sh
+dd if=/dev/zero bs=1048576 count=9 2>/dev/null | curl --data-binary @- http://127.0.0.1:8080/upload
+```
+
+普通路由默认 1 MiB，上传路由允许 16 MiB，服务硬上限 20 MiB；以上请求返回已读取的 9437184 字节。将上传路由改为 21 MiB 后，启动会报告该路由与服务硬上限冲突。实际文件上传须额外预留 multipart 字段/边界开销，并配置文件大小限制。
+
+停机验证：另一个终端执行 `curl http://127.0.0.1:8080/work`，随后在服务终端按 Ctrl-C。先等待 1s 排空，再取消请求，处理器模拟 100ms 收尾；日志中先出现 `request cleanup completed`，再出现资源关闭记录。因为用尽排空预算，本次退出仍返回超时错误。
+
+若处理器不在取消收尾窗口内退出，App 和 `deps.Finish(runErr)` 返回 `lifecycle.ErrResourcesRetained` 并跳过资源关闭。真实项目拥有的日志也必须在该错误下保留，生成入口已处理。进程应非零退出；库不自行退出进程，也不强杀 goroutine。
--- a/examples/httpSafety/main.go
+++ b/examples/httpSafety/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+// This example uses only local HTTP and simulated work; no external services.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"flag"
+	"io"
+	"log"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	omni "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/lifecycle"
+)
+
+func main() {
+	address := flag.String("addr", "127.0.0.1:8080", "local listen address")
+	flag.Parse()
+	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
+	defer stop()
+	if err := run(ctx, *address); err != nil {
+		log.Print(err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
+
+func run(ctx context.Context, address string) (runErr error) {
+	deps := lifecycle.NewRuntime(ctx)
+	deps.OnClose(func() error { log.Print("shared resource closed after requests completed"); return nil })
+	defer func() { runErr = deps.Finish(runErr) }()
+	app := omni.New(omni.WithHTTPConfig(omni.HTTPConfig{
+		DefaultMaxBodyBytes:   1 << 20,
+		MaxBodyBytes:          20 << 20,
+		ShutdownCancelTimeout: time.Second,
+	}), omni.WithShutdownTimeout(time.Second))
+	defer func() { runErr = errors.Join(runErr, app.Close()) }()
+	app.HandleWithBodyLimit("POST", "/upload", 16<<20, nil, func(c *omni.Context) error {
+		n, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, c.Request().Body)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return c.OK(map[string]int64{"bytes": n})
+	})
+	app.GET("/work", func(c *omni.Context) error {
+		log.Print("request accepted")
+		select {
+		case <-time.After(10 * time.Second):
+			return c.OK("finished")
+		case <-c.Context().Done():
+			// Simulate bounded rollback/cleanup after cancellation. Dependencies
+			// remain available until this handler and its defers have returned.
+			time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+			log.Print("request cleanup completed")
+			return c.Context().Err()
+		}
+	})
+	log.Printf("listening on %s; POST /upload or GET /work, then Ctrl-C", address)
+	return app.RunContext(deps.Context(), address)
+}
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
k2safe	0d2c6040e2	feat: release v0.28.1 mixed API and generic project workspaces	2026-09-30 00:20:17 +08:00
k2safe	1052f156bd	test: record v0.28 remote generic and managed project acceptance	2026-09-30 00:01:38 +08:00
k2safe	0b6c0043b6	feat: release v0.28 generic Go project scaffolding and lifecycle entry	2026-09-29 23:58:20 +08:00
k2safe	f8e0dcc5a6	test: record v0.27 remote HTTP safety and generated consumer acceptance	2026-09-29 23:27:32 +08:00
k2safe	3b00bb55d1	feat: release v0.27 unified HTTP limits and safe request shutdown	2026-09-29 23:24:19 +08:00
k2safe	859f1851b1	test: record v0.26 remote i18n and generated consumer acceptance	2026-09-29 13:34:28 +08:00
k2safe	d1a747c36f	feat: release v0.26 portable i18n and presentation adapters	2026-09-29 13:31:42 +08:00
k2safe	6a95cad184	test: record v0.25 remote transaction and MySQL acceptance	2026-09-26 20:32:23 +08:00
k2safe	7a177744ab	feat: expose transaction failure stages and conservative outcomes	2026-09-26 20:29:45 +08:00
k2safe	8eddef9cc8	test: record v0.24 remote CORS and generated project acceptance	2026-09-26 19:55:41 +08:00
k2safe	800974cfff	feat: add configurable transport-independent CORS policy	2026-09-26 19:53:28 +08:00
k2safe	9fade3bedb	test: record v0.23 remote consumer and performance acceptance	2026-09-26 18:06:40 +08:00
k2safe	3bbc6f60d7	feat: add precise diagnostics and optional client copy logging controls	2026-09-26 18:04:33 +08:00
k2safe	69585dab61	test: record remote explicit configuration release acceptance	2026-09-26 16:16:37 +08:00