feat: load explicit configuration references and remove implicit env overlays

docs: record remote HTTP client release acceptance
feat: simplify HTTP client proxy pools and authenticated JSON calls
2026-09-26 16:14:54 +08:00 · 2026-09-26 15:30:32 +08:00 · 2026-09-26 15:28:19 +08:00 · 2026-09-26 14:49:28 +08:00
112 changed files with 3281 additions and 1890 deletions
--- a/ADVANCED.md
+++ b/ADVANCED.md
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 | `openapi` | 路由与 OpenAPI 3.0.3 同时注册、DTO schema、响应信封 | 显式声明请求/响应；不自动推断任意 Handler 行为，不附带 Swagger UI |
 | `auth` | RS256/EdDSA JWT 验证与公钥轮换、可撤销 Session、Policy 接口 | 登录验证和业务授权规则由接入方提供；不自动获取 token 指定的密钥 |
 | `telemetry` | HTTP 入站/出站、Redis、SQL spans，HTTP 指标和 traceId 日志关联 | 注入 OTel exporter/reader 后才外发；SQL Query span 不覆盖后续遍历；不接管全局 provider |
-| `config` / `logx` | JSON/YAML 文件、环境变量覆盖、动态日志级别、轮转/脱敏/堆栈/慢请求 | 热更新只开放日志级别；连接池、监听、认证等静态变更要求重启 |
+| `config` / `logx` | JSON/YAML/XML 文件、显式环境引用、动态日志级别、轮转/脱敏/堆栈/慢请求 | 热更新只开放日志级别；连接池、监听、认证等静态变更要求重启 |
 | `resilience` | 失败阈值、熔断冷却、单探针恢复、上游并发隔离 | 一个实例对应一个依赖；默认内存状态，不做跨进程全局熔断 |
 | `middleware/redis` | 跨副本限流、幂等 claim/回放、容量限制 | 专用 Redis namespace；TTL 窗口内保护不等于永久业务去重 |
 | `queue` / `queue/redis` | 持久消息接口、Streams 接管、有限重试、失败消息管理 | 至少一次交付，处理器必须幂等；持久性取决于 Redis 部署 |
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ err = consumer.Run(serviceContext, func(ctx context.Context, item queue.Delivery

 ## 配置与日志热更新

-`config.LoadFile(path, prefix)` 按默认值→文件→非空环境变量加载并验证。两种文件格式都使用 JSON tag 的 lowerCamelCase，duration 可以写 `"5s"`；文件上限 1 MiB，拒绝未知字段、多文档和非法值。自定义 prefix 要包含期望的尾部下划线，例如 `BILLING_`。空环境变量沿用文件值，不清空已配置字段。
+`config.LoadFile(path)` 使用默认值→文件字段显式引用→类型绑定→校验；没有自动环境覆盖。用 `${NAME}` 或 `${NAME:-fallback}` 指定来源，完整规则与迁移见 [CONFIG.md](CONFIG.md)。

 ```yaml
 address: '127.0.0.1:8080'
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ log:
  format: json
 ```

-先按配置创建 `logx.New(cfg.Log)`，再 `config.NewReloader(path, prefix, logger)`。显式调用 `Reload()` 或运行 `Watch(ctx, time.Second, onError)`；后者阻塞，生命周期由应用负责。只有 `log.level` 允许变化，校验失败或静态字段变化保留原快照与日志级别。子 logger 共享动态级别。替换文件时建议使用临时文件 + rename。
+先按配置创建 `logx.New(cfg.Log)`，再 `config.NewReloader(path, logger)`。显式调用 `Reload()` 或运行 `Watch(ctx, time.Second, onError)`；后者阻塞，生命周期由应用负责。只有 `log.level` 允许变化，校验失败或静态字段变化保留原快照与日志级别。子 logger 共享动态级别。替换文件时建议使用临时文件 + rename。

 ## 熔断与观测

--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -6,3 +6,5 @@
 - examples 使用通用场景，避免依赖业务项目、私有数据库或线上服务。必要的外部基础设施配置应明确说明。
 - 2026-09-25 用户决定：移除 mappings/mappingFiles 及结构映射代码生成机制，改用可选 copyx 工具包。不得恢复另一套 JSON 或 Go 映射声明语言。
 - 深拷贝的自定义转换结果不得与输入共享可变引用；发现共享应报错，不能降级成浅拷贝或静默接受。
+
+- 2026-09-26 用户决定：配置文件显式声明固定值或 `${NAME}` / `${NAME:-fallback}`，旧自动环境覆盖、前缀/别名及 env/envDefault 标签模式移除，不得重新引入隐式二次覆盖。项目维护 Config/Default/Validate/文件，生成器维护 Load/main。
--- a/API.md
+++ b/API.md
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ go run ./cmd/go-omni new --api examples/contracts/user.api \
  --log-output file --log-format json ../userService
 ```

-`api generate` 在新目录中也会生成完整项目。默认只监听 localhost；`GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR` 修改地址，`GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT=native` 切换网络层。配置顺序为默认值 → `etc/config.yaml` → 环境变量。文件日志支持现有轮转配置。远程试用使用与 CLI 一致的固定版本，见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。
+`api generate` 在新目录中也会生成完整项目。默认只监听 localhost；`GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR` 修改地址，`GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT=native` 切换网络层。配置顺序为 Default() → `etc/config.yaml` 中的显式环境引用 → 类型绑定 → Validate()；固定值不再被隐式覆盖。文件日志支持现有轮转配置。远程试用使用与 CLI 一致的固定版本，见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。

 API 项目现在支持组合数据库、存储和日志：

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ go-omni new --api user.api --module example.com/userService \

 初次选项记录在 `.goOmni/apiManifest.json`，以后直接 `api generate` 会继承。已有项目通过参数切换选项会报错，因为初始化代码属于业务方；可在新目录生成对照后手动迁移。`--force` 不允许覆盖 API 项目。new 与 api new 统一生成契约项目，不再使用旧式 CRUD 目录。

-MySQL 使用官方 `database/mysql` 结构化适配器，密码从 `GO_OMNI_DB_PASSWORD` 覆盖，非秘密池配置位于 YAML，环境变量优先。存储使用原有 `GO_OMNI_STORAGE_*`；API 项目不会额外生成公开的签名发放接口，鉴权和对象权限由业务实现。初始化失败会清理已打开资源，退出清理可重复调用。
+MySQL 使用官方 `database/mysql` 结构化适配器，生成文件以 `password: "${GO_OMNI_DB_PASSWORD}"` 显式读取密码；其他字段可写固定值或引用，缺失项保留 Default()。存储配置也只读取文件明确引用的变量；API 项目不会额外生成公开的签名发放接口，鉴权和对象权限由业务实现。初始化失败会清理已打开资源，退出清理可重复调用。

 HTTP 请求类型不能推导数据库表结构；迁移和 Repository 由业务自己维护。当前目录的完整示例见 [managedService](examples/managedService/README.md)。MySQL、事务审计和鉴权实现可参考 [旧目录用户管理示例](examples/userService/README.md)，接入时按 [项目指南](PROJECT.md) 装配到 config/svc/logic。

--- a/BUSINESS_DEVELOPMENT.md
+++ b/BUSINESS_DEVELOPMENT.md
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 ## 实施与验收清单

 - [x] 运行期：资源登记、逆序释放、幂等关闭、失败回滚、故障原因保留归框架；生成入口与项目依赖初始化边界明确。多 App 日志隔离、标准 log.Logger 适配、可信请求元数据与依赖中间件示例。
- [x] 配置：项目完整结构体环境覆盖；默认值→文件→环境；嵌套、duration、slice、显式零值、空值策略、必填与脱敏；日志无副作用完整校验。
+- [x] 配置：Default()→文件显式环境引用→类型绑定→Validate；嵌套、duration、slice、显式零值、必填/备用值、转义与安全诊断；日志无副作用完整校验。
 - [x] 数据库：官方 MySQL 结构化配置/TLS/驱动日志适配，继续复用 OpenConnector 和唯一连接池；独立启动检查、失败清理、生成器接入；不内置版本/表结构/业务错误策略。
 - [x] 响应契约：数组、可空对象、成功 null、独立 HTTP 204；Logic/Handler/OpenAPI/漂移检查一致。
 - [x] 请求契约：未知 query、JSON UTF-8/charset、无 Body/必填空对象/可选 Body，App 默认与路由覆盖；scalar/any/数组/大小限制一致，普通 JSON 只绑定一次。
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 # Changelog

+## v0.22.0-preview（2026-09-26）
+
+- 文件显式环境引用与备用值，字符串组合/转义，安全有界展开和类型绑定；变量值原样插入、不递归处理。
+- 移除隐式环境覆盖、EnvOptions/前缀/别名及 env/envDefault；数据库统一使用文件加载，不再单独扫描环境。
+- 生成 main/Load 新增 -check-config，精简配置文件，保留开发者扩展；错误字段建议和迁移检查。
+- README、CONFIG、数据库/HTTP 客户端指南及示例同步新规则；配置中的响应模板需要 $$ 转义，.api 不变。
+
+## v0.21.0-preview（2026-09-26）
+
+- httpc 可配置环境/直连/固定代理、常用连接阶段超时和独立空闲池参数。
+- JSON 新增逐请求 Header 快照与响应大小选项，保持有界读取、关闭和认证隔离。
+- 成功请求少复制和退避计算，丢弃响应流式处理，错误体有界回收以改善连接复用。
+- 增加真实本地代理、超时、连接限制/回收、并发、日志脱敏、gzip、fuzz 和修改前后基准。
+- JSON 自定义方法接口签名需同步 variadic 参数；借用 Transport 的参数混配现在报错。详见 httpc/README.md。
+
+
 ## v0.20.0-preview（2026-09-26）

 - 生成项目配置加载入口持续由生成器维护；保留业务字段、默认值、校验与 NewLoader 扩展文件。
--- a/CONFIG.md
+++ b/CONFIG.md
@@ -1,178 +1,177 @@
-# 统一配置加载
+# 配置：文件明确声明值的来源

-v0.20 起，新生成服务的 `main.go` 调用生成器维护的 `config.Load`。项目只需要定义业务字段、默认值和校验；日志、HTTP、数据库等配置使用同一流程，配置加载时不打开数据库、监听端口或创建日志文件。
+v0.22 起只使用这一条流程：

 ```text
-代码默认值 → envDefault（仅填零值）→ 可选配置文件
-→ 完整结构体环境覆盖（含别名）→ 框架规范化 → 项目 Validate
-→ 初始化日志及项目依赖 → 启动服务
+项目 Default() → 解析选中的一个文件 → 解析字段值中的环境引用
+→ 按 Go 类型绑定已提供的字段 → 项目 Validate() → 初始化日志和依赖
 ```

-## 生成项目要维护什么
+没有环境前缀、别名表或隐式二次覆盖。业务只维护 `Config`、`Default()`、`Validate()` 和配置文件。项目 Validate 中继续调用嵌套框架配置的 Validate；生成模板已包含这些调用。验证函数只检查值，不应打开资源。

-| 文件 | 维护方 | 用途 |
-| --- | --- | --- |
-| `main.go` | 生成器 | 启动、信号、请求排空、依赖关闭 |
-| `internal/config/loadGen.go` | 生成器 | 调用统一加载入口；纳入 `generate --check` |
-| `internal/config/config.go` | 项目 | `Config`、`Default()`、`Validate()` |
-| `internal/config/loader.go` | 项目 | `NewLoader()`，只有增加文件格式时才需修改 |
-| `etc/config.yaml` | 项目 | 部署配置；可改用 JSON/XML 并传 `-config` |
-| `internal/svc` | 项目与生成器分文件 | 初始化依赖、登记清理、AppOptions |
-
-比如增加业务的批次数量：在 Config 增加一个字段，在 Validate 加范围校验；需要部署值时改配置文件或环境变量。不修改 main、Load 或 Handler。
+## 直接使用

 ```go
-// 添加到项目 Config。
-BatchSize int `json:"batchSize" envDefault:"100"`
-
-// 添加到项目 Validate。
-if c.BatchSize < 1 || c.BatchSize > 1000 {
-    return omniConfig.Invalid("batchSize", "must be between 1 and 1000")
-}
-```
-
-自动支持 `GO_OMNI_BATCH_SIZE`。生成服务的空环境值策略为 `ignore`，0 和 false 是有效覆盖；范围由 Validate 决定。
-重新生成保留 config.go、loader.go 和 svc 的手写扩展。
-
-## 手写项目用法
-
-```go
-package main
-
-import (
-    "time"
-    "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
-)
-
 type Config struct {
-    Timeout time.Duration `json:"timeout" envDefault:"3s"`
-    Limit   int           `json:"limit" envDefault:"100"`
-    Token   string        `json:"-" env:"APP_TOKEN,secret"`
+    Server omniConfig.Config `json:"server"`
+    BatchSize int            `json:"batchSize"`
+    Enabled bool             `json:"enabled"`
+    Password string          `json:"password"`
+    Timeout time.Duration    `json:"timeout"`
+}
+func Default() Config {
+    return Config{Server: omniConfig.Default(), BatchSize: 100, Enabled: true,
+        Timeout: 3*time.Second}
 }
 func (c Config) Validate() error {
-    if c.Timeout <= 0 {
-        return config.Invalid("timeout", "must be positive")
+    if err := c.Server.Validate(); err != nil {
+        return omniConfig.AtField("server", err)
    }
+    if c.BatchSize < 0 { return omniConfig.Invalid("batchSize", "must not be negative") }
    return nil
 }
-
-// cfg, err := config.LoadProject("etc/config.yaml", Config{},
-//     config.EnvOptions{Prefix: "APP_", Empty: "reject"})
-```
-
-`LoadProject` 接收结构体默认值，可实现值接收器或指针接收器的 `Validate() error`。空路径表示不读文件。
-`DecodeFile` 只做文件覆盖，不做 envDefault、环境覆盖或业务 Validate；旧的两参数调用仍有效，可用结构体或结构体指针。低层 `ApplyDefaults`、`OverlayEnv`、`LoadFile` 继续存在。
-
-嵌套校验用 `config.AtField("client", err)` 加路径前缀。公共原因通过 `config.Invalid` 提供，原因中不要包含密码、DSN、Token 或输入原值。
-
-## JSON / YAML / XML
-
-按文件扩展名选择解析器：`.json`、`.yaml`、`.yml`、`.xml`，大小写不敏感。所有格式使用 Go 结构体的 **json 字段名**，无需为 XML 复制一份结构或标签。
-以下配置等价：
-
-```json
-{"client":{"timeout":"2s"},"enabled":false,"ports":[8080,8081],"optional":null}
+// 手写项目；生成项目的 Load 已自动调用此入口。
+cfg, err := omniConfig.LoadProject("etc/config.yaml", Default())
 ```

 ```yaml
-client:
-  timeout: 2s
+server:
+  address: "${HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}"
+password: "${DB_PASSWORD}"
+timeout: "${REQUEST_TIMEOUT:-3s}"
 enabled: false
-ports: [8080, 8081]
-optional: null
+```
+
+文件未写 batchSize，保留 100；enabled 明确写 false，就使用 false。变量名字完全由文件决定，不需要对应 Go 字段名。配置文件可只列出部署需要变动的字段；不会自动导出/打印包含凭据的完整配置。
+
+## 引用语法
+
+| 文件里的值 | 含义 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `host: 127.0.0.1` | 固定值，不读取任何环境变量 |
+| `password: "${DB_PASSWORD}"` | 未设置或空字符串报错，不回退到 Default() |
+| `port: "${DB_PORT:-3306}"` | 未设置或为空时使用 3306 |
+| `sessionToken: "${SESSION_TOKEN:-}"` | 未设置或为空时使用空字符串，是否合法由目标类型和 Validate 决定 |
+| `url: "https://${HOST}:${PORT:-443}/v1"` | 普通字符串中可出现多个引用 |
+| `literal: "$${DB_PASSWORD}"` | 得到字面量 `${DB_PASSWORD}`，不读取变量 |
+| `literal: "$$cost"` | `$$` 转义一个 `$`，得到 `$cost` |
+
+变量名遵循 `[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]*`。只支持 `${NAME}`、`${NAME:-fallback}` 和 `$$` 转义，不支持 `${NAME-default}`、嵌套引用或 shell 表达式。普通单独的 `$` 保留。fallback 到第一个 `}` 结束，可包含冒号、`:-`、引号等文件格式允许的字符；需要包含 `}` 的值可使用固定值或环境变量。
+
+解析只扫描文件的**已解码字段值**，不替换 YAML/JSON/XML 源文本，不扩展字段名，也不扫描 Default() 的字符串。插入的环境值和 fallback 不再展开。密码 `DDSFLKJlsf:saf:-123`、引号、换行、`${OTHER}` 均原样保留，不破坏文档结构。字符串不统一 TrimSpace；`"0"`、`"false"` 和全空格字符串均属于已提供。
+
+同一变量每次加载最多读取一次；下一次加载会重新读取。没有全局变量值缓存。并发加载各自维护结果，不能把调用者正在修改的默认配置当作共享可变输入。
+
+## 类型与覆盖
+
+目标 Go 类型决定引用结果的转换：整数、浮点数、布尔值、`time.Duration`、字符串、指针及已有自定义 JSON/Text 反序列化。数值范围按目标位宽检查，整数不经过 float64。自定义反序列化仍由自定义类型解释文本，不猜测其业务含义。
+
+- 文件缺失字段保留初始值；显式 0、false、空字符串正常覆盖，不用零值判断字段是否存在。
+- `${MISSING}` 失败就报错；需要备用值必须写 `${MISSING:-value}`。
+- 字符串编号 `"001"` 保持 `001`；绑定到 int 才转整数。环境里的 `null` 不自动变成空指针，`[1,2]` 不自动变成数组。
+- 集合直接在文件里声明，可在每个标量元素中使用引用，例如 `ports: ["${PORT_A:-8080}", "${PORT_B:-8081}"]`。
+- 数组整体替换；空 slice 保持非 nil；固定长度 Go 数组要求长度一致。map 合并键，已提供键的值整体替换。
+- 固定文件 null 沿用 JSON 语义：清空指针/map/slice/interface，普通值字段保持初始值。需要区分 null 时使用指针。
+- `any` 的引用结果保持字符串，不猜测动态类型。固定 JSON/YAML 数字使用 json.Number 保留精度。
+- 引用成功后的值不会再覆盖一次。旧 `GO_OMNI_*` 名称只有出现在文件引用中才有作用；不隐式重置日志 file/rotation。
+
+普通固定字符串仍按原有严格绑定规则处理；不会为了支持变量，把所有 `"123"` 都自动转换成数字。
+
+## YAML、JSON、XML 一致
+
+使用 Go 的 `json` 字段名，无需维护三份 tag。以下三份文件等价：
+
+```yaml
+port: "${PORT:-3306}"
+password: "${PASSWORD}"
+```
+
+```json
+{"port":"${PORT:-3306}","password":"${PASSWORD}"}
 ```

 ```xml
-<config>
-  <client><timeout>2s</timeout></client>
-  <enabled>false</enabled>
-  <ports type="array"><item>8080</item><item>8081</item></ports>
-  <optional type="null"/>
-</config>
+<config><port>${PORT:-3306}</port><password>${PASSWORD}</password></config>
 ```

-XML 必须使用一个 `<config>` 根；普通叶节点按目标 Go 类型转换。数组显式 `type="array"` 加 `<item>`，不根据重复元素猜测类型。`type="array"` 空元素表示空数组，`type="object"` 表示空对象，`type="null"` 表示 null。`any` 中的 XML 叶节点默认是字符串，需要动态数字/布尔时标注 `type="number"` / `type="bool"`；也可用 `type="string"`。
+XML 使用 `<config>` 根，标量占位符写在普通叶元素或 `type="string"` 元素中，由 Go 字段决定类型；显式 `type="number"` / `type="bool"` 表示文件里已经有合法数字/布尔常量。XML 数组用 `type="array"` 加 `<item>`；空对象 `type="object"`、null 用 `type="null"`。不从重复元素猜测数组。

-类型和覆盖规则：
+`.api` 不经过配置加载器，响应模板 `${code}` 不变。**如果把响应模板写在 YAML/JSON/XML 配置文件里，须转义：**

- 缺失字段保留默认值；显式 0、false、空字符串正常覆盖。
- null 清空指针、map、slice、interface；普通值字段保持默认值，沿用 Go JSON 解码语义。需要区分 null 时用指针。
- 数组整体替换；空 slice 保持非 nil；固定长度 Go 数组要求长度一致，避免丢弃多余配置。
- map 合并键，已提供的键整体覆盖对应值；map 中未提供的键保留。
- duration 支持 `250ms`、`3s`；整数保持精度，动态 JSON 数字使用 `json.Number`，不先转 float64。
- 自定义 `json.Unmarshaler` / `encoding.TextUnmarshaler` 仍可接入。这些回调是可信项目代码，必须自己保证并发和副作用安全；不要修改共享外部状态。
- JSON `,string` 字段、嵌入字段遵循 JSON 字段选择；未知字段、重复绑定、冲突均拒绝。
-
-内置解析器限制：单文件最多 1 MiB，解析最多 64 层、100000 个节点；绑定和默认值复制也有深度限制。只接受普通文件，不读取设备或命名管道。不支持多文档、重复字段、无效 UTF-8；YAML 拒绝 alias/merge/custom tag，XML 拒绝 DTD/外部实体、命名空间、业务属性和混合内容。XML 仅支持配置所需的子集，不是通用 XML 文档映射器。
-
-这些限制针对启动配置，避免意外超大文件、别名扩展和模糊覆盖。自定义值解码器的内部字段校验由该解码器负责；例如现有错误目录使用其专有解码规则。
-
-## 环境覆盖
-
-统一入口的 EnvOptions 控制前缀、空值策略、别名和 Lookup。完整 JSON 路径自动转换为 UPPER_SNAKE_CASE：`client.timeout` → `APP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT`。
-
-```go
-config.EnvOptions{
-    Prefix: "GO_OMNI_", Empty: "ignore",
-    Aliases: config.ServerEnvAliases("GO_OMNI_", "server"),
-}
+```yaml
+server:
+  response:
+    body:
+      code: "$${code}"
+      msg: "$${message}"
+      data: "$${data}"
 ```

-生成项目同时接受完整的 `GO_OMNI_SERVER_HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT` 与短别名 `GO_OMNI_HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT`。完整名存在时优先，即便其空值被 ignore，也不回退别名。不会再二次调用 ApplyEnv 覆盖业务字段。
+加载后恢复为 `${code}` 等响应占位符，仍由响应编码器处理。

-显式 `env:"CUSTOM_NAME"` 是绝对名称；`env:"-"` 跳过子树。`json:"-"` 只在声明显式 env 名时参与，可让密钥只能从环境加载。`secret` 标签表达用途，解析错误对所有字段都不打印值。slice/map 的环境值采用 JSON。`required` 检查字符串非空、指针/集合非 nil；复杂范围由 Validate 负责。详见 [完整业务环境覆盖](DEVELOPMENT.md#完整业务配置的环境覆盖)。
+## 生成项目与检查

-显式环境选择日志 stdout/stderr 会清除文件 profile 的 File/Rotation，除非同时提供非空 File 覆盖。该兼容规则由框架处理。
+| 文件 | 维护方 |
+| --- | --- |
+| `main.go`、`internal/config/loadGen.go` | 生成器维护，纳入 `generate --check` |
+| `internal/config/config.go` | 项目维护 Config、Default、Validate |
+| `etc/config.yaml` 等选定文件 | 项目维护，重新生成不覆盖 |
+| `internal/config/loader.go` | 初次生成即可使用，仅添加自定义格式时才修改 |

-## 扩展解析器
+```sh
+go run . -config etc/config.test.yaml -check-config
+go run . -config etc/config.local.yaml
+go build .
+go-omni api generate --check
+```

-内置格式直接可用。新增格式只在 `internal/config/loader.go` 的 `NewLoader` 注册：
+`-check-config` 使用与启动完全相同的 Load，通过时退出 0、失败时非零；不打印配置，不创建日志文件、数据库、后台组件或 HTTP 监听。它只校验配置，不检测真实数据库连接或证书握手。
+
+`-config` 只选一个文件，不自动叠加 local/test/default。指定文件不存在时报错；`-config ''` 只使用 Default() 后校验，不读取任何环境变量，也不寻找其他文件。示例：[examples/configuration](examples/configuration/README.md)。
+
+## 安全诊断与限制
+
+```text
+config "etc/config.yaml":7:9 env "DB_PORT" field "database.port": expected a valid int
+```
+
+`*config.Error` 包含 File/Field/Env/Line/Column/Reason。引用错误同时保留文件与环境变量名；组合引用失败可列出多个名字。行列定位原文件字段，不把环境值伪装成源文件文本。无法取得位置时仍提供可用的文件/字段信息。
+
+用 `config.Invalid(field, publicReason)` 或 `config.AtField(prefix, err)` 报业务校验错误。未知字段给出唯一且接近的已声明字段建议，不自动修改。错误默认不打印原值；自定义 Reason 不应拼入秘密值。原始 cause 仍支持 errors.Is/As，不要把 Unwrap 后的错误或整个配置写到日志。
+
+文件最多 1 MiB；单个环境值/展开字段最多 1 MiB，展开字符串合计/变量缓存分别最多 4 MiB；解析/展开限制 64 层、100000 个节点与引用计数。拒绝无效 UTF-8、多文档、重复字段、未知字段、非普通文件；YAML 不接受 alias/merge/custom tag，XML 不接受 DTD/外部实体。不执行 shell，不自动加载 `.env`。
+
+## 可选解析器与测试来源
+
+内置格式无需项目手写加载器。需要额外格式时在已有 NewLoader 注册 Decoder，后续仍自动经过同一引用/绑定/校验流程：

 ```go
 func NewLoader() (*omniConfig.Loader, error) {
    return omniConfig.NewLoader(
-        omniConfig.WithDecoder("custom", omniConfig.DecoderFunc(
-            func(data []byte) (omniConfig.Document, error) {
-                // 演示注册扩展名；实际可在这里调用项目选定的 TOML 等解析库。
-                return (omniConfig.JSONDecoder{}).Decode(data)
-            },
-        )),
+        omniConfig.WithDecoder("custom", omniConfig.JSONDecoder{}),
    )
 }
 ```

-Decoder 返回 Document：Value 是 map[string]any 根，子值为 string/bool/json.Number/nil/[]any/map[string]any；无自身类型的叶节点可返回 config.Text。Positions 可选，用 `client.timeout` 或 `servers[0].timeout` 标记 1-based 行列。不提供位置时仍有文件、字段、原因。
+Decoder 返回 Document（map/string/bool/json.Number/nil/[]any，XML 类标量可用 Text），可提供 Positions。实例注册无全局 init；插件必须可并发调用、不修改共享输入，并且是可信 Go 代码。

-自己的语法错误可返回 `&config.Error{Field: "client.timeout", Line: 3, Column: 5, Reason: "expected a duration"}`。Reason 必须安全；普通第三方错误仅公开 `invalid configuration syntax`，内部 cause 通过 errors.Is/As 保留。
+测试或嵌入宿主可以用 `WithLookupEnv(func(string)(string,bool))` 替换引用查找函数。它仍然只读取文件明确引用的名称，不启用任何自动覆盖。普通业务不需要这个选项。

-注册表属于 Loader 实例，无全局 init 注册；不能覆盖已有扩展名。Loader 可共享，但 Decoder 必须支持并发且不保留/修改输入。解析插件是可信 Go 代码，框架不是插件沙箱。新格式依赖由选择它的项目显式引入，核心不强制引入 TOML 等库。
+## v0.22 迁移：旧模式已移除

-## 定位配置错误
+这是不兼容调整，不保留两套加载逻辑：

-```text
-config "etc/config.yaml":4:12 field "client.timeout": expected a duration such as 5s
-config env "APP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT" field "client.timeout": expected a valid time.Duration
-```
+- 删除 `EnvOptions`、`LoadFromEnv`、`ApplyEnv`、`OverlayEnv`、`ApplyDefaults`、`ServerEnvAliases` 和 `env`/`envDefault` 标签处理；检出遗留标签会提示迁移。
+- 删除 `database.ConfigFromEnv` / `database.ApplyEnv`；数据库配置作为项目 Config 的字段绑定。DSN 字段可在文件里使用 `dsn: "${DB_DSN}"`，序列化 database.Config 不输出 DSN 原值。
+- `LoadProject(path, defaults[, loader])` 不再接收 EnvOptions；`LoadFile(path)`、`NewReloader(path, logger)` 不再接收前缀。
+- `omni.LoadConfig(path)` 的参数现在是文件路径；空路径只用框架默认值。

-`errors.As(err, &diagnostic)` 可获取 `*config.Error` 的 File/Field/Env/Line/Column/Reason；原 `DecodeError` 名称保留为别名。`errors.Is` 可判断文件不存在等 I/O 原因。
+迁移顺序：

-解析失败显示文件和可获取的行列；Validate 使用 Invalid/AtField 才能定位业务字段。环境覆盖导致的错误优先标环境变量，不错误地归因到文件；数组元素验证也会追溯到覆盖它的集合环境变量。默认值未出现在文件里时没有行列。YAML 语法错误通常只有行号，列显示 1。
+1. 将 envDefault 默认值搬入 Default()，移除 env/envDefault 标签。需要文件绑定的旧 `json:"-"` 密钥字段改成明确 json 名称；不打印配置对象。
+2. 按实际部署需要，在选定文件写环境引用。固定值保持固定，不按原前缀猜测。原先依赖环境切换日志输出的项目，应在文件明确配置 file/output/rotation。
+3. 配置文件中的其他 `${...}` 模板改成 `$${...}` 字面量；`.api` 无需修改。
+4. 手写项目改为 LoadProject。生成项目保留 Config/Default/Validate/NewLoader，删除旧手写 Load 后重新生成；main/loadGen 由生成器更新，业务配置文件不会被静默改写。
+5. 升级匹配的 CLI 与框架，执行 generate、generate --check、go test、go build 和 `-check-config`，再使用真实部署配置启动。

-不打印底层错误原文或配置值；任意普通 `errors.New(...)` 校验失败的公开原因是 `validation failed`，内部原因仍在链中。项目应改用 Invalid 给出安全的原因。第三方子配置校验若没有字段元数据，只定位到对应子树，框架不会从任意错误文案猜字段。
-
-不要把 Unwrap 后的原始错误、整个配置对象写入公开日志/HTTP；自定义解析器与校验器传入的 Reason 由项目负责脱敏。
-
-## v0.19 及更早项目迁移
-
-先提交现有代码，再升级匹配的 CLI 与框架。旧项目的 `internal/config/config.go` 含手写 Load，新生成器会明确阻止 generate/check/dry-run，不会直接覆盖它。
-
-1. 保留 Config、Default、Validate、业务配置结构及辅助函数。
-2. 删除旧 Load。普通的 defaults/file/env/Validate 流程已由 LoadProject 接管；移除由此不再使用的 import。将自定义默认值和校验分别迁入 Default / Validate，自定义文件格式迁入 NewLoader。
-3. 框架只在 `loader.go` 不存在时创建 NewLoader；已有项目文件同名时需要保证它提供同签名函数。无需手写 loadGen.go。
-4. 重新生成，执行 `generate --check`、`go test ./...`、`go build .`，再用真实配置验证启动。
-
-保留业务需要的显式 env 标签/规则；如果原 Load 有解密或其他项目特殊步骤，不要直接删除，应先明确其归属，必要时在自定义 Decoder 中处理。生成器不自动搬动或猜测手写行为。`api upgrade` 仍可预览较早版本的基础设施差异，但已修改的配置必须按上述步骤迁移。
-
-不会移除低层配置 API；本次移除的是**新项目里重复手写的加载流程**，不删除旧项目的业务文件。
-
-完整可运行例子：[examples/configuration](examples/configuration/README.md)。
+低层 `DecodeFile(path, defaults[, loader])` 也解析显式引用，但不调用 Validate；默认值和原始 Document 都不会因失败而被部分修改。日志 Reloader 仍只允许 log.level 变化，其他静态字段变更要求重启。
--- a/DEVELOPMENT.md
+++ b/DEVELOPMENT.md
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# 通用业务开发指南（v0.20.0-preview）
+# 通用业务开发指南（v0.22.0-preview）

 从 [README](README.md) 创建服务后，业务主要维护 `.api`、配置、`svc.Init`、Logic、Repository 和项目中间件。本页说明通用接入能力；字段、错误码、权限、表结构和事务边界都由项目定义。

@@ -100,44 +100,13 @@ defer reader.Close()

 不声明 multipart 字段时，保留原来的 `body *httpx.Body` 流式入口，不创建临时文件。该方式适合特殊协议；项目应在不可撤销副作用之前完成校验并调用 `body.Complete()`。下载和原始回调继续使用 `@produces` / `@body(mode: raw)`。

-## 完整业务配置的环境覆盖
+## 文件声明配置来源

-生成器维护 `internal/config/loadGen.go`；项目维护 Config/Default/Validate 和可选 NewLoader。三种格式、可扩展解析器、字段错误定位及旧 Load 迁移见 [统一配置指南](CONFIG.md)。
+项目维护 Config、Default()、Validate() 和配置文件；生成器维护 Load/main。流程为默认值→选定文件→显式 `${NAME}` / `${NAME:-fallback}` 引用→类型绑定→校验。没有前缀、别名或 env/envDefault 隐式覆盖。

-生成项目默认执行：代码与 `envDefault` 默认值 → JSON/YAML/XML 文件 → 全结构体环境覆盖（含别名）→ 规范化 → `Validate`。增加业务字段不需要另外写 `os.Getenv`。
+固定值保持固定，缺失字段保留 Default()，0/false/空字符串正常覆盖；引用失败不回退初始化默认值。`$$` 转义 `$`，字符串凭据保留空格与特殊字符。

-```go
-type ClientConfig struct {
-    Endpoint string        `json:"endpoint" env:"CLIENT_ENDPOINT,required"`
-    Token    string        `json:"-" env:"CLIENT_TOKEN,required,secret,empty=reject"`
-    Timeout  time.Duration `json:"timeout" envDefault:"3s"`
-    Retries  []int         `json:"retries"`
-    Enabled  bool          `json:"enabled"`
-}
-```
-
-把字段加入项目 `Config` 后，默认环境名取 `GO_OMNI_` 加 JSON 路径的 UPPER_SNAKE_CASE，如 `GO_OMNI_CLIENT_TIMEOUT`。显式 env 名是完整名称，可以使用自己的业务前缀。`env:"-"` 排除整个子树；`json:"-"` 字段只有显式 env 标签才参与。
-
-duration 使用 `250ms`、`3s`；slice/map 使用 JSON，如 `[1,3,5]`、`{"retry":"2s"}`。支持嵌套、零/false、空数组、自定义 TextUnmarshaler。空环境值默认允许；可选择 `empty=ignore` 或 `empty=reject`。required 要求字符串非空、指针/集合非 nil；0 和 false 可以是合法业务值，范围由项目 Validate 决定。
-
-手写项目可使用 `config.LoadProject(path, defaults, config.EnvOptions{Prefix:"MY_APP_"})`，或分别调用 `ApplyDefaults/DecodeFile/OverlayEnv`。读取失败不修改输入默认值；诊断不会打印输入值。不要主动打印含密钥的整个配置，或把底层解析错误展开到公开响应。Validate 不打开日志文件、数据库或存储连接；证书的可读性和握手信任在依赖初始化阶段验证。
-
-### 一次覆盖完整配置与 HTTP/日志短名称
-
-```go
-cfg, err = config.OverlayEnv(cfg, config.EnvOptions{
-    Prefix: "MY_APP_",
-    Empty: "reject", // allow / ignore / reject，项目自行选择
-    Aliases: config.ServerEnvAliases("MY_APP_", "server"),
-    // Lookup 可注入测试或项目配置源；默认 os.LookupEnv。
-})
-```
-
-不要再紧接着调用 `ApplyEnv(cfg.Server, ...)`。上面的调用同时处理完整配置和 HTTP_ADDR、SERVICE、LOG_LEVEL 等框架短名称。例如 `MY_APP_SERVER_ADDRESS` 与 `MY_APP_HTTP_ADDR` 指向同一字段，**完整名称优先**；未设置时才读取短名称。完整名称显式设空仍优先：allow 交给该字段解析（string 可清空；数字等仍要求合法值），ignore 保留文件/默认值，reject 报错。不会因 ignore 再退回别名。字段 `env` 标签的 empty 规则优先于全局规则。
-
-自定义别名用 `EnvOptions.Aliases`，键是完整环境名、值是按优先级排列的别名数组。两种名称都使用同一 Lookup、空值策略和类型转换；布尔 false、数值 0 与未设置不同。集合始终使用 JSON，包括 `MY_APP_TRUSTED_PROXIES='["127.0.0.1"]'`。
-
-新项目模板一次调用 OverlayEnv，默认 `Empty: "ignore"`。旧 `ApplyEnv` 保留原有忽略空值、修剪空白及 TRUSTED_PROXIES 逗号列表行为。已有项目的 `internal/config` 属于开发者文件，升级不覆盖它；按上例合并原来的两次覆盖调用后，保留项目自己的 Validate。日志输出的显式完整名称也优先于短名称。
+`go run . -config etc/config.test.yaml -check-config` 只校验，不打开日志、数据库或端口。生成/check/dry-run 保留业务文件；新的模板要求 v0.22。完整格式、错误定位、解析器与移除清单见 [CONFIG.md](CONFIG.md)。

 ## 依赖、日志与中间件

@@ -280,7 +249,7 @@ go-omni workspace check --file omni.workspace.json

 ## v0.13 项目升级

-先使用与目标框架匹配的 CLI；CLI 会提示与 go.mod 不同的版本。当前生成模板至少需要 v0.20.0-preview（或显式引用当前源码）。
+先使用与目标框架匹配的 CLI；CLI 会提示与 go.mod 不同的版本。当前生成模板至少需要 v0.22.0-preview（或显式引用当前源码）。

 ```sh
 go-omni api upgrade --dir . --dry-run
--- a/MODULES.md
+++ b/MODULES.md
@@ -70,30 +70,26 @@ application.OnShutdown(client.Close)

 ```go
 client, err := httpc.New(httpc.Config{
-    Timeout: 3*time.Second, MaxRetries: 2, MaxConnsPerHost: 32,
-    MaxResponseBytes: 1 << 20,
+    Proxy: httpc.ProxyConfig{Mode: httpc.ProxyDirect},
+    Timeout: 3*time.Second, DialTimeout: time.Second,
+    TLSHandshakeTimeout: time.Second, ResponseHeaderTimeout: time.Second,
+    MaxConnsPerHost: 32, MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 16, MaxIdleConns: 64,
+    IdleConnTimeout: 60*time.Second, MaxResponseBytes: 1<<20,
 })
 if err != nil { return err }
 application.OnShutdown(client.Close)
-err = client.JSON(ctx, "GET", serviceURL, nil, &result)
+err = client.JSON(ctx, "GET", serviceURL, nil, &result,
+    httpc.WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer "+token),
+)
 ```

-客户端应在服务启动时创建并复用。默认使用独立的 `net/http.Transport` 连接池，每个目标主机
-有连接上限；该上限不是整个进程的全局连接数上限。也可以注入自有 `http.RoundTripper`，
-其连接限制和生命周期由调用方负责。这样出站实现同样可以替换。
+启动时创建并复用 Client。代理可选环境、直连、固定地址；不配置时保留标准库原代理策略。JSON 支持单次请求头和响应限额，不保存 Client 全局 Token。新阶段超时与空闲连接参数可选，0 沿用默认。

-总超时覆盖建连、重试、等待和读取响应体。`Do` 返回后调用方必须读取/关闭 `response.Body`；
-`JSON` 自动关闭，并限制解码前读取的字节数。`Do` 允许流式读取，本身不限制响应体大小。
-`Close` 拒绝新请求、关闭自有池的空闲连接；在途请求应先排空。
+成功响应读取有界；output=nil 流式丢弃，不整体缓存。小错误体只在大小/时间预算内尝试读完以复用连接；未知或大错误体及时关闭。Do 保留标准流式 Request/Response，由调用者限量读取并关闭 body。Close 拒绝新调用并关闭自有池空闲连接，项目先排空在途工作。

-`MaxRetries` 默认 0，最多 5。封装只对可重放的 GET/HEAD/OPTIONS 重试网络错误及
-429/502/503/504；POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE 不做应用层自动重试。标准库 Transport 和借用的
-RoundTripper 自身的重放规则仍生效，不能据此承诺“只执行一次”。退避带抖动，尊重
-`Retry-After`；服务器要求等待超过 `MaxBackoff` 时直接返回该响应，不提前重试。
-重定向交给业务处理，3xx 不会自动跟随。
+自定义 Transport 借用、不修改、不关闭；不能同时指定池/代理/阶段选项。总超时持续覆盖 HTTP 等待、重试和读取 body，但不抢占 JSON 编解码或不遵守 context 的自定义代码。MaxRetries 默认 0，只对可重放 GET/HEAD/OPTIONS 重试；3xx 不跟随。标准库和借用 Transport 自身仍可能重放，不能据此承诺业务只执行一次。

-默认从 context 传递 `X-Request-ID`，日志只包含方法、主机、状态、尝试次数和收到响应头的耗时，
-不记录完整 URL、查询参数、凭证和响应体。非 2xx 的 JSON 调用返回只带状态码的 `StatusError`。
+完整参数、NO_PROXY、TLS、安全日志、重试、签名兼容说明见 [httpc 指南](httpc/README.md)，可运行 [HTTP Client 示例](examples/httpClient/README.md)。

 ## 请求保护：middleware

--- a/PROJECT.md
+++ b/PROJECT.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # 生成项目与文件维护边界

-v0.20.0-preview 提供受管理的生成项目。安装同版远程 CLI，生成的项目直接引用该版本，无需本地 replace。根目录入口支持 `go run .` 和 `go build .`；框架本身仍然是可直接引用的库。安装和私有仓库访问见 [README](README.md#准备环境与安装)。
+v0.22.0-preview 提供受管理的生成项目。安装同版远程 CLI，生成的项目直接引用该版本，无需本地 replace。根目录入口支持 `go run .` 和 `go build .`；框架本身仍然是可直接引用的库。安装和私有仓库访问见 [README](README.md#准备环境与安装)。

 ## 创建和日常开发

@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ server:

 `responseMode: raw` 返回 `{"status":"ready"}` 等健康数据，有依赖时包含检查名称、结果与耗时；不包装公共体。存活检查不执行依赖探针；服务开始退出后，就绪检查返回 503，存活仍可返回 200，直到监听关闭。OpenAPI 始终输出规范文档本身，不使用业务响应包装；关闭 HTTP 文档端点不影响生成 `docs/openapi.json`。

-环境变量覆盖配置文件，例如 `GO_OMNI_ENDPOINTS_READINESS_PATH=/readyz`、`GO_OMNI_ENDPOINTS_READINESS_RESPONSE_MODE=raw`、`GO_OMNI_ENDPOINTS_OPENAPI_ENABLED=false`；liveness/readiness/openapi 都支持对应的 ENABLED 和 PATH。Config/AppOptions 的最终有效配置决定是否注册。
+内置路由配置由项目文件明确设置，也可以使用 `${NAME:-fallback}` 引用；不再按字段名自动读取环境变量。Config/AppOptions 的最终有效配置决定是否注册。

 关闭或改名后，旧路径不再由框架保留，项目可以在 `.api` 自己声明。启用的内置 GET 路由与业务路由相同或被业务参数/通配路径覆盖时，在创建 App、开始监听之前报错；不会覆盖业务路由。内置接口仍经过全局中间件；项目在鉴权中间件中明确决定这些路径的访问规则，框架不自动绕过鉴权。

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ get /download (DownloadReq)

 ## 已有服务接入步骤

-每个独立服务生成一个项目，module 名称、上层目录和共享业务包由项目选择。接入时固定 CLI 与框架版本为 v0.20.0-preview：
+每个独立服务生成一个项目，module 名称、上层目录和共享业务包由项目选择。接入时固定 CLI 与框架版本为 v0.22.0-preview：

 1. 先保留旧服务，整理实际路由及现有响应、鉴权和超时要求。在新目录执行 `go-omni new --api /path/to/service.api --module example.com/service ./service`；不对旧入口强制覆盖。
 2. 在 `.api` 中选择 `@app(defaultResponse: ...)`，显式保留原项目的字段、成功码、错误码和 `dataMode`。需要独立回执的路由单独声明 raw/produces。普通路由、404/405 和提前返回的中间件一起验收。
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 GoOmni 是面向多个业务项目复用的 Go 后端框架：用 `.api` 定义接口、请求和返回类型，生成项目目录、HTTP 接入代码及 OpenAPI，业务代码负责 Logic 和 Repository。也可以在已有项目中直接使用 `omni.New()`，或单独引入日志、存储等模块。

-**从这份 README 开始接入。** 当前版本 **`v0.20.0-preview`**，新生成项目采用根目录入口和 `config / svc / logic / handler`。可以固定版本开展业务接入；文件维护边界和已有服务迁移步骤见 [项目指南](PROJECT.md)，版本变化与验收见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。
+**从这份 README 开始接入。** 当前版本 **`v0.22.0-preview`**，新生成项目采用根目录入口和 `config / svc / logic / handler`。可以固定版本开展业务接入；文件维护边界和已有服务迁移步骤见 [项目指南](PROJECT.md)，版本变化与验收见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。

 **v0.19 改动**：新增可选 `copyx` 工具，用普通 Go 调用完成浅拷贝、深拷贝和显式类型转换；深拷贝会拒绝自定义转换中残留的源对象可变引用。**移除了 `mappings` / `mappingFiles` 和映射代码生成**，已有使用者须按 [迁移步骤](COPY.md#从旧-mapping-迁移) 调整，不能直接删除仍在调用的旧文件。

@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ Go **1.22+**。框架不依赖 Gin，默认使用标准库网络层，提供可

 响应字段、业务码、登录方式、权限规则和数据库表结构由接入项目决定。文中的 `code/msg/data`、`200/9999` 都是示例配置，可以替换。

-契约支持 `returns([]string/[]int64/[]bool/[]any)`、OpenAPI 公共引用、workspace 一次导出共享 Go 错误目录，以及统一环境变量别名覆盖。详细配置与升级步骤见 [业务开发指南](DEVELOPMENT.md)。
+契约支持 `returns([]string/[]int64/[]bool/[]any)`、OpenAPI 公共引用、workspace 一次导出共享 Go 错误目录，以及文件显式环境引用与配置检查。详细配置与升级步骤见 [业务开发指南](DEVELOPMENT.md)。

-已有通用开发能力见 [业务开发指南](DEVELOPMENT.md)：数组/null、严格请求策略、声明式上传、完整配置环境覆盖、资源生命周期、共享契约和升级工具。MySQL 直接使用 [官方适配器](database/mysql/README.md)。
+已有通用开发能力见 [业务开发指南](DEVELOPMENT.md)：数组/null、严格请求策略、声明式上传、文件显式配置引用、资源生命周期、共享契约和升级工具。MySQL 直接使用 [官方适配器](database/mysql/README.md)。

 后台组件可在 svc 登记 [分阶段关闭](lifecycle/README.md#后台组件分阶段关闭)，先停止接收工作并等待收尾，再关闭共享资源；无需绑定队列或 ORM。

@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ Go **1.22+**。框架不依赖 Gin，默认使用标准库网络层，提供可
 | 错误目录与动态提示 | `WithErrors(catalog)` 注册一次；`ByCode(...).WithParams(...).WithCause(err)` | [错误目录](errors/README.md)、[模板参数示例](examples/contracts/errorParams.api) |
 | OpenAPI 与错误公共引用 | `.api` 自动生成；手写接口可使用 `openapi` 注册器；Go 错误目录显式导出 | [契约工具](DEVELOPMENT.md)、[注册示例](examples/platform/main.go) |
 | 结构化业务日志 | `logx.Info/Error`、`logx.FromContext(ctx)`、`logx.New`；支持轮转、脱敏、慢请求和级别更新 | [下方日志示例](#日志)、[完整配置](logx/README.md) |
-| 文件配置与环境覆盖 | 默认值→JSON/YAML/XML→环境→校验；完整业务结构用 `config.LoadProject[T]` / 环境别名 | [统一配置指南](CONFIG.md)、[完整可运行示例](examples/configuration/README.md)、[动态级别](ADVANCED.md#配置与日志热更新) |
+| 文件配置与环境引用 | Default()→JSON/YAML/XML 字段引用→类型绑定→校验；无隐式覆盖，支持 `-check-config` | [统一配置指南](CONFIG.md)、[完整可运行示例](examples/configuration/README.md)、[动态级别](ADVANCED.md#配置与日志热更新) |
 | 生命周期与健康检查 | svc 登记 OnClose/OnStop/OnDrain，RequestShutdown 通知故障；健康路径/开关可配 | [生命周期用法](lifecycle/README.md)、[健康检查](health/README.md)、[生成项目扩展](PROJECT.md) |
 | 数据库、连接池与事务 | `database.Open` / `OpenConnector`；事务与检查由项目显式调用 | [通用数据库](database/README.md)、[MySQL TLS/Logger](database/mysql/README.md) |
 | 可选 GORM 与迁移 | gormx 复用已有连接池；`go-omni migrate` 预览，显式 apply | [GORM 示例](database/gormx/README.md)、[迁移用法](ADVANCED.md#迁移审计与分页) |
 | 认证与权限接口 | 注入 Authenticator / Policy；JWT 或 Session 只是可选实现 | [认证说明](auth/README.md)、[鉴权完整例子](examples/platform/README.md) |
 | 缓存 | `cache.NewMemory` 或 Redis 实现；业务面向 Store 的 Get/Set/Delete | [缓存配置/代码](MODULES.md)、[可运行模块服务](examples/modules/README.md) |
-| 出站 HTTP、熔断 | `httpc.New` 复用连接池与截止时间；`resilience.New` 隔离故障依赖 | [HTTP 用法](MODULES.md)、[熔断/观测](ADVANCED.md#熔断与观测) |
+| 出站 HTTP、熔断 | `httpc.New` 配置代理、连接池和阶段超时；JSON 支持单次请求头/限额；`resilience.New` 隔离故障 | [HTTP 完整用法](httpc/README.md)、[可运行示例](examples/httpClient/README.md)、[熔断/观测](ADVANCED.md#熔断与观测) |
 | 请求追踪、访问日志、恢复、限流、幂等、超时 | `app.Use(...)` 按需组合 middleware；跨副本选择 Redis 实现 | [模块说明与限制](MODULES.md#请求追踪与基础指标)、[分布式实现](ADVANCED.md#分布式限流与幂等) |
 | 本地后台任务与调度 | `task.New`、Submit、Every；有界队列、排空关闭 | [task 示例与生命周期](MODULES.md#后台执行task) |
 | 持久队列 | 业务使用 Publisher / Consumer；Redis Streams 提供至少一次交付 | [队列初始化/消费示例](ADVANCED.md#可靠队列) |
@@ -54,28 +54,57 @@ Go **1.22+**。框架不依赖 Gin，默认使用标准库网络层，提供可
 | 可选结构转换与深拷贝 | `copyx.Copy` / `Clone` / `New`；Go converter 处理差异 | [下方示例](#可选结构转换与深拷贝)、[完整 copyx 指南](COPY.md)、[可运行代码](examples/copying) |
 | 自定义适配器验收 | `transporttest.Run`、`storagetest.Run` / `RunUploads` 验证扩展契约 | [网络契约测试入口](transport/transporttest/router.go)、[存储契约测试入口](storage/storagetest/contract.go) |

-## 统一配置加载
+## 带认证的出站 HTTP

-新生成项目的加载流程由框架管理。业务在 `internal/config/config.go` 增加字段、默认值和 `Validate`，无需改 main 或复制环境变量解析。JSON、YAML、XML 共用字段和校验；扩展格式在 `loader.go` 注册。
+HTTP Client 在 svc 初始化一次，业务重复使用。普通内部请求可直接选择直连和连接参数，无需手写 Transport：

 ```go
-// 项目 Config 中增加字段，自动支持 GO_OMNI_BATCH_SIZE：
-BatchSize int `json:"batchSize" envDefault:"100"`
-
-// 项目 Validate 中增加业务范围检查：
-if c.BatchSize < 1 {
-    return omniConfig.Invalid("batchSize", "must be positive")
-}
+client, err := httpc.New(httpc.Config{
+    Proxy: httpc.ProxyConfig{Mode: httpc.ProxyDirect},
+    Timeout: 3*time.Second, DialTimeout: time.Second,
+    TLSHandshakeTimeout: time.Second, ResponseHeaderTimeout: time.Second,
+    MaxConnsPerHost: 32, MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 16, MaxIdleConns: 64,
+})
+if err != nil { return err }
+// 在 svc 生命周期登记 client.Close；关闭前先排空使用它的工作。
+err = client.JSON(ctx, "GET", endpoint, nil, &result,
+    httpc.WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer "+token),
+    httpc.WithMaxResponseBytes(64<<10),
+)
 ```

-错误包含文件、字段、可用的行列或环境变量名；输入原值不自动写入错误。
+请求头只作用于本次调用，不把用户 Token 留在共享 Client。默认代理/参数保持原行为；也可选择环境代理或固定代理。JSON 自动关闭并限制响应，Do 保留下载/流式读取扩展。完整配置、重试边界和已有自定义 Transport 的迁移见 [httpc](httpc/README.md)。
+
+```sh
+go run ./examples/httpClient
+```
+
+## 统一配置加载
+
+业务只维护 Config、Default()、Validate() 和配置文件。生成器维护 Load/main；文件缺失字段保留默认值，显式 0/false/空字符串正常覆盖，固定值不会被同名环境变量再次覆盖。
+
+```go
+BatchSize int `json:"batchSize"` // 加入 Config；在 Default() 中设置 BatchSize: 100。
+```
+
+```yaml
+server:
+  address: "${HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}"
+batchSize: "${BATCH_SIZE:-100}"
+password: "${DB_PASSWORD}"
+sessionToken: "${SESSION_TOKEN:-}"
+```
+
+`${NAME}` 未设置或为空就报错；`${NAME:-value}` 明确指定备用值。`$$` 转义 `$`；密码中的冒号、换行、引号和 `${...}` 原样插入，不二次解释。JSON/YAML/XML 共用解析后的字段处理和 Go 类型绑定，错误同时定位文件、字段、变量及可用行列，不打印原值。

 ```sh
 go run ./examples/configuration -format xml
 DEMO_CLIENT_TIMEOUT=500ms go run ./examples/configuration
+# 在生成项目中，仅检查选中的文件，不初始化依赖：
+go run . -config etc/config.test.yaml -check-config
 ```

-详见 [统一加载、解析器、迁移](CONFIG.md) 和 [完整示例](examples/configuration/README.md)。**旧项目须先迁移手写 Load，再重新生成**；生成器会保留业务配置并拒绝冲突，不静默覆盖。
+完整 [语义与迁移](CONFIG.md)、[可运行示例](examples/configuration/README.md)。**v0.22 移除旧自动环境覆盖、前缀/别名及 env/envDefault 标签**，生成项目先迁移开发者配置再重新生成；文件中的响应模板 `${code}` 写成 `$${code}`，`.api` 保持原样。

 ## 选择接入方式

@@ -97,7 +126,7 @@ module 地址是 `git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni`。先确保本机 Go 和 Git 可

 ```sh
 export GOPRIVATE="$(go env GOPRIVATE),git.yuntuo.hk"
-go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.20.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.22.0-preview
 export PATH="$(go env GOPATH)/bin:$PATH"
 go-omni --help
 ```
@@ -254,7 +283,7 @@ go-omni new --api catalog.api \
 在业务项目的 **go.mod 所在目录**执行：

 ```sh
-go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.20.0-preview
+go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.22.0-preview
 ```

 已有项目可直接复用现有目录、Service、Repository 和数据库连接，先选择一个接口接入。也可以只用 `logx`、`storage` 等包，暂时保留原来的 HTTP 框架。希望入口和 HTTP 接入都交给生成器的项目，按 [已有服务接入步骤](PROJECT.md#已有服务接入步骤) 在新目录生成后迁入业务代码。
@@ -498,20 +527,22 @@ API 项目的数据库迁移需要单独维护并显式执行；启动不会自

 ## 配置与运行

-生成项目从 `etc/config.yaml` 读取配置，优先级为 **默认值 → 配置文件 → 环境变量**。密钥通过环境变量提供。手写入口需显式调用配置加载函数并传给 `omni.New(omni.WithConfig(settings))`；单独调用 `omni.New()` 不会自动读取环境变量。
+生成项目使用 **Default() → 选定文件的显式引用 → 类型绑定 → Validate()**。固定值不会被环境变量覆盖；配置规则、转义及迁移见 [配置指南](CONFIG.md)。手写入口显式加载配置，再传入 `omni.New(omni.WithConfig(settings))`。

-| 环境变量 | 用途 |
+| 文件字段 | 用途 |
 | --- | --- |
-| `GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR` | 监听地址；生成项目默认 `127.0.0.1:8080` |
-| `GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT` | `nethttp`（默认）、`native`、`http2` |
-| `GO_OMNI_TLS_CERT_FILE` / `GO_OMNI_TLS_KEY_FILE` | 成对设置 TLS 证书和私钥路径 |
-| `GO_OMNI_HTTP_READ_HEADER_TIMEOUT` / `GO_OMNI_HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT` | 请求头 / 请求读取超时，如 `5s` / `30s` |
-| `GO_OMNI_HTTP_WRITE_TIMEOUT` / `GO_OMNI_HTTP_IDLE_TIMEOUT` | 响应写入 / Keep-Alive 空闲超时 |
-| `GO_OMNI_HTTP_MAX_HEADER_BYTES` | 请求头大小限制，字节数 |
-| `GO_OMNI_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT` | 优雅退出等待时间，默认 `10s` |
-| `GO_OMNI_ENABLE_LOGGER` / `GO_OMNI_LOG_LEVEL` | 访问日志开关、日志级别 |
-| `GO_OMNI_TRUSTED_PROXIES` | 可解析转发地址头的可信代理 IP/CIDR，逗号分隔 |
-| `GO_OMNI_DB_HOST/USER/PASSWORD/DATABASE` | 官方 MySQL 适配器的结构化连接配置 |
+| `server.address` | 监听地址，生成项目默认 127.0.0.1:8080 |
+| `server.transport` | nethttp（默认）、native、http2 |
+| `server.tls.certFile/keyFile` | 成对配置 TLS 证书和私钥路径 |
+| `server.http.readHeaderTimeout/readTimeout` | 请求头 / 请求读取超时 |
+| `server.http.writeTimeout/idleTimeout` | 响应写入 / Keep-Alive 空闲超时 |
+| `server.http.maxHeaderBytes` | 请求头大小限制，字节数 |
+| `server.shutdownTimeout` | 优雅退出等待时间，默认 10s |
+| `server.enableLogger` / `server.log.level` | 访问日志开关、日志级别 |
+| `server.trustedProxies` | 可信代理 IP/CIDR，文件数组 |
+| `database.host/user/password/database` | 官方 MySQL 结构化连接配置 |
+
+初始生成文件已为地址、网络层和选中模块的必要配置声明环境引用；其他字段按需要添加固定值或引用。

 例如在生成项目中切换 native：

@@ -556,7 +587,7 @@ go test ./...

 `main.go`、`Gen.go`、`docs/openapi.json` 和 manifest 由生成器管理，手动修改会报告冲突。Logic、Repository、中间件实现、配置和依赖装配属于项目，重复生成保留手写内容。契约变化会提示受影响的 Logic 文件和 DTO 字段，明确的签名错误会给出原签名与期望签名；生成后 `--check` 仍能检出未修复的问题。将 `.api`、`omni.gen.json`、生成文件和 `.goOmni/apiManifest.json` 一起提交，CI 同时运行 `generate --check` 与 `go test ./...`。详见 [契约变更提示与检查边界](PROJECT.md#契约变更提示)。

-CLI 与业务 module 固定使用 `v0.20.0-preview`。v0.14–v0.19 项目先按 [配置入口迁移](CONFIG.md#v019-及更早项目迁移) 整理旧 Load，再升级依赖与 CLI 并重新生成，框架维护的 main/runtimeGen 自动更新；v0.13 及更早项目按 [升级预览](DEVELOPMENT.md#v013-项目升级) 处理，不直接覆盖手写入口或业务文件。使用过旧 mapping 的项目必须先完成 [移除迁移](COPY.md#从旧-mapping-迁移)，旧配置或旧生成文件会阻止生成。升级后执行生成检查与业务回归。版本变化、迁移边界和验收记录见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。
+CLI 与业务 module 固定使用 `v0.22.0-preview`。v0.21 及更早项目先按 [配置迁移](CONFIG.md#v022-迁移旧模式已移除) 整理旧标签、文件与 Load，再升级依赖与 CLI 并重新生成，框架维护的 main/runtimeGen 自动更新；v0.13 及更早项目按 [升级预览](DEVELOPMENT.md#v013-项目升级) 处理，不直接覆盖手写入口或业务文件。使用过旧 mapping 的项目必须先完成 [移除迁移](COPY.md#从旧-mapping-迁移)，旧配置或旧生成文件会阻止生成。升级后执行生成检查与业务回归。版本变化、迁移边界和验收记录见 [发布说明](RELEASE.md)。

 ## 按需深入

--- a/RELEASE.md
+++ b/RELEASE.md
@@ -1,4 +1,50 @@
-# v0.20.0-preview
+# v0.22.0-preview
+
+配置文件明确决定每个值的来源，项目只维护 Config、Default()、Validate() 和文件。
+
+- `${NAME}` 必填，`${NAME:-fallback}` 在未设置/空字符串时使用备用值，`$$` 转义 `$`。支持字符串组合；环境值不二次展开，凭据空格和特殊字符原样保留。
+- 在 JSON/YAML/XML 已解析的字段值上展开，再按目标 Go 类型绑定；缺失字段保留默认值，0/false/空字符串可显式覆盖。字段错误定位文件、环境名和可用行列，不回显值。
+- 生成 Load/main 自动接入；新增 `-check-config`，选定一个文件检查，成功退出，不启动日志/依赖/监听。精简生成配置，重新生成保留业务 Config、Default、Validate 和文件。
+- **不兼容变更：旧自动环境覆盖、前缀/别名、env/envDefault、database.ConfigFromEnv/ApplyEnv 已移除。** LoadFile/NewReloader 不再接收 prefix，omni.LoadConfig 参数改为文件路径。发现旧标签提示迁移。
+- 配置文件中的响应模板用 `$${code}` 等转义；`.api` 中的 `${code}` 不变。日志 file/output/rotation 均由显式文件配置决定，不再隐式清除。
+
+```sh
+go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.22.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.22.0-preview
+# 按 CONFIG.md 迁移开发者配置后：
+go-omni api generate
+go-omni api generate --check
+go run . -config etc/config.yaml -check-config
+```
+
+[完整规则与迁移](CONFIG.md)、[可运行示例](examples/configuration/README.md)、[场景与性能验收](reports/explicitConfigurationAcceptance.md) 已同步。48 个测试包全量 race、实际生成消费者、Go 1.22、vet/build 和约 28 万次引用 fuzz 通过；小配置固定值/带引用加载约 25 µs，属于本机启动阶段基准。当前仍为 preview。
+
+---
+
+# v0.21.0-preview（历史版本）
+
+让带认证的 HTTP 调用和内部直连可以直接使用 httpc，减少手写 Transport 与 JSON 响应处理。
+
+- Proxy 支持环境、直连、固定代理；默认保留既有策略。
+- 建连、TCP keepalive、TLS 握手、响应头、100-continue、空闲超时和独立空闲连接数量可选配置；不修改全局 Transport，不关闭借用实例。
+- JSON 支持 WithHeader / WithHeaders / WithMaxResponseBytes；认证信息逐请求隔离，自动关闭和有界响应处理保留。
+- 成功路径减少请求复制和无用退避；output=nil 按限额流式丢弃；小错误体在大小和时间预算内尝试复用连接。
+- 不新增依赖、不增加业务规则；Do 保留标准流式扩展。CLI 最新版本与模板最低版本分开，本轮模板兼容门槛仍是 v0.20。
+
+```sh
+go get git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni@v0.21.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.21.0-preview
+```
+
+**兼容注意**：JSON 旧的直接调用仍有效，自定义 interface/函数值需要同步新增的 variadic 参数。自定义 Transport 与显式连接/代理/阶段参数混用现在报错，避免参数被忽略；迁移时在自己的 Transport 配置，或改用内置字段。没有删除原调用入口。
+
+[参数与使用说明](httpc/README.md)、[可运行示例](examples/httpClient/README.md)、[场景与性能验收](reports/httpcAcceptance.md) 已同步到 README。48 个测试包全量 race、Go 1.22 兼容、vet/build、约 110 万次请求头 fuzz 通过。性能来自本机同条件基准，不能代替项目实际流量验证；仍为 preview。
+
+空缓存远程安装、下载模块的 httpc race 与示例、8 组生成消费者验收通过，无本地 replace。标签固定在 `96e7d9629b5c8b78e9cfefbcb05da0ab702c242b`，见 [远程记录](reports/httpcRemote.json)。
+
+---
+
+# v0.20.0-preview（历史版本）

 统一配置加载，减少生成项目重复维护的启动代码。

@@ -18,7 +64,7 @@ go test ./...
 go build .
 ```

-完整用法、格式、脱敏边界和迁移见 [统一配置指南](CONFIG.md)，可运行例子见 [examples/configuration](examples/configuration/README.md)。回归、模糊测试与启动加载性能见 [验收记录](reports/configurationAcceptance.md)。仍为 preview；项目的实际配置和业务依赖应自行验收。
+完整用法、格式、脱敏边界和迁移见 [统一配置指南](CONFIG.md)，可运行例子见 [examples/configuration](examples/configuration/README.md)。回归、模糊测试与启动加载性能见 [验收记录](reports/configurationAcceptance.md)。47 个测试包的全量 race、Go 1.22 兼容、vet/build、30 秒 fuzz 与 5 个基准场景三轮测量通过。空缓存远程安装和 8 组生成消费者回归通过，无本地 replace；标签固定在 `c60841f901a3bcc3e9582eece6cfb2cad008fb9e`，见 [远程记录](reports/configurationRemote.json)。仍为 preview；项目的实际配置和业务依赖应自行验收。

 ---

@@ -116,7 +162,7 @@ go-omni api generate --check
 go test ./...
 ```

-旧项目 config/Logic/svc 继续由开发者维护，不会被重新生成覆盖。已有环境配置需按 [一次覆盖完整配置](DEVELOPMENT.md#一次覆盖完整配置与-http日志短名称) 合并 OverlayEnv 与 ApplyEnv；共享错误目录接入见 [workspace 配置](DEVELOPMENT.md#同一份-go-错误目录供多个服务生成)。已有手写权限 Handler 切换自动生成前，先迁出实现并显式移除 Manual 文件，生成器不会静默删除。
+旧项目 config/Logic/svc 继续由开发者维护，不会被重新生成覆盖。已有环境配置需按 本版当时的统一覆盖方式合并 OverlayEnv 与 ApplyEnv（该模式已在 v0.22 移除，当前升级见 [配置迁移](CONFIG.md#v022-迁移旧模式已移除)）；共享错误目录接入见 [workspace 配置](DEVELOPMENT.md#同一份-go-错误目录供多个服务生成)。已有手写权限 Handler 切换自动生成前，先迁出实现并显式移除 Manual 文件，生成器不会静默删除。

 全量 race（含实际生成消费者）、vet、build、根入口/退出/再生成验证通过。eTax 只读契约验收：API 文档 20,751,149 → 847,171 字节，ID 文档 1,008,210 → 392,481 字节；70 个操作展开引用后与原文档完全一致。空缓存远程 CLI / 固定版本消费者验收也已通过，没有本地 replace；标签固定在 `64e3bd6cfced225476d58e95037249cd0a4fe695`。详见 [验收记录](reports/contractFollowupAcceptance.md)。这不代表已完成业务项目迁移。

--- a/cmd/go-omni/README.md
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/README.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ v0.14 新增 `api format [--check]`、`api upgrade [--dry-run|--preview <空目

 ```sh
 # 仓库读取权限与 PATH 配置见根目录 README
-go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.20.0-preview
+go install git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/cmd/go-omni@v0.22.0-preview
 go-omni new --module example.com/hello ./hello

 # 从自己的契约生成；service.api 及其相对 import 文件需要在本地存在
@@ -49,14 +49,14 @@ main、Gen.go、OpenAPI 和 manifest 由生成器维护；业务文件按字节

 ## 版本与迁移

-CLI 与框架依赖固定使用 v0.20.0-preview。远程安装的 CLI 默认把自身版本写入 go.mod，不添加本地 replace；`--framework-version` 可显式指定已发布的兼容版本。仅在开发框架源码时使用本地替换：
+CLI 与框架依赖固定使用 v0.22.0-preview。远程安装的 CLI 默认把自身版本写入 go.mod，不添加本地 replace；`--framework-version` 可显式指定已发布的兼容版本。仅在开发框架源码时使用本地替换：

 ```sh
 # 在 go-omni 源码仓库中执行
 go run ./cmd/go-omni new --module example.com/hello --framework-dir . ../hello
 ```

-当前模板与依赖以 v0.20.0-preview 为基线，继续使用 manifest v2；GORM 可选适配器从 v0.14.1-preview 提供。已有项目使用 [定点升级与预览](../../DEVELOPMENT.md#v013-项目升级)：原始模板可自动替换，含业务修改的基础文件按预览合并；通用清理由 Runtime 负责。独立工具命令不会被删除。受管理项目通过 `.api` 模块导入增加业务，不使用旧 `add` 命令的手动路由装配。
+当前模板与依赖以 v0.22.0-preview 为基线，继续使用 manifest v2；GORM 可选适配器从 v0.14.1-preview 提供。已有项目使用 [定点升级与预览](../../DEVELOPMENT.md#v013-项目升级)：原始模板可自动替换，含业务修改的基础文件按预览合并；通用清理由 Runtime 负责。独立工具命令不会被删除。受管理项目通过 `.api` 模块导入增加业务，不使用旧 `add` 命令的手动路由装配。

 ## 数据库迁移命令

@@ -70,6 +70,8 @@ go-omni migrate --dir migrations --apply

 SQL 命名示例 `0001_createUsers.up.sql`；预览只显示版本和 SHA-256，不连接数据库。失败保留 dirty 状态，不自动 down/force。细节见 [扩展模块](../../ADVANCED.md)。

-### v0.20 配置入口
+### v0.22 文件显式配置

-新生成 `internal/config/loadGen.go` 调用统一加载，纳入生成检查；项目 config.go 只维护字段、默认值和校验，loader.go 用于注册额外格式。JSON/YAML/XML 内置。旧手写 Load 会阻止生成，请先按 [迁移步骤](../../CONFIG.md#v019-及更早项目迁移) 整理，不会自动覆盖业务代码。
+新生成 `internal/config/loadGen.go` 调用统一加载，纳入生成检查；项目 config.go 只维护字段、默认值和校验，loader.go 用于注册额外格式。JSON/YAML/XML 内置。旧手写 Load 会阻止生成，请先按 [迁移步骤](../../CONFIG.md#v022-迁移旧模式已移除) 整理，不会自动覆盖业务代码。
+
+`go run . -config etc/config.test.yaml -check-config` 只做配置解析和校验，不初始化日志、数据库或监听。文件中的固定值不受环境自动覆盖；`${NAME}` 为必填引用，`${NAME:-fallback}` 提供备用值。
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/configLoader_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/configLoader_test.go
@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ func TestGeneratedConfigurationConsumer(t *testing.T) {
 	// The business only changes fields/defaults/validation, not the loading flow.
 	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "internal/config/config.go"), `package config
 import("git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config";"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx")
- type Config struct { Server config.Config `+"`json:\"server\"`"+`;Limit int `+"`json:\"limit\" envDefault:\"10\"`"+` }
- func Default()Config{ c:=config.Default();c.Log.File="./var/log/app.log";c.Log.Rotation=logx.RotationConfig{Enabled:true,MaxSizeMB:10};return Config{Server:c} }
+ type Config struct { Server config.Config `+"`json:\"server\"`"+`;Limit int `+"`json:\"limit\"`"+` }
+ func Default()Config{ c:=config.Default();c.Log.File="./var/log/app.log";c.Log.Rotation=logx.RotationConfig{Enabled:true,MaxSizeMB:10};return Config{Server:c,Limit:10} }
 func(c Config)Validate()error{if err:=c.Server.Validate();err!=nil{return config.AtField("server",err)};if c.Limit<0{return config.Invalid("limit","must not be negative")};return nil}
 `)
 	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, "internal/config/loader.go"), `package config
@@ -111,3 +111,26 @@ func TestConfigLoadMigrationGuard(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestRemovedEnvironmentTagsRejectBeforeGeneration(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "app")
+	o := Options{Dir: dir, Module: "example.com/migrate", FrameworkDir: frameworkRoot(t)}
+	if _, err := New(o); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	o.API = filepath.Join(dir, "api/service.api")
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "internal/config/config.go")
+	source := readFile(t, path)
+	writeFile(t, path, strings.Replace(source, "json:\"server\"", "json:\"server\" env:\"OLD_SERVER\"", 1))
+	before := snapshot(t, dir)
+	for _, mode := range []string{"dry", "generate", "check"} {
+		o.DryRun = mode == "dry"
+		o.Check = mode == "check"
+		if _, err := Generate(o); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "env/envDefault") {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		if !sameFiles(before, snapshot(t, dir)) {
+			t.Fatal("migration rejection wrote files")
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/generate.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/generate.go
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@ import (
 )

 const frameworkModule = "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
-const minimumVersion = "v0.20.0-preview"
+
+// Runtime-only releases need not raise the managed template compatibility floor.
+const minimumVersion = "v0.22.0-preview"
+const currentVersion = "v0.22.0-preview"
 const generatedHeader = "// Code generated by go-omni api. DO NOT EDIT.\n"

 type Options struct {
@@ -155,7 +158,7 @@ func generate(o Options, c *Compiled, starter bool) (Output, error) {
 					if !filepath.IsAbs(path) {
 						path = filepath.Join(directory, path)
 					}
-					if source, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(path, "config", "loader.go")); err == nil && strings.Contains(string(source), "func NewLoader(") {
+					if source, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(path, "config", "references.go")); err == nil && strings.Contains(string(source), "func WithLookupEnv(") {
 						localCurrent = true
 					}
 				}
@@ -265,7 +268,7 @@ func generate(o Options, c *Compiled, starter bool) (Output, error) {
 		return Output{}, errors.New("generation configuration changed during generation; retry")
 	}
 	out, err := apply(directory, o.Module, entry, generated, seeds, o.Check, o.DryRun, o.profile(), snapshotContract(c.Spec), o.lockHeld)
-	expectedVersion := minimumVersion
+	expectedVersion := currentVersion
 	if info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo(); ok && info.Main.Path == frameworkModule && info.Main.Sum != "" && semver.IsValid(info.Main.Version) {
 		expectedVersion = info.Main.Version
 	}
@@ -304,7 +307,7 @@ func moduleFile(o Options) ([]byte, error) {
 		if info, ok := debug.ReadBuildInfo(); ok && info.Main.Path == frameworkModule && info.Main.Sum != "" {
 			version = info.Main.Version
 		} else {
-			version = minimumVersion
+			version = currentVersion
 		}
 	}
 	if !semver.IsValid(version) || semver.Major(version) != "v0" && semver.Major(version) != "v1" {
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/profile_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/profile_test.go
@@ -63,18 +63,23 @@ func TestAPIInfrastructureConsumers(t *testing.T) {
 					t.Fatal(err)
 				}
 				test := `package config
-import("testing";"os")
+import("testing";"os";"strings")
 func TestConfiguration(t *testing.T){
- t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DSN","test:test@tcp(127.0.0.1:1)/test")
+ t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DATABASE","test");t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_USER","test");t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_PASSWORD","test")
 t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY","01234567890123456789012345678901")
 t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY","test");t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SECRET_KEY","test")
 t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_BUCKET","test");t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ENDPOINT","ENDPOINT")
 t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID","01234567890123456789012345678901")
 cfg,err:=Load("../../etc/config.yaml");if err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)}
 if cfg.Server.Log.File==""{t.Fatal("file logger absent")}
- t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT","stdout");cfg,err=Load("");if err!=nil||cfg.Server.Log.File!=""{t.Fatalf("override: %v",err)}
- t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_SERVER_LOG_FILE","./explicit.log");cfg,err=Load("");if err!=nil||cfg.Server.Log.File!="./explicit.log"{t.Fatalf("canonical log file: %v",err)}
- t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_SERVER_LOG_OUTPUT","stderr");cfg,err=Load("");if err!=nil||cfg.Server.Log.Output!="stderr"{t.Fatalf("canonical output: %v",err)}
+ t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT","stdout");t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_SERVER_LOG_FILE","./implicit.log")
+ cfg,err=Load("../../etc/config.yaml");if err!=nil||cfg.Server.Log.File!=Default().Server.Log.File{t.Fatalf("implicit environment override: %v",err)}
+ raw,err:=os.ReadFile("../../etc/config.yaml");if err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)}
+ // Add explicit fields while keeping storage and DB requirements.
+ raw=[]byte(strings.Replace(string(raw),"server:\n","server:\n  log:\n    output: '${OUTPUT:-stdout}'\n    file: ''\n    rotation:\n      enabled: false\n",1))
+ path:="explicit.yaml";if err=os.WriteFile(path,raw,0600);err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)};defer os.Remove(path)
+ cfg,err=Load(path);if err!=nil||cfg.Server.Log.Output!="stdout"||cfg.Server.Log.File!=""||cfg.Server.Log.Rotation.Enabled{t.Fatalf("explicit file override: %v",err)}
+
 _=os.Getenv("unused")
 }`
 				endpoint := ""
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/templates.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/templates.go
@@ -19,8 +19,10 @@ import (
 "MODULE/internal/svc"
 )
 func main(){
- path:=flag.String("config","etc/config.yaml","configuration file; empty uses defaults and environment")
+ path:=flag.String("config","etc/config.yaml","configuration file; empty uses only Default()")
+ check:=flag.Bool("check-config",false,"validate configuration and exit without starting dependencies")
 flag.Parse()
+ if *check {if _,err:=config.Load(*path);err!=nil{log.Fatal(err)};return}
 ctx,stop:=signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(),os.Interrupt,syscall.SIGTERM)
 defer stop()
 if err:=run(ctx,*path);err!=nil{log.Fatal(err)}
@@ -58,7 +60,7 @@ Unimplemented/nil factories fail startup and clean registered dependencies.
 Existing projects retain middleware: handlers until explicitly migrated.
 Ordinary Logic uses the generated Request/Response types directly. Where an
 independent business type is needed, use ordinary Go or the optional copyx package.
-Configuration loading is generator-managed in internal/config/loadGen.go. Extend fields/defaults/Validate in config.go; additional decoders belong in loader.go/NewLoader. JSON/YAML/XML use one pipeline. See the framework CONFIG.md.
+Configuration loading is generator-managed in internal/config/loadGen.go. Extend fields/defaults/Validate in config.go; additional decoders belong in loader.go/NewLoader. JSON/YAML/XML use explicit ${NAME} / ${NAME:-fallback} references; fixed values are never overridden by inferred environment names. Use -check-config to validate without opening dependencies. See the framework CONFIG.md.

 There are no mappings/mappingFiles settings or generated mapping files in v0.19.
 See COPY.md in the framework repository for copy policies and migration steps,
@@ -77,7 +79,7 @@ Configure server.endpoints to disable or move each built-in route. Health
 responseMode is app by default (project format), or raw for plain health data.
 Probe HTTP statuses remain 200/503 even when business errors use HTTP 200.
 OpenAPI remains an unwrapped document; disabled endpoints reserve no paths.
-Set GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT=native to select the native transport without changing services.
+The default file explicitly references GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT; set it to native or edit server.transport.
 The greeting starter works immediately; other new operation stubs return 501 until
 their business logic is implemented. Authentication hooks also fail closed with 501.

@@ -139,7 +141,7 @@ Full reference: https://git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/src/branch/main/DEVELOPMENT
 api/                         # editable contract and imported types
 main.go                      # GENERATED startup, lifecycle and route registration
 etc/config.yaml              # lowerCamelCase configuration
-internal/config/             # defaults -> file -> environment
+internal/config/             # defaults -> file references -> typed binding -> validation
 internal/svc/                # dependency initialization and cleanup
 internal/types/*Gen.go        # DTOs split by source API, one types package
 internal/svc/runtimeGen.go    # GENERATED lifecycle and infrastructure startup
@@ -240,13 +242,16 @@ func infrastructureREADME(o Options) string {

 Selected database: %s; storage: %s; logging: %s/%s.
 MySQL uses database/sql through deps.DB, including InTx and a readiness probe.
-Use structured database/mysql configuration and GO_OMNI_DB_PASSWORD. Other connection/pool/TLS settings live in etc/config.yaml and GO_OMNI_DB_*.
+Use structured database/mysql configuration. The generated etc/config.yaml explicitly
+references GO_OMNI_DB_PASSWORD and other required connection values; add fixed
+values or explicit references for pool/TLS fields. No implicit environment overlay.
 No tables are invented or migrated automatically from request/response DTOs.
 The none/memory selection opens no database; implement repositories per business.

 With storage enabled, services receive deps.Files, Uploads, Downloads and
 UploadLinks capability interfaces. Local signed GET/HEAD/PUT uses /storage/object;
-set GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY (32+ bytes) and GO_OMNI_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL.
+the generated file references GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY (32+ bytes) and
+GO_OMNI_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL. File values may instead be fixed explicitly.
 Cloud credentials use GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY/SECRET_KEY; set bucket and endpoint
 or R2 accountId as appropriate. Signed URLs grant temporary access: authenticate
 and authorize before issuing them. No public upload-link route is added.
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/configuration/consumer_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/configuration/consumer_test.go
@@ -6,28 +6,26 @@ import (
 	"example.com/configuration/internal/config"
 	omniConfig "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
 	"os"
+	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 )

 func TestGeneratedConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
-	for ext, source := range map[string]string{
-		"json": `{"limit":7}`, "yaml": "limit: 7\n", "xml": "<config><limit>7</limit></config>", "custom": `{"limit":7}`,
-	} {
+	for ext, source := range map[string]string{"json": `{"limit":"${LIMIT:-7}"}`, "yaml": "limit: '${LIMIT:-7}'\n", "xml": "<config><limit>${LIMIT:-7}</limit></config>", "custom": `{"limit":"${LIMIT:-7}"}`} {
 		t.Run(ext, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv("LIMIT", "")
+			t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LIMIT", "999")
 			path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "app."+ext)
 			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(source), 0600); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
 			cfg, err := config.Load(path)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
+			if err != nil || cfg.Limit != 7 {
+				t.Fatal(cfg.Limit, err)
 			}
-			if cfg.Limit != 7 {
-				t.Fatal(cfg.Limit)
-			}
-			t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LIMIT", "0")
+			t.Setenv("LIMIT", "0")
 			cfg, err = config.Load(path)
 			if err != nil || cfg.Limit != 0 {
 				t.Fatal(cfg.Limit, err)
@@ -36,24 +34,60 @@ func TestGeneratedConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT", "stderr")
 	cfg, err := config.Load("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if cfg.Limit != 10 || cfg.Server.Log.File != "" || cfg.Server.Log.Rotation.Enabled {
-		t.Fatal("defaults/log normalization", cfg, err)
+	if err != nil || cfg.Limit != 10 || cfg.Server.Log.File != "./var/log/app.log" || !cfg.Server.Log.Rotation.Enabled {
+		t.Fatal("implicit overlay", err)
 	}
 	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "bad.yaml")
-	os.WriteFile(path, []byte("limit: -1\n"), 0600)
-	// Validation must run before svc.Initialize; the project initializer panics
-	// below if reached, so this also detects accidentally starting dependencies.
+	os.WriteFile(path, []byte("limit: '${LIMIT}'\n"), 0600)
+	t.Setenv("LIMIT", "-1")
+	// svc.Init panics if reached. Both invalid startup and successful check must
+	// stop before opening the configured file logger or project dependencies.
 	err = run(context.Background(), path)
-	var diagnostic *omniConfig.Error
-	if !errors.As(err, &diagnostic) || diagnostic.Field != "limit" || diagnostic.File != path || diagnostic.Line != 1 {
+	var d *omniConfig.Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Field != "limit" || d.File != path || d.Line != 1 || d.Env != "LIMIT" {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LIMIT", "private-not-a-number")
+	t.Setenv("LIMIT", "private-invalid")
 	_, err = config.Load(path)
-	if !errors.As(err, &diagnostic) || diagnostic.Env != "GO_OMNI_LIMIT" || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "private-not-a-number") {
+	if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Env != "LIMIT" || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "private-invalid") {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 }
+func TestConfigurationCheckProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	exe := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "server")
+	cmd := exec.Command("go", "build", "-o", exe, ".")
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err, string(out))
+	}
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	path := filepath.Join(dir, "selected.yaml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("limit: '${LIMIT:-0}'\nserver:\n  address: 127.0.0.1:1\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// A broken neighboring default/local/test file must never be layered in.
+	for _, name := range []string{"config.yaml", "config.local.yaml", "config.test.yaml"} {
+		os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, name), []byte("broken: ["), 0600)
+	}
+	cmd = exec.Command(exe, "-config", path, "-check-config")
+	cmd.Dir = dir
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil || len(out) != 0 {
+		t.Fatal(err, string(out))
+	}
+	if _, err := os.Stat(filepath.Join(dir, "var")); !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		t.Fatal("check opened logger/dependencies")
+	}
+	os.WriteFile(path, []byte("limit: '${MISSING_REQUIRED}'"), 0600)
+	cmd = exec.Command(exe, "-config", path, "-check-config")
+	cmd.Dir = dir
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "MISSING_REQUIRED=")
+	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(string(out), "MISSING_REQUIRED") || strings.Contains(string(out), "panic") {
+		t.Fatal(err, string(out))
+	}
+	cmd = exec.Command(exe, "-config", path)
+	cmd.Dir = dir
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "MISSING_REQUIRED=")
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err == nil || strings.Contains(string(out), "panic") {
+		t.Fatal(err, string(out))
+	}
+}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/consumer_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/consumer_test.go
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ func TestGeneratedTransfers(t *testing.T) {
 func configFile(t *testing.T, address string, fail bool) string {
 	t.Helper()
 	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
-	data, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"server": map[string]any{"address": address}, "failInit": fail})
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"server": map[string]any{"address": address, "transport": "${GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT:-nethttp}"}, "failInit": fail})
 	if err := os.WriteFile(path, data, 0600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/phases_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/testdata/managed/phases_test.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func phasedConfig(t *testing.T, address, mode string, fail bool) string {
 	if mode == "stuck" {
 		drainTimeout = "50ms"
 	}
-	data, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"backgroundMode": mode, "failInit": fail, "server": map[string]any{"address": address, "lifecycle": map[string]string{"stopTimeout": "1s", "drainTimeout": drainTimeout, "cancelTimeout": "50ms"}}})
+	data, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]any{"backgroundMode": mode, "failInit": fail, "server": map[string]any{"address": address, "transport": "${GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT:-nethttp}", "lifecycle": map[string]string{"stopTimeout": "1s", "drainTimeout": drainTimeout, "cancelTimeout": "50ms"}}})
 	if err := os.WriteFile(path, data, 0600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/upgrade.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/upgrade.go
@@ -14,7 +14,9 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"reflect"
 	"sort"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 )

@@ -54,6 +56,22 @@ func checkConfigLoadExtension(root string) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("parse %s: %w", rel, err)
 		}
+		var removed bool
+		ast.Inspect(f, func(n ast.Node) bool {
+			field, ok := n.(*ast.Field)
+			if ok && field.Tag != nil {
+				if raw, e := strconv.Unquote(field.Tag.Value); e == nil {
+					tag := reflect.StructTag(raw)
+					_, a := tag.Lookup("env")
+					_, b := tag.Lookup("envDefault")
+					removed = removed || a || b
+				}
+			}
+			return true
+		})
+		if removed {
+			return fmt.Errorf("%s: env/envDefault tags were removed; migrate defaults and explicit file references before generating; see CONFIG.md", rel)
+		}
 		for _, decl := range f.Decls {
 			if fn, ok := decl.(*ast.FuncDecl); ok && fn.Recv == nil && fn.Name.Name == "Load" {
 				return fmt.Errorf("%s: migrate the project-owned Load function before generating internal/config/loadGen.go; retain Config/Default/Validate and move decoder options to NewLoader; see CONFIG.md", rel)
--- a/cmd/go-omni/apigen/upgrade_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/apigen/upgrade_test.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func oldInfrastructureProject(t *testing.T) string {
 	raw, _ := json.Marshal(m)
 	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, manifestPath), string(raw))
 	path := filepath.Join(dir, "go.mod")
-	writeFile(t, path, strings.ReplaceAll(readFile(t, path), minimumVersion, "v0.13.0-preview"))
+	writeFile(t, path, strings.ReplaceAll(readFile(t, path), currentVersion, "v0.13.0-preview"))
 	return dir
 }

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func TestUpgradeV014PreservesExtensions(t *testing.T) {
 	raw, _ := json.Marshal(m)
 	writeFile(t, filepath.Join(dir, manifestPath), string(raw))
 	mod := filepath.Join(dir, "go.mod")
-	writeFile(t, mod, strings.ReplaceAll(readFile(t, mod), minimumVersion, "v0.14.1-preview"))
+	writeFile(t, mod, strings.ReplaceAll(readFile(t, mod), currentVersion, "v0.14.1-preview"))
 	owned := map[string]string{}
 	for _, name := range []string{"internal/svc/serviceContext.go", "internal/config/config.go", "etc/config.yaml"} {
 		path := filepath.Join(dir, name)
--- a/cmd/go-omni/main_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/main_test.go
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 )

 func TestNewWithRemoteFrameworkVersion(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, flag := range [][]string{{"--framework-version", "v0.20.0-preview"}, {"--framework-version=v0.20.0-preview"}} {
+	for _, flag := range [][]string{{"--framework-version", "v0.22.0-preview"}, {"--framework-version=v0.22.0-preview"}} {
 		project := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "billing")
 		args := append([]string{"--module", "example.com/billing"}, flag...)
 		if err := runNew(append(args, project)); err != nil {
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func TestNewWithRemoteFrameworkVersion(t *testing.T) {
 		if err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if !strings.Contains(string(content), "go-omni v0.20.0-preview") || strings.Contains(string(content), "replace ") {
+		if !strings.Contains(string(content), "go-omni v0.22.0-preview") || strings.Contains(string(content), "replace ") {
 			t.Fatalf("CLI did not pin remote dependency: %s", content)
 		}
 	}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/moduleProfiles_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/moduleProfiles_test.go
@@ -66,9 +66,13 @@ func TestGenerateModuleProfiles(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Fatal("replacement does not resolve", err)
 			}
 			cfg, _ := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(project, "etc/config.yaml"))
-			if strings.Contains(string(cfg), "secretKey:") || strings.Contains(string(cfg), "filesToken:") {
-				t.Fatal("secret defaults emitted")
+			for _, line := range strings.Split(string(cfg), "\n") {
+				key, value, ok := strings.Cut(strings.TrimSpace(line), ":")
+				if ok && (key == "secretKey" || key == "filesToken" || key == "signingKey") && !strings.Contains(value, "${GO_OMNI_") {
+					t.Fatal("secret must be an explicit reference")
+				}
 			}
+
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -76,6 +80,7 @@ func TestModuleOptionsRejectBeforeWriting(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, options := range []Options{
 		{LogOutput: "invalid"}, {LogFormat: "xml"}, {Storage: "ftp"},
 		{Storage: "local", FrameworkVersion: "v0.6.0-preview"},
+		{FrameworkVersion: "v0.21.0-preview"},
 		{Module: "example.com/x\nrequire malicious v1.0.0"},
 	} {
 		options.Dir = filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "project")
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/scaffold.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/scaffold.go
@@ -34,9 +34,13 @@ type Options struct {
 }

 var files = map[string]string{
+	"internal/settings/config.go":      "templates/modules-settings.go.tmpl",
+	"internal/settings/config_test.go": "templates/modules-settings_test.go.tmpl",
+	"etc/config.yaml":                  "templates/modules-config.yaml.tmpl",
+
 	"go.mod":                             "templates/go.mod.tmpl",
 	"README.md":                          "templates/README.md.tmpl",
-	"cmd/server/main.go":                 "templates/cmd-server-main.go.tmpl",
+	"cmd/server/main.go":                 "templates/modules-main.go.tmpl",
 	"internal/model/user.go":             "templates/internal-model-user.go.tmpl",
 	"internal/model/errors.go":           "templates/internal-model-errors.go.tmpl",
 	"internal/repository/users.go":       "templates/internal-repository-users.go.tmpl",
@@ -109,7 +113,7 @@ func Generate(options Options) error {
 	if options.FrameworkDir != "" || options.FrameworkVersion == "" {
 		replace = frameworkReplace(directory, options.FrameworkDir)
 	}
-	if modules && replace == "" && semver.Compare(version, modulesFrameworkVersion) < 0 && version != installedFrameworkVersion() {
+	if replace == "" && semver.Compare(version, modulesFrameworkVersion) < 0 && version != installedFrameworkVersion() {
 		return fmt.Errorf("module templates require %s or newer; use --framework-dir for unpublished source", modulesFrameworkVersion)
 	}
 	data := templateData{
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/scaffold_test.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/scaffold_test.go
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestGenerateCreatesServiceLayout(t *testing.T) {
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("read generated server: %v", err)
 	}
-	for _, expected := range []string{"config.LoadFromEnv(\"\")", "logx.SetDefault(logger)", "omni.WithConfig(settings)", "servicecontext.New(ctx, logger)", "services.Health.ReadinessHandler()", "application.RunContext(ctx, settings.Address)"} {
+	for _, expected := range []string{"settings.Load(path)", "logx.SetDefault(logger)", "omni.WithConfig(cfg.Server)", "servicecontext.New(ctx, logger, cfg)", "services.Health.ReadinessHandler()", "application.RunContext(ctx, cfg.Server.Address)"} {
 		if !strings.Contains(string(mainContent), expected) {
 			t.Fatalf("generated server missing %q: %s", expected, mainContent)
 		}
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func TestFrameworkReplaceUsesCanonicalPaths(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestGenerateRemoteProjectPinsVersion(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, version := range []string{"v0.1.0", "v1.2.3-rc.1", "v0.0.0-20260920140624-8b19aa79eea0"} {
+	for _, version := range []string{"v0.22.0-preview", "v1.2.3-rc.1", "v0.22.1-0.20260926000000-8b19aa79eea0"} {
 		t.Run(version, func(t *testing.T) {
 			project := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "billing")
 			if err := Generate(Options{Dir: project, Module: "example.com/billing", FrameworkVersion: version}); err != nil {
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/README.md.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/README.md.tmpl
@@ -32,46 +32,44 @@ go mod tidy
 go run ./cmd/server
 ```

-运行时配置从 `GO_OMNI_*` 环境变量加载，例如：
+配置入口是 `internal/settings.Config`、`Default()`、`Validate()` 和 `etc/config.yaml`。
+只有文件里的 `${NAME}` / `${NAME:-fallback}` 会读取环境变量，固定值不受进程环境覆盖。生成的文件已声明地址、网络层，以及所选数据库/存储的必要引用；其他参数直接写进文件。

-```sh
-GO_OMNI_ENABLE_LOGGER=true GO_OMNI_LOG_LEVEL=debug go run ./cmd/server
+```yaml
+server:
+  address: "${GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}"
+  transport: "${GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT:-nethttp}"
+  log:
+    level: debug
+  shutdownTimeout: 10s
 ```

-`GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR` 可以修改监听地址。生成项目默认提供 `/health/live` 和
-`/health/ready`，日志、请求 ID 和优雅退出等基础能力由 GoOmni 统一初始化；业务依赖集中放在项目自己的 `internal/servicecontext`。
-
-服务使用 `signal.NotifyContext` 处理 `SIGINT` / `SIGTERM`。部署时构建并运行服务二进制，
-使信号直接到达服务进程：
+用 `-config` 选择一个 YAML/JSON/XML 文件；`-config ''` 只使用 Default()；`-check-config` 仅加载和校验，不创建依赖或监听：

 ```sh
+go run ./cmd/server -config etc/config.yaml -check-config
 go build -o server ./cmd/server
-./server
+./server -config etc/config.yaml
 ```

-`GO_OMNI_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT` 控制等待请求完成的时间，默认 `10s`。
+服务通过 `signal.NotifyContext` 处理 `SIGINT` / `SIGTERM`，先排空 HTTP 请求，再关闭依赖和日志。生成项目默认提供 `/health/live` 和 `/health/ready`，业务依赖集中在 `internal/servicecontext`。

-使用支持统一网络配置的框架版本时，设置 `GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT=native` 即可切换为自研 HTTP/1.1；
-默认 `nethttp`。`GO_OMNI_TLS_CERT_FILE` 和 `GO_OMNI_TLS_KEY_FILE` 配对启用 HTTPS。
-实验版 HTTP/2 使用 `GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT=http2`，必须同时配置 TLS 证书和私钥。
-业务 Handler / Service / Repository 不需要修改；三种适配器共用上述退出等待时间。
+通过文件中的引用设置 `GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT=native` 可切换自研 HTTP/1.1，默认 nethttp。HTTPS 在文件的 `server.tls.certFile` / `server.tls.keyFile` 成对配置；实验 HTTP/2 选择 `http2` 且必须配置 TLS。不会自动读取未在文件声明的 TLS 环境变量。
 {{if eq .Database "mysql"}}
-`/health/ready` 已注册数据库探针：连接失败返回 `503`，数据库恢复后重新返回 `200`。
-`/health/live` 始终只检查服务存活。`GO_OMNI_DB_PING_TIMEOUT` 限制初始化检查和数据库探针的等待时间。
-退出时先排空 HTTP 请求，再关闭数据库连接池，最后关闭日志。
+`/health/ready` 已注册数据库探针，连接失败返回 503，恢复后返回 200；`/health/live` 只检查进程存活。连接池参数直接写入 `database`，缺失字段保留 Default()：

-数据库连接池参数：
-
-```text
-GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_OPEN_CONNS=10
-GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_IDLE_CONNS=5
-GO_OMNI_DB_CONN_MAX_LIFETIME=30m
-GO_OMNI_DB_CONN_MAX_IDLE_TIME=5m
-GO_OMNI_DB_PING_TIMEOUT=5s
+```yaml
+database:
+  driver: mysql
+  dsn: "${GO_OMNI_DB_DSN}"
+  maxOpenConns: 10
+  maxIdleConns: 5
+  connMaxLifetime: 30m
+  connMaxIdleTime: 5m
+  pingTimeout: 5s
 ```

-`MAX_IDLE_CONNS=0` 禁用空闲连接，`MAX_OPEN_CONNS=0` 表示不限制连接数。
-项目会启用 MySQL `parseTime` 并按 UTC 读取 DATETIME 字段，JSON 字段保持 lowerCamelCase。
+`maxIdleConns: 0` 禁用空闲连接；此项目要求 maxOpenConns 为正数。项目启用 MySQL parseTime，并按 UTC 读取 DATETIME；JSON 字段保持 lowerCamelCase。

 事务内复用 Repository（在业务代码中导入 `database/sql` 和项目的 `internal/repository`）：

--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/api-config.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/api-config.go.tmpl
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ import (
 )
 type Config struct {
 Server config.Config `json:"server"`
- {{if eq .Database "mysql"}}Database mysqladapter.Config `json:"database" env:"GO_OMNI_DB"`{{end}}
- {{if ne .Storage "none"}}Storage StorageConfig `json:"storage" env:"GO_OMNI_STORAGE"`{{end}}
+ {{if eq .Database "mysql"}}Database mysqladapter.Config `json:"database"`{{end}}
+ {{if ne .Storage "none"}}Storage StorageConfig `json:"storage"`{{end}}
 }
 func Default() Config {
 server:=config.Default()
@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ type StorageConfig struct {
 ContentTypes []string `json:"contentTypes"`
 LinkTTL time.Duration `json:"linkTtl"`
 RequestTimeout time.Duration `json:"requestTimeout"`
- // Secrets are environment-only and cannot be populated by config files.
- FilesToken string `json:"-" env:"GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN,secret"`
- SigningKey string `json:"-" env:"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY,secret"`
- AccessKey string `json:"-" env:"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY,secret"`
- SecretKey string `json:"-" env:"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SECRET_KEY,secret"`
- SessionToken string `json:"-" env:"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SESSION_TOKEN,secret"`
+ // File values may explicitly reference environment variables. Never log this struct.
+ FilesToken string `json:"filesToken"`
+ SigningKey string `json:"signingKey"`
+ AccessKey string `json:"accessKey"`
+ SecretKey string `json:"secretKey"`
+ SessionToken string `json:"sessionToken"`
 }
 func (s StorageConfig) Policy()storage.UploadPolicy{return storage.UploadPolicy{MaxBytes:s.MaxBytes,ContentTypes:s.ContentTypes}}
 func (s StorageConfig) Validate()error {
@@ -67,14 +67,14 @@ func (s StorageConfig) Validate()error {
 if err:=s.Policy().Validate();err!=nil{return err}
 if s.LinkTTL<time.Second || s.LinkTTL>time.Hour{return errors.New("storage.linkTtl must be 1s..1h")}
 if s.RequestTimeout<=0 || s.RequestTimeout>5*time.Minute{return errors.New("storage.requestTimeout must be >0 and <=5m")}
- {{if not .API}}if len(s.FilesToken)<32 || strings.ContainsAny(s.FilesToken," \t\r\n") {return errors.New("set GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN to a token of at least 32 bytes without whitespace")}{{end}}
+ {{if not .API}}if len(s.FilesToken)<32 || strings.ContainsAny(s.FilesToken," \t\r\n") {return errors.New("storage.filesToken requires at least 32 bytes without whitespace")}{{end}}
 {{if eq .Storage "local"}}
 if s.Root=="" {return errors.New("storage.root is required")}
 u,err:=url.Parse(s.PublicURL)
 if err!=nil || u.Host=="" || u.Hostname()=="" || (u.Scheme!="http" && u.Scheme!="https") || u.User!=nil || u.RawQuery!="" || u.Fragment!="" || u.Path!="/storage/object" {return errors.New("storage.publicUrl must be an absolute HTTP(S) URL ending in /storage/object")}
- if len(s.SigningKey)<32 {return errors.New("set GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY to a stable secret of at least 32 bytes")}
+ if len(s.SigningKey)<32 {return errors.New("storage.signingKey requires a stable secret of at least 32 bytes")}
 {{else}}
- if s.Bucket=="" || s.Region=="" || s.AccessKey=="" || s.SecretKey=="" {return errors.New("storage bucket, region and GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY/SECRET_KEY are required")}
+ if s.Bucket=="" || s.Region=="" || s.AccessKey=="" || s.SecretKey=="" {return errors.New("storage bucket, region, accessKey and secretKey are required")}
 {{if eq .Storage "r2"}}
 if !regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-fA-F0-9]{32}$`).MatchString(s.AccountID) || s.Region!="auto" || !s.Secure {return errors.New("R2 requires a 32-hex accountId, region auto and secure=true")}
 if s.Endpoint!=""{return errors.New("this R2 profile derives endpoint from accountId; customize servicecontext for a jurisdiction-specific endpoint")}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/api-load.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/api-load.go.tmpl
@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 package config
-
 import omniConfig "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
-
-// Load is maintained by the generator. Extend Config/Default/Validate in
-// config.go, or NewLoader in loader.go; do not duplicate the loading pipeline.
-func Load(path string) (Config, error) {
- loader,err:=NewLoader()
- if err!=nil{return Config{},err}
- return omniConfig.LoadProject(path,Default(),omniConfig.EnvOptions{
-  Prefix:"GO_OMNI_",Empty:"ignore",Aliases:omniConfig.ServerEnvAliases("GO_OMNI_","server"),
- },loader)
+// Load resolves explicit file references, binds onto Default and validates.
+// Ordinary projects only edit Config, Default, Validate and the selected file.
+func Load(path string)(Config,error){
+ loader,err:=NewLoader();if err!=nil{return Config{},err}
+ return omniConfig.LoadProject(path,Default(),loader)
 }
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/cmd-server-main.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/cmd-server-main.go.tmpl
@@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"log"
-	"os"
-	"os/signal"
-	"strings"
-	"syscall"
-
-	omni "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
-	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
-	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
-	"{{.Module}}/internal/handler"
-	"{{.Module}}/internal/service"
-	"{{.Module}}/internal/servicecontext"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	if err := run(); err != nil {
-		log.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
-
-func run() error {
-	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
-	defer stop()
-
-	settings, err := config.LoadFromEnv("")
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if strings.TrimSpace(settings.Log.Service) == "" {
-		settings.Log.Service = "{{.Module}}"
-	}
-	logger, err := logx.New(settings.Log)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer logger.Close()
-	// Access logs and business logs share the same configured sink.
-	logx.SetDefault(logger)
-
-	services, err := servicecontext.New(ctx, logger)
-	if err != nil { return err }
-	defer services.Close()
-	userService := service.NewUsers(services)
-	userHandler := handler.NewUsers(userService)
-
-	application := omni.New(omni.WithConfig(settings))
-	application.OnShutdown(logger.Close)
-	application.OnShutdown(services.Close)
-	application.GET("/health/live", services.Health.LivenessHandler())
-	application.GET("/health/ready", services.Health.ReadinessHandler())
-	userHandler.RegisterRoutes(application)
-	return application.RunContext(ctx, settings.Address)
-}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/databaseIntegration_test.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/databaseIntegration_test.go.tmpl
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/database"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
 	"{{.Module}}/internal/model"
+ "{{.Module}}/internal/settings"
 	"{{.Module}}/internal/repository"
 	"{{.Module}}/internal/servicecontext"
 )
@@ -23,15 +24,12 @@ func databaseContext(t *testing.T) *servicecontext.Context {
 	t.Helper()
 	dsn := os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_TEST_MYSQL_DSN")
 	if dsn == "" { t.Skip("set GO_OMNI_TEST_MYSQL_DSN to a dedicated test database") }
-	for _, key := range []string{"MAX_OPEN_CONNS", "MAX_IDLE_CONNS", "CONN_MAX_LIFETIME", "CONN_MAX_IDLE_TIME", "PING_TIMEOUT"} {
-		t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_"+key, "")
-	}
 	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DSN", dsn)
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DRIVER", "mysql")
 	logger, err := logx.New(logx.Config{Writer: io.Discard})
 	if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) }
 	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = logger.Close() })
-	services, err := servicecontext.New(context.Background(), logger)
+	cfg,err:=settings.Load("../../etc/config.yaml");if err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)}
+ services, err := servicecontext.New(context.Background(), logger,cfg)
 	if err != nil { t.Fatal(err) }
 	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = services.Close() })
 	return services
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/internal-servicecontext-context.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/internal-servicecontext-context.go.tmpl
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package servicecontext

 import (
 	"context"
+ "{{.Module}}/internal/settings"
 {{if and .Modules (ne .Storage "none")}}"errors"
 "net/http"
 "sync"
@@ -38,16 +39,16 @@ type Context struct {

 // New initializes the project's dependencies before the HTTP listener opens.
 // The caller owns Logger; Close releases only resources created here.
-func New(ctx context.Context, logger *logx.Logger) (*Context, error) {
+func New(ctx context.Context, logger *logx.Logger, project settings.Config) (*Context, error) {
 	if ctx == nil { ctx = context.Background() }
 	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil { return nil, err }
 	checker, err := health.New()
 	if err != nil { return nil, err }
 	services := &Context{Logger: logger, Health: checker}
 	{{if eq .Database "mysql"}}
-	cfg, err := database.ConfigFromEnv("")
-	if err != nil { return nil, err }
-	if cfg.Driver != "mysql" { return nil, fmt.Errorf("this project requires GO_OMNI_DB_DRIVER=mysql") }
+	cfg:=project.Database
+ if err:=cfg.Validate();err!=nil{return nil,err}
+	if cfg.Driver != "mysql" { return nil, fmt.Errorf("this project requires database.driver=mysql") }
 	dsn, err := mysql.ParseDSN(cfg.DSN)
 	if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("parse mysql connection settings: %w", err) }
 	if dsn.DBName == "" { return nil, fmt.Errorf("mysql connection settings require a database name") }
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-README.md.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-README.md.tmpl
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@

 本项目选用日志输出 `{{.LogOutput}}`、格式 `{{.LogFormat}}`、对象存储 `{{.Storage}}`。数据库选择 `{{.Database}}` 独立于对象存储。

-配置入口为 `etc/config.yaml`，通过 `go run ./cmd/server -config /path/to/config.yaml` 指定其他 JSON/YAML 文件；`-config ''` 只用代码默认值和环境变量。优先级：默认值 → 文件 → 非空环境变量。未知字段、无效参数会在监听前拒绝。
+配置入口为 `etc/config.yaml`，通过 `go run ./cmd/server -config /path/to/config.yaml` 指定其他 JSON/YAML/XML 文件；`-config ''` 只用代码默认值。文件用 `${NAME}` 或 `${NAME:-fallback}` 显式引用变量，固定值不受隐式环境覆盖；`-check-config` 只检查、不初始化依赖。未知字段、无效参数会在监听前拒绝。

 ```sh
 go mod tidy
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ go run ./cmd/server

 {{if eq .Database "mysql"}}还需按 README 配置独立 MySQL 数据库并应用 schema.sql；应用不自动迁移。{{end}}

-默认仅监听 `127.0.0.1:8080`。`GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR` 覆盖地址；本地签名 URL 的外部地址通过 `GO_OMNI_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL` 单独配置，始终以 `/storage/object` 结尾，不使用请求 Host 自动拼接可信链接。
+默认仅监听 `127.0.0.1:8080`。文件中的 `${GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}` 设置地址；本地签名 URL 的外部地址通过 `GO_OMNI_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL` 单独配置，始终以 `/storage/object` 结尾，不使用请求 Host 自动拼接可信链接。

 ## 日志

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ curl -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -H 'X-Request-ID: example-request' \
  -d '{"name":"Example","email":"example@example.com"}' http://127.0.0.1:8080/users
 ```

-`GO_OMNI_LOG_LEVEL`、`GO_OMNI_LOG_FORMAT`、`GO_OMNI_LOG_FILE` 覆盖对应项；显式设置 `GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT=stdout` 且未设置 LOG_FILE 时，切换到控制台并关闭文件轮转。慢请求阈值为 500ms，可通过 `GO_OMNI_SLOW_REQUEST_THRESHOLD` 调整。字段脱敏不扫描 msg/error 中的自由文本；不要把凭据或签名 URL 拼到日志中。
+日志参数直接写在 `server.log`，例如 `level: debug`；也可显式写 `level: "${LOG_LEVEL:-info}"`。切换文件日志为控制台时，明确设置 `file: ""`、`output: stdout` 和 `rotation.enabled: false`，不会隐式重置其他字段。慢请求阈值使用 `server.slowRequestThreshold`，默认 500ms。字段脱敏不扫描 msg/error 自由文本；不要把凭据或签名 URL 拼到日志中。

 {{if ne .Storage "none"}}## 文件示例

@@ -66,18 +66,18 @@ curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN" -H 'Content-Type: applicati

 响应包括随机 `data.key` 和 `data.request`（method/url/headers/expiresAt）。按返回的 method 和 headers 用原始文件字节上传到 URL；不能额外包 FormData。浏览器自动填写 Content-Length，其余签名 Header 原样发送；云桶需配置允许业务域名的 CORS。云端直传只绑定声明类型，实际内容需上传后验证；本地和 API 中转上传会检查允许类型及前缀嗅探结果。未完成内容验证前不要把暂存文件当作可信文件公开。

-| 参数 | 默认值 / 环境变量 |
+| 文件字段 | 默认值 / 含义 |
 | --- | --- |
-| 大小 | 32 MiB / GO_OMNI_STORAGE_MAX_BYTES |
-| 类型 | text/plain、image/png、image/jpeg、application/pdf / GO_OMNI_STORAGE_CONTENT_TYPES（逗号分隔） |
-| 链接有效期 | 5m / GO_OMNI_STORAGE_LINK_TTL（1s..1h） |
-| 请求超时 | 30s / GO_OMNI_STORAGE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT（>0 且 <=5m） |
-| 本地目录 | var/files / GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ROOT |
-| 本地外部 URL | http://127.0.0.1:8080/storage/object / GO_OMNI_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL |
-| 云配置 | GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ENDPOINT、REGION、BUCKET、ACCOUNT_ID、SECURE |
-| 环境密钥 | GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN、GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY、GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY、SECRET_KEY、SESSION_TOKEN |
+| `storage.maxBytes` | 32 MiB |
+| `storage.contentTypes` | text/plain、image/png、image/jpeg、application/pdf；文件数组 |
+| `storage.linkTtl` | 5m，允许 1s..1h |
+| `storage.requestTimeout` | 30s，大于 0 且不超过 5m |
+| `storage.root` | var/files |
+| `storage.publicUrl` | http://127.0.0.1:8080/storage/object |
+| `storage.endpoint/region/bucket/accountId/secure` | 对应平台连接配置 |
+| `storage.filesToken/signingKey/accessKey/secretKey/sessionToken` | 文件显式引用环境变量提供凭据 |

-全部 JSON/YAML 字段使用 lowerCamelCase。密钥字段仅允许环境变量，配置文件中写入会报未知字段；不要把运行环境文件提交到仓库。S3 的 endpoint 为 host[:port]，OSS 的可选 endpoint 为 HTTPS origin；R2 从 accountId 派生官方 endpoint，region 为 auto。仅 S3/MinIO 的本地测试可设置 SECURE=false。
+全部 JSON/YAML/XML 字段使用 lowerCamelCase。文件可使用固定值或显式环境引用，不按字段名自动推导环境变量；凭据建议使用 `${NAME}`，不把含秘密的配置提交到仓库。S3 endpoint 为 host[:port]，OSS 可选 endpoint 为 HTTPS origin；R2 从 accountId 派生官方 endpoint，region 为 auto。仅 S3/MinIO 本地测试可设置 `storage.secure: false`。

 错误响应：未授权 401、无 Content-Length 411、超限 413、类型不允许 415、长度不符/非法 key 400、对象不存在 404、存储超时 504，其余内部错误统一隐藏细节。底层签名入口遵循存储协议返回 201/403 等状态，流式传输且访问日志保留实际状态。

--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-config.yaml.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-config.yaml.tmpl
@@ -1,68 +1,29 @@
-# Non-secret settings only. Environment variables override these values.
+# Only fields listed here override Default(). Environment names are explicit.
 server:
-  address: '127.0.0.1:8080'
-  enableLogger: true
-  slowRequestThreshold: 500ms
-  shutdownTimeout: 10s
-{{if .API}}  lifecycle:
-    stopTimeout: 5s
-    drainTimeout: 10s
-    cancelTimeout: 5s
-  endpoints:
-    liveness:
-      enabled: true
-      path: /health/live
-      responseMode: app
-    readiness:
-      enabled: true
-      path: /health/ready
-      responseMode: app
-    openapi:
-      enabled: true
-      path: /openapi.json
-{{end}}
-  log:
-    service: {{printf "%q" .Module}}
-    level: info
-    format: {{.LogFormat}}
-{{if eq .LogOutput "file"}}    file: './var/log/server.log'
-    rotation:
-      enabled: true
-      maxSizeMb: 100
-      maxBackups: 10
-      maxAgeDays: 7
-      compress: true
-{{else}}    output: {{.LogOutput}}
-{{end}}    redactKeys: []
+  address: "${GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}"
+  transport: "${GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT:-nethttp}"
 {{if ne .Storage "none"}}storage:
-  provider: {{.Storage}}
-  maxBytes: 33554432
-  contentTypes: ['text/plain', 'image/png', 'image/jpeg', 'application/pdf']
-  linkTtl: 5m
-  requestTimeout: 30s
-{{if eq .Storage "local"}}  root: './var/files'
-  publicUrl: 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/storage/object'
-{{else}}  bucket: '' # set GO_OMNI_STORAGE_BUCKET
-  secure: true
-{{if eq .Storage "r2"}}  accountId: '' # set GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID
-  region: auto
-{{else if eq .Storage "s3"}}  endpoint: '' # set GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ENDPOINT (host[:port])
-  region: us-east-1
-{{else}}  region: cn-hangzhou
-  endpoint: '' # empty uses the official regional endpoint
+{{if not .API}}  filesToken: "${GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN}"
+{{end}}{{if eq .Storage "local"}}  root: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ROOT:-var/files}"
+  publicUrl: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL:-http://127.0.0.1:8080/storage/object}"
+  signingKey: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY}"
+{{else}}  bucket: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_BUCKET}"
+  accessKey: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY}"
+  secretKey: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SECRET_KEY}"
+  sessionToken: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SESSION_TOKEN:-}"
+{{if eq .Storage "r2"}}  accountId: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID}"
+{{else if eq .Storage "s3"}}  endpoint: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ENDPOINT}"
+  region: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_REGION:-us-east-1}"
+{{else}}  region: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_REGION:-cn-hangzhou}"
 {{end}}{{end}}{{end}}
-
 {{if and .API (eq .Database "mysql")}}database:
-  host: 127.0.0.1
-  port: 3306
-  database: '' # GO_OMNI_DB_DATABASE
-  user: '' # GO_OMNI_DB_USER; password via GO_OMNI_DB_PASSWORD
-  tls:
-    mode: required
-  pool:
-    maxOpenConns: 10
-    maxIdleConns: 5
-    connMaxLifetime: 30m
-    connMaxIdleTime: 5m
-    pingTimeout: 5s
+  host: "${GO_OMNI_DB_HOST:-127.0.0.1}"
+  port: "${GO_OMNI_DB_PORT:-3306}"
+  database: "${GO_OMNI_DB_DATABASE}"
+  user: "${GO_OMNI_DB_USER}"
+  password: "${GO_OMNI_DB_PASSWORD}"
+{{end}}
+{{if and (not .API) (eq .Database "mysql")}}database:
+  driver: mysql
+  dsn: "${GO_OMNI_DB_DSN}"
 {{end}}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-main.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-main.go.tmpl
@@ -18,8 +18,10 @@ import (
 )

 func main(){
- path:=flag.String("config","etc/config.yaml","JSON/YAML settings; empty uses defaults and environment")
+ path:=flag.String("config","etc/config.yaml","configuration file; empty uses only Default()")
+ check:=flag.Bool("check-config",false,"validate without starting dependencies")
 flag.Parse()
+ if *check {if _,err:=settings.Load(*path);err!=nil{log.Fatal(err)};return}
 if err:=run(*path);err!=nil{log.Fatal(err)}
 }
 func run(path string)(runErr error){
@@ -31,7 +33,7 @@ func run(path string)(runErr error){
 if err!=nil{return err}
 defer func(){runErr=errors.Join(runErr,logger.Close())}()
 logx.SetDefault(logger)
- services,err:=servicecontext.New(ctx,logger)
+ services,err:=servicecontext.New(ctx,logger,cfg)
 if err!=nil{return err}
 defer func(){runErr=errors.Join(runErr,services.Close())}()
 {{if ne .Storage "none"}}if err=services.InitStorage(ctx,cfg.Storage);err!=nil{return err}{{end}}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-settings.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-settings.go.tmpl
@@ -3,21 +3,19 @@ package settings

 import (
 "errors"
- "os"
 "strings"
 "time"
- {{if ne .Storage "none"}}"fmt"
+ {{if ne .Storage "none"}}
 {{if ne .Storage "r2"}}"net/url"{{else}}"regexp"{{end}}
- "strconv"
 "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/storage"{{end}}
- {{if and .API (eq .Database "mysql")}}"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/database"{{end}}
+ {{if eq .Database "mysql"}}"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/database"{{end}}
 "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
- "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
+ {{if eq .LogOutput "file"}}"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"{{end}}
 )

 type Config struct {
 Server config.Config `json:"server"`
- {{if and .API (eq .Database "mysql")}}Database database.Config `json:"database"`{{end}}
+ {{if eq .Database "mysql"}}Database database.Config `json:"database"`{{end}}
 {{if ne .Storage "none"}}Storage StorageConfig `json:"storage"`{{end}}
 }

@@ -31,7 +29,8 @@ func Default() Config {
 {{if eq .LogOutput "file"}}server.Log.File="./var/log/server.log"
 server.Log.Rotation=logx.RotationConfig{Enabled:true,MaxSizeMB:100,MaxBackups:10,MaxAgeDays:7,Compress:true}
 {{else}}server.Log.Output={{printf "%q" .LogOutput}}{{end}}
- return Config{Server:server{{if and .API (eq .Database "mysql")}},Database:database.DefaultConfig(){{end}}{{if ne .Storage "none"}},Storage:StorageConfig{
+ {{if eq .Database "mysql"}}db:=database.DefaultConfig();db.Driver="mysql"{{end}}
+ return Config{Server:server{{if eq .Database "mysql"}},Database:db{{end}}{{if ne .Storage "none"}},Storage:StorageConfig{
  Provider:{{printf "%q" .Storage}}, Root:"./var/files", PublicURL:"http://127.0.0.1:8080/storage/object",
  Secure:true, MaxBytes:32<<20, ContentTypes:[]string{"text/plain","image/png","image/jpeg","application/pdf"},
  LinkTTL:5*time.Minute, RequestTimeout:30*time.Second,
@@ -41,27 +40,10 @@ func Default() Config {
 }{{end}}}
 }

-// Load uses defaults -> strict YAML/JSON -> nonempty environment variables.
-// Pass an empty path to use only defaults and environment.
-func Load(path string)(Config,error) {
- cfg:=Default()
- var err error
- if path!="" { cfg,err=config.DecodeFile(path,cfg);if err!=nil{return Config{},err} }
- cfg.Server,err=config.ApplyEnv(cfg.Server,"")
- if err!=nil{return Config{},err}
- // A stream explicitly selected by environment overrides a file profile.
- if output:=strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT"));output!="" && strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_FILE"))=="" {
-  cfg.Server.Log.File="";cfg.Server.Log.Rotation=logx.RotationConfig{}
- }
- {{if ne .Storage "none"}}
- if err=cfg.Storage.applyEnv();err!=nil{return Config{},err}
- {{end}}
- {{if and .API (eq .Database "mysql")}}cfg.Database,err=database.ApplyEnv(cfg.Database,"");if err!=nil{return Config{},err}{{end}}
- if err=cfg.Validate();err!=nil{return Config{},err}
- return cfg,nil
-}
+// Load uses Default(), the selected file's explicit references, and Validate.
+func Load(path string)(Config,error){return config.LoadProject(path,Default())}
 func (c Config) Validate()error {
- {{if and .API (eq .Database "mysql")}}
+ {{if eq .Database "mysql"}}
 if err:=c.Database.Validate();err!=nil{return err}
 if c.Database.Driver!="mysql" || c.Database.MaxOpenConns<1 {return errors.New("database requires driver mysql and a positive maxOpenConns")}
 {{end}}
@@ -85,45 +67,27 @@ type StorageConfig struct {
 ContentTypes []string `json:"contentTypes"`
 LinkTTL time.Duration `json:"linkTtl"`
 RequestTimeout time.Duration `json:"requestTimeout"`
- // Secrets are environment-only and cannot be populated by config files.
- FilesToken string `json:"-"`
- SigningKey string `json:"-"`
- AccessKey string `json:"-"`
- SecretKey string `json:"-"`
- SessionToken string `json:"-"`
+ // Use explicit environment references in the configuration file for secrets.
+ FilesToken string `json:"filesToken"`
+ SigningKey string `json:"signingKey"`
+ AccessKey string `json:"accessKey"`
+ SecretKey string `json:"secretKey"`
+ SessionToken string `json:"sessionToken"`
 }
 func (s StorageConfig) Policy()storage.UploadPolicy{return storage.UploadPolicy{MaxBytes:s.MaxBytes,ContentTypes:s.ContentTypes}}
-func (s *StorageConfig) applyEnv()error {
- values:=map[string]*string{
-  "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ROOT":&s.Root,"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL":&s.PublicURL,
-  "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ENDPOINT":&s.Endpoint,"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_REGION":&s.Region,
-  "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_BUCKET":&s.Bucket,"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID":&s.AccountID,
-  "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY":&s.SigningKey,"GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN":&s.FilesToken,
-  "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY":&s.AccessKey,"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SECRET_KEY":&s.SecretKey,
-  "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SESSION_TOKEN":&s.SessionToken,
- }
- for name,target:=range values {if value:=strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(name));value!=""{*target=value}}
- for name,target:=range map[string]*time.Duration{"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_LINK_TTL":&s.LinkTTL,"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT":&s.RequestTimeout} {
-  if value:=strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(name));value!="" {v,err:=time.ParseDuration(value);if err!=nil{return fmt.Errorf("%s must be a duration",name)};*target=v}
- }
- if value:=os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_MAX_BYTES");value!=""{v,err:=strconv.ParseInt(value,10,64);if err!=nil{return errors.New("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_MAX_BYTES must be an integer")};s.MaxBytes=v}
- if value:=os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SECURE");value!=""{v,err:=strconv.ParseBool(value);if err!=nil{return errors.New("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SECURE must be a boolean")};s.Secure=v}
- if value:=strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_CONTENT_TYPES"));value!="" {s.ContentTypes=strings.Split(value,",");for i:=range s.ContentTypes{s.ContentTypes[i]=strings.TrimSpace(s.ContentTypes[i])}}
- return nil
-}
 func (s StorageConfig) Validate()error {
 if s.Provider!={{printf "%q" .Storage}} {return errors.New("storage.provider must match the adapter selected at generation")}
 if err:=s.Policy().Validate();err!=nil{return err}
 if s.LinkTTL<time.Second || s.LinkTTL>time.Hour{return errors.New("storage.linkTtl must be 1s..1h")}
 if s.RequestTimeout<=0 || s.RequestTimeout>5*time.Minute{return errors.New("storage.requestTimeout must be >0 and <=5m")}
- {{if not .API}}if len(s.FilesToken)<32 || strings.ContainsAny(s.FilesToken," \t\r\n") {return errors.New("set GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN to a token of at least 32 bytes without whitespace")}{{end}}
+ {{if not .API}}if len(s.FilesToken)<32 || strings.ContainsAny(s.FilesToken," \t\r\n") {return errors.New("storage.filesToken requires at least 32 bytes without whitespace")}{{end}}
 {{if eq .Storage "local"}}
 if s.Root=="" {return errors.New("storage.root is required")}
 u,err:=url.Parse(s.PublicURL)
 if err!=nil || u.Host=="" || u.Hostname()=="" || (u.Scheme!="http" && u.Scheme!="https") || u.User!=nil || u.RawQuery!="" || u.Fragment!="" || u.Path!="/storage/object" {return errors.New("storage.publicUrl must be an absolute HTTP(S) URL ending in /storage/object")}
- if len(s.SigningKey)<32 {return errors.New("set GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY to a stable secret of at least 32 bytes")}
+ if len(s.SigningKey)<32 {return errors.New("storage.signingKey requires a stable secret of at least 32 bytes")}
 {{else}}
- if s.Bucket=="" || s.Region=="" || s.AccessKey=="" || s.SecretKey=="" {return errors.New("storage bucket, region and GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY/SECRET_KEY are required")}
+ if s.Bucket=="" || s.Region=="" || s.AccessKey=="" || s.SecretKey=="" {return errors.New("storage bucket, region, accessKey and secretKey are required")}
 {{if eq .Storage "r2"}}
 if !regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-fA-F0-9]{32}$`).MatchString(s.AccountID) || s.Region!="auto" || !s.Secure {return errors.New("R2 requires a 32-hex accountId, region auto and secure=true")}
 if s.Endpoint!=""{return errors.New("this R2 profile derives endpoint from accountId; customize servicecontext for a jurisdiction-specific endpoint")}
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-settings_test.go.tmpl
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/templates/modules-settings_test.go.tmpl
@@ -21,18 +21,18 @@ func environment(t *testing.T){
 }
 func TestSettingsPrecedenceAndStrictness(t *testing.T){
 environment(t)
+ {{if eq .Database "mysql"}}t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DSN","test:secret@tcp(localhost)/demo"){{end}}
+ source,err:=os.ReadFile("../../etc/config.yaml");if err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)}
 path:=filepath.Join(t.TempDir(),"config.yaml")
- if err:=os.WriteFile(path,[]byte("server:\n  address: '127.0.0.1:8123'\n  log:\n    level: debug\n"),0600);err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)}
+ source=[]byte(strings.Replace(string(source),"${GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}","127.0.0.1:8123",1))
+ if err=os.WriteFile(path,source,0600);err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)}
 t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR","127.0.0.1:9123")
 t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT","stdout")
 cfg,err:=Load(path);if err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)}
- if cfg.Server.Address!="127.0.0.1:9123" || cfg.Server.Log.Level!="debug" || cfg.Server.Log.Output!="stdout" || cfg.Server.Log.File!="" || cfg.Server.Log.Rotation.Enabled {t.Fatal("configuration precedence failed")}
- for _,body:=range []string{"unexpected: true","server:\n  slowRequestThreshold: -1s","server:\n  log:\n    format: invalid"{{if ne .Storage "none"}},"storage:\n  filesToken: forbidden","storage:\n  maxBytes: -1","storage:\n  provider: unsupported"{{end}}}{
-  if err:=os.WriteFile(path,[]byte(body),0600);err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)}
-  if _,err:=Load(path);err==nil{t.Fatal("invalid configuration accepted")}
+ initial:=Default()
+ if cfg.Server.Address!="127.0.0.1:8123"||cfg.Server.Log.Output!=initial.Server.Log.Output||cfg.Server.Log.File!=initial.Server.Log.File {t.Fatal("implicit overwrite")}
+ for _,body:=range []string{"unexpected: true","server:\n  slowRequestThreshold: -1s","server:\n  log:\n    format: invalid"}{
+  if err=os.WriteFile(path,[]byte(body),0600);err!=nil{t.Fatal(err)}
+  if _,err=Load(path);err==nil{t.Fatal("invalid configuration accepted")}
 }
- {{if ne .Storage "none"}}
- t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN","")
- if _,err:=Load("");err==nil{t.Fatal("missing file token accepted")}
- {{end}}
 }
--- a/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/version.go
+++ b/cmd/go-omni/scaffold/version.go
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ const frameworkModule = "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni"
 // Source builds can carry an unpublished VCS version (including +dirty).
 // Keep this fallback in sync with the next release; installed CLIs use their
 // downloaded module version, which also has a module checksum.
-const defaultFrameworkVersion = "v0.20.0-preview"
+const defaultFrameworkVersion = "v0.22.0-preview"

 // This target is not a claim that the release already exists. Source users
 // select a local framework checkout until the module templates are published.
-const modulesFrameworkVersion = "v0.7.0-preview"
+const modulesFrameworkVersion = "v0.22.0-preview"

 func installedFrameworkVersion() string {
 	info, _ := debug.ReadBuildInfo()
--- a/config/aliases_test.go
+++ b/config/aliases_test.go
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func TestUnifiedEnvAliases(t *testing.T) {
-	type project struct {
-		Server Config `json:"server"`
-		Label  string `json:"label"`
-	}
-	base := project{Server: Default(), Label: "base"}
-	for _, policy := range []string{"allow", "ignore", "reject"} {
-		t.Run(policy, func(t *testing.T) {
-			env := map[string]string{"TEST_HTTP_ADDR": "127.0.0.1:8099", "TEST_LOG_SERVICE": "", "TEST_SERVICE": "", "TEST_LABEL": ""}
-			opts := EnvOptions{Prefix: "TEST_", Empty: policy, Aliases: ServerEnvAliases("TEST_", "server"), Lookup: func(k string) (string, bool) { v, ok := env[k]; return v, ok }}
-			got, err := OverlayEnv(base, opts)
-			if policy == "reject" {
-				if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "empty") {
-					t.Fatal(err)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			if got.Server.Address != "127.0.0.1:8099" {
-				t.Fatal("alias ignored")
-			}
-			if policy == "allow" && got.Label != "" || policy == "ignore" && got.Label != "base" {
-				t.Fatal("empty policy differs")
-			}
-			env["TEST_SERVER_ADDRESS"] = "127.0.0.1:9001"
-			env["TEST_HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT"] = "3s"
-			env["TEST_ENABLE_LOGGER"] = "false"
-			env["TEST_TRUSTED_PROXIES"] = `["127.0.0.1"]`
-			got, err = OverlayEnv(base, opts)
-			if err != nil || got.Server.Address != "127.0.0.1:9001" || got.Server.HTTP.ReadTimeout != 3*time.Second || got.Server.EnableLogger || len(got.Server.TrustedProxies) != 1 {
-				t.Fatal(got, err)
-			}
-			env["TEST_SERVER_ADDRESS"] = ""
-			got, err = OverlayEnv(base, opts)
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			expected := ""
-			if policy == "ignore" {
-				expected = base.Server.Address
-			}
-			if got.Server.Address != expected {
-				t.Fatal("empty canonical unexpectedly fell through to alias")
-			}
-		})
-	}
-	if base.Server.Address != ":8080" || base.Label != "base" {
-		t.Fatal("defaults mutated")
-	}
-}
-func TestAliasTypeErrorsDoNotExposeValue(t *testing.T) {
-	opts := EnvOptions{Prefix: "X_", Empty: "reject", Aliases: ServerEnvAliases("X_", ""), Lookup: func(k string) (string, bool) { return "private-invalid", k == "X_HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT" }}
-	if _, err := OverlayEnv(Default(), opts); err == nil || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "private-invalid") {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-}
--- a/config/bind.go
+++ b/config/bind.go
@@ -59,6 +59,20 @@ func (b *documentBinder) bind(v any, dst reflect.Value, path string, depth int,
 	if err := b.step(path, depth); err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	if text, ok := v.(resolvedText); ok {
+		if dst.Kind() != reflect.Pointer && dst.Type() != durationType && dst.CanAddr() && !dst.Addr().Type().Implements(jsonUnmarshalerType) && !dst.Addr().Type().Implements(textType) {
+			switch dst.Kind() {
+			case reflect.Bool, reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+				if err := parseTextValue(dst, string(text)); err != nil {
+					return b.doc.diagnostic(path, "expected a valid "+dst.Type().String(), err)
+				}
+				return nil
+			}
+		}
+		if dst.Kind() != reflect.Pointer {
+			v = string(text)
+		}
+	}
 	if v == nil {
 		return b.decode(nil, dst, path)
 	} // Preserve encoding/json null semantics.
@@ -78,7 +92,7 @@ func (b *documentBinder) bind(v any, dst reflect.Value, path string, depth int,
 		default:
 			return b.decode(v, dst, path)
 		}
-		if err := parseEnvValue(dst, strings.TrimSpace(raw)); err != nil {
+		if err := parseTextValue(dst, strings.TrimSpace(raw)); err != nil {
 			return b.doc.diagnostic(path, "expected a duration such as 5s", err)
 		}
 		return nil
@@ -102,7 +116,7 @@ func (b *documentBinder) bind(v any, dst reflect.Value, path string, depth int,
 		}
 		switch dst.Kind() {
 		case reflect.Bool, reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64, reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
-			if err := parseEnvValue(dst, strings.TrimSpace(string(text))); err != nil {
+			if err := parseTextValue(dst, strings.TrimSpace(string(text))); err != nil {
 				return b.doc.diagnostic(path, "expected a valid "+dst.Type().String(), err)
 			}
 			return nil
@@ -143,7 +157,7 @@ func (b *documentBinder) bind(v any, dst reflect.Value, path string, depth int,
 				}
 			}
 			if !ok {
-				return b.doc.diagnostic(child, "unknown field", nil)
+				return b.doc.diagnostic(child, unknownFieldReason(name, fields), nil)
 			}
 			if used[canonical] {
 				return b.doc.diagnostic(child, "duplicate field binding", nil)
@@ -237,6 +251,8 @@ func (b *documentBinder) dynamic(v any, path string, depth int) (any, error) {
 	switch x := v.(type) {
 	case Text:
 		return string(x), nil
+	case resolvedText:
+		return string(x), nil
 	case map[string]any:
 		out := make(map[string]any, len(x))
 		for _, k := range sortedKeys(x) {
--- a/config/config_test.go
+++ b/config/config_test.go
@@ -1,132 +1,6 @@
 package config

-import (
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func TestLoadFromEnvUsesDefaults(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, key := range []string{
-		"GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR", "GO_OMNI_REQUEST_ID_HEADER", "GO_OMNI_ENABLE_LOGGER",
-		"GO_OMNI_TRUSTED_PROXIES",
-		"GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT", "GO_OMNI_TLS_CERT_FILE", "GO_OMNI_TLS_KEY_FILE",
-		"GO_OMNI_LOG_LEVEL", "GO_OMNI_LOG_FORMAT", "GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT",
-		"GO_OMNI_LOG_FILE", "GO_OMNI_SERVICE", "GO_OMNI_ENVIRONMENT",
-		"GO_OMNI_LOG_ADD_SOURCE", "GO_OMNI_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT",
-		"GO_OMNI_SLOW_REQUEST_THRESHOLD",
-	} {
-		t.Setenv(key, "")
-	}
-
-	cfg, err := LoadFromEnv("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if cfg.Address != ":8080" || cfg.Transport != TransportNetHTTP || cfg.TLS != (TLSConfig{}) || cfg.RequestIDHeader != "X-Request-ID" || cfg.ShutdownTimeout != 10*time.Second {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected defaults: %+v", cfg)
-	}
-	if cfg.EnableLogger || cfg.Log.Level != "info" || cfg.Log.Format != "json" || cfg.Log.Output != "stderr" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected logger defaults: %+v", cfg.Log)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestTransportEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, test := range []struct {
-		name, transport, cert, key, errorField string
-	}{
-		{"default", "", "", "", ""},
-		{"native", "native", "", "", ""},
-		{"nativeTLS", "native", "server.crt", "server.key", ""},
-		{"http2", "http2", "server.crt", "server.key", ""},
-		{"unknown", "typo", "", "", "transport"},
-		{"certOnly", "nethttp", "server.crt", "", "tls"},
-		{"keyOnly", "native", "", "server.key", "tls"},
-		{"http2WithoutTLS", "http2", "", "", "tls"},
-	} {
-		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			t.Setenv("TRANSPORT_TEST_TRANSPORT", test.transport)
-			t.Setenv("TRANSPORT_TEST_TLS_CERT_FILE", test.cert)
-			t.Setenv("TRANSPORT_TEST_TLS_KEY_FILE", test.key)
-			cfg, err := LoadFromEnv("TRANSPORT_TEST_")
-			if test.errorField != "" {
-				if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), test.errorField) {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			want := test.transport
-			if want == "" {
-				want = TransportNetHTTP
-			}
-			if cfg.Transport != want || cfg.TLS.CertFile != test.cert || cfg.TLS.KeyFile != test.key {
-				t.Fatalf("settings: %+v", cfg)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestLoadFromEnvOverridesSettings(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR", "127.0.0.1:9090")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_REQUEST_ID_HEADER", "X-Correlation-ID")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_TRUSTED_PROXIES", "127.0.0.1, 10.0.0.0/8")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_ENABLE_LOGGER", "true")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_LEVEL", "debug")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_FORMAT", "text")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT", "stdout")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_SERVICE", "billing")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_ENVIRONMENT", "test")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_ADD_SOURCE", "true")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT", "3s")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_SLOW_REQUEST_THRESHOLD", "500ms")
-
-	cfg, err := LoadFromEnv("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if cfg.Address != "127.0.0.1:9090" || cfg.RequestIDHeader != "X-Correlation-ID" || !cfg.EnableLogger || len(cfg.TrustedProxies) != 2 || cfg.TrustedProxies[1] != "10.0.0.0/8" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected application settings: %+v", cfg)
-	}
-	if cfg.ShutdownTimeout != 3*time.Second || cfg.Log.Level != "debug" || cfg.Log.Format != "text" || cfg.Log.Output != "stdout" || cfg.Log.Service != "billing" || cfg.Log.Environment != "test" || !cfg.Log.AddSource {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected logger settings: %+v", cfg.Log)
-	}
-	if cfg.SlowRequestThreshold != 500*time.Millisecond {
-		t.Fatal(cfg.SlowRequestThreshold)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestLoadFromEnvRejectsInvalidValues(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_ENABLE_LOGGER", "sometimes")
-	if _, err := LoadFromEnv(""); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "ENABLE_LOGGER") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected invalid logger flag error, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_ENABLE_LOGGER", "")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT", "later")
-	if _, err := LoadFromEnv(""); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected invalid timeout error, got %v", err)
-	}
-
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT", "1s")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_TRUSTED_PROXIES", "proxy.example.com")
-	if _, err := LoadFromEnv(""); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "trustedProxies") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected invalid trusted proxy error, got %v", err)
-	}
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_TRUSTED_PROXIES", "")
-	cfg := Default()
-	cfg.Address = ""
-	if err := cfg.Validate(); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "address") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected invalid address error, got %v", err)
-	}
-	cfg = Default()
-	cfg.RequestIDHeader = " "
-	if err := cfg.Validate(); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "requestIdHeader") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected invalid request header error, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
+import "testing"

 func TestWithConfigAndWithLogConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	settings := Default()
@@ -147,23 +21,3 @@ func TestWithConfigAndWithLogConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("log config was not replaced: %+v", cfg.Log)
 	}
 }
-
-func TestApplyEnvPreservesProjectDefaults(t *testing.T) {
-	cfg := Default()
-	cfg.Address = "127.0.0.1:8123"
-	cfg.Log.RedactKeys = []string{"bankAccount"}
-	cfg.TrustedProxies = []string{"127.0.0.1"}
-	t.Setenv("OVERLAY_TEST_LOG_LEVEL", "debug")
-	got, err := ApplyEnv(cfg, "OVERLAY_TEST_")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if got.Address != cfg.Address || got.Log.Level != "debug" {
-		t.Fatal(got)
-	}
-	got.Log.RedactKeys[0] = "changed"
-	got.TrustedProxies[0] = "192.0.2.1"
-	if cfg.Log.RedactKeys[0] != "bankAccount" || cfg.TrustedProxies[0] != "127.0.0.1" {
-		t.Fatal("caller-owned defaults mutated")
-	}
-}
--- a/config/diagnostic.go
+++ b/config/diagnostic.go
@@ -82,8 +82,9 @@ type Position struct{ Line, Column int }
 // string, bool, json.Number, nil, []any, map[string]any. Text is available for
 // formats such as XML whose scalar tokens have no inherent JSON type.
 type Document struct {
-	Value     any
-	Positions map[string]Position
+	Value        any
+	Positions    map[string]Position
+	environments map[string][]string
 }

 type Text string
--- a/config/endpoints_test.go
+++ b/config/endpoints_test.go
@@ -18,14 +18,15 @@ func TestEndpointConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 	if cfg.Endpoints.Liveness.Enabled || cfg.Endpoints.OpenAPI.Enabled || !cfg.Endpoints.Readiness.Enabled || cfg.Endpoints.Readiness.ResponseMode != "raw" {
 		t.Fatal(cfg.Endpoints)
 	}
+	refs := configFile(t, "yaml", "endpoints:\n  readiness:\n    path: ${TEST_ENDPOINTS_READINESS_PATH}\n  openapi:\n    enabled: ${TEST_ENDPOINTS_OPENAPI_ENABLED}\n")
 	t.Setenv("TEST_ENDPOINTS_READINESS_PATH", "/internal/ready")
 	t.Setenv("TEST_ENDPOINTS_OPENAPI_ENABLED", "true")
-	cfg, err = ApplyEnv(cfg, "TEST_")
+	cfg, err = LoadProject(refs, cfg)
 	if err != nil || cfg.Endpoints.Readiness.Path != "/internal/ready" || !cfg.Endpoints.OpenAPI.Enabled {
 		t.Fatal(cfg.Endpoints, err)
 	}
 	t.Setenv("TEST_ENDPOINTS_OPENAPI_ENABLED", "invalid")
-	if _, err = ApplyEnv(cfg, "TEST_"); err == nil {
+	if _, err = LoadProject(refs, cfg); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("invalid bool accepted")
 	}
 }
--- a/config/env.go
+++ b/config/env.go
@@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"encoding/json"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-)
-
-const defaultEnvPrefix = "GO_OMNI_"
-
-// ServerEnvAliases returns the documented short names for Config fields.
-// field is the JSON path of Config in a project (usually "server"), or ""
-// for Config itself. Canonical names win over aliases. Both use the same
-// EnvOptions.Empty/Lookup and typed parser; collections use JSON syntax.
-func ServerEnvAliases(prefix, field string) map[string][]string {
-	root := prefix
-	if field != "" {
-		for _, part := range strings.Split(field, ".") {
-			root += envName(part) + "_"
-		}
-	}
-	names := map[string]string{
-		"ADDRESS": "HTTP_ADDR", "TRANSPORT": "TRANSPORT", "TLS_CERT_FILE": "TLS_CERT_FILE", "TLS_KEY_FILE": "TLS_KEY_FILE",
-		"REQUEST_ID_HEADER": "REQUEST_ID_HEADER", "ENABLE_LOGGER": "ENABLE_LOGGER", "SLOW_REQUEST_THRESHOLD": "SLOW_REQUEST_THRESHOLD",
-		"TRUSTED_PROXIES": "TRUSTED_PROXIES", "SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT": "SHUTDOWN_TIMEOUT",
-		"LOG_LEVEL": "LOG_LEVEL", "LOG_FORMAT": "LOG_FORMAT", "LOG_OUTPUT": "LOG_OUTPUT", "LOG_FILE": "LOG_FILE", "LOG_SERVICE": "SERVICE", "LOG_ENVIRONMENT": "ENVIRONMENT", "LOG_ADD_SOURCE": "LOG_ADD_SOURCE",
-		"HTTP_READ_HEADER_TIMEOUT": "HTTP_READ_HEADER_TIMEOUT", "HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT": "HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT", "HTTP_WRITE_TIMEOUT": "HTTP_WRITE_TIMEOUT", "HTTP_IDLE_TIMEOUT": "HTTP_IDLE_TIMEOUT", "HTTP_MAX_HEADER_BYTES": "HTTP_MAX_HEADER_BYTES",
-		"LIFECYCLE_STOP_TIMEOUT": "LIFECYCLE_STOP_TIMEOUT", "LIFECYCLE_DRAIN_TIMEOUT": "LIFECYCLE_DRAIN_TIMEOUT", "LIFECYCLE_CANCEL_TIMEOUT": "LIFECYCLE_CANCEL_TIMEOUT",
-	}
-	for _, endpoint := range []string{"LIVENESS", "READINESS", "OPENAPI"} {
-		for _, part := range []string{"ENABLED", "PATH", "RESPONSE_MODE"} {
-			if endpoint == "OPENAPI" && part == "RESPONSE_MODE" {
-				continue
-			}
-			name := "ENDPOINTS_" + endpoint + "_" + part
-			names[name] = name
-		}
-	}
-	aliases := map[string][]string{}
-	for key, alias := range names {
-		if root+key != prefix+alias {
-			aliases[root+key] = []string{prefix + alias}
-		}
-	}
-	return aliases
-}
-
-// LoadFromEnv loads defaults using the legacy short-name conventions.
-func LoadFromEnv(prefix string) (Config, error) { return ApplyEnv(Default(), prefix) }
-
-// ApplyEnv retains legacy whitespace trimming, ignored empty variables and
-// comma-separated TRUSTED_PROXIES. New projects should use OverlayEnv with
-// ServerEnvAliases for one explicit empty-value policy across the whole config.
-func ApplyEnv(defaults Config, prefix string) (Config, error) {
-	prefix = strings.TrimSpace(prefix)
-	if prefix == "" {
-		prefix = defaultEnvPrefix
-	}
-	lookup := func(key string) (string, bool) {
-		raw, ok := os.LookupEnv(key)
-		raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
-		if ok && raw != "" && key == prefix+"TRUSTED_PROXIES" && !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "[") {
-			values := strings.Split(raw, ",")
-			for i := range values {
-				values[i] = strings.TrimSpace(values[i])
-			}
-			data, _ := json.Marshal(values)
-			raw = string(data)
-		}
-		return raw, ok
-	}
-	defaults.Errors = defaults.Errors.Clone()
-	defaults.TrustedProxies = append([]string(nil), defaults.TrustedProxies...)
-	defaults.Log.RedactKeys = append([]string(nil), defaults.Log.RedactKeys...)
-	cfg, err := OverlayEnv(defaults, EnvOptions{Prefix: prefix, Empty: "ignore", Lookup: lookup, Aliases: ServerEnvAliases(prefix, "")})
-	if err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	if err = cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	return cfg, nil
-}
--- a/config/errorCatalog_test.go
+++ b/config/errorCatalog_test.go
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ func TestCatalogConfigFiles(t *testing.T) {
 			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(file.body), 0600); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			cfg, err := config.LoadFile(path, "CATALOG_FIXTURE_")
+			cfg, err := config.LoadFile(path)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ func TestCatalogConfigFiles(t *testing.T) {
 		if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(body), 0600); err != nil {
 			t.Fatal(err)
 		}
-		if _, err := config.LoadFile(path, "CATALOG_FIXTURE_"); err == nil {
+		if _, err := config.LoadFile(path); err == nil {
 			t.Fatal("accepted invalid catalog", body)
 		}
 	}
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func TestCatalogReloadSnapshotIsolation(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
 	defer logger.Close()
-	reloader, err := config.NewReloader(path, "CATALOG_RELOAD_", logger)
+	reloader, err := config.NewReloader(path, logger)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
--- a/config/errorParams_test.go
+++ b/config/errorParams_test.go
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ func TestTemplateConfigFiles(t *testing.T) {
 			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(file.body), 0600); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			cfg, err := config.LoadFile(path, "TEMPLATE_TEST_")
+			cfg, err := config.LoadFile(path)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
--- a/config/file.go
+++ b/config/file.go
@@ -4,103 +4,38 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"reflect"
-	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"

 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
 )

-func durations(v any, t reflect.Type) (any, error) {
-	if t == nil {
-		return v, nil
-	}
-	for t.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
-		t = t.Elem()
-	}
-	if t == reflect.TypeOf(time.Duration(0)) {
-		if s, ok := v.(string); ok {
-			d, err := time.ParseDuration(s)
-			return int64(d), err
-		}
-		return v, nil
-	}
-	if t.Kind() == reflect.Struct {
-		if m, ok := v.(map[string]any); ok {
-			for n := 0; n < t.NumField(); n++ {
-				field := t.Field(n)
-				name := strings.Split(field.Tag.Get("json"), ",")[0]
-				if name == "-" {
-					continue
-				}
-				if name == "" {
-					name = field.Name
-				}
-				if item, exists := m[name]; exists {
-					converted, err := durations(item, field.Type)
-					if err != nil {
-						return nil, err
-					}
-					m[name] = converted
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if t.Kind() == reflect.Map && t.Key().Kind() == reflect.String {
-		if values, ok := v.(map[string]any); ok {
-			for key, value := range values {
-				converted, err := durations(value, t.Elem())
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				values[key] = converted
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if t.Kind() == reflect.Slice {
-		if items, ok := v.([]any); ok {
-			for n, item := range items {
-				converted, err := durations(item, t.Elem())
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				items[n] = converted
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return v, nil
-}
-func LoadFile(path, prefix string) (Config, error) {
-	cfg, err := DecodeFile(path, Default())
-	if err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	return ApplyEnv(cfg, prefix)
-}
+// LoadFile loads and validates framework configuration using explicit file references.
+func LoadFile(path string) (Config, error) { return LoadProject(path, Default()) }

 // Reloader only accepts log.level changes. Static changes and invalid files
 // leave the current snapshot and logger untouched. Watch does not own a goroutine.
 type Reloader struct {
-	mu           sync.Mutex
-	path, prefix string
-	current      Config
-	logger       *logx.Logger
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	path    string
+	current Config
+	logger  *logx.Logger
 }

-func NewReloader(path, prefix string, logger *logx.Logger) (*Reloader, error) {
-	cfg, err := LoadFile(path, prefix)
+func NewReloader(path string, logger *logx.Logger) (*Reloader, error) {
+	cfg, err := LoadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if err = logger.SetLevel(cfg.Log.Level); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &Reloader{path: path, prefix: prefix, current: cfg, logger: logger}, nil
+	return &Reloader{path: path, current: cfg, logger: logger}, nil
 }
 func (r *Reloader) Reload() error {
 	r.mu.Lock()
 	defer r.mu.Unlock()
-	next, err := LoadFile(r.path, r.prefix)
+	next, err := LoadFile(r.path)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/config/file_test.go
+++ b/config/file_test.go
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ func TestFileMergeAndSafeReload(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	write("address: ':8123'\nshutdownTimeout: 7s\nlog:\n  level: info\n")
 	t.Setenv("TEST_MODULE_HTTP_ADDR", ":9123")
-	cfg, err := LoadFile(path, "TEST_MODULE_")
-	if err != nil || cfg.Address != ":9123" || cfg.ShutdownTimeout != 7*time.Second {
+	cfg, err := LoadFile(path)
+	if err != nil || cfg.Address != ":8123" || cfg.ShutdownTimeout != 7*time.Second {
 		t.Fatal(cfg, err)
 	}
 	var output bytes.Buffer
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ func TestFileMergeAndSafeReload(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	defer l.Close()
 	child := l.With("scope", "test")
-	r, err := NewReloader(path, "TEST_MODULE_", l)
+	r, err := NewReloader(path, l)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
--- a/config/http_test.go
+++ b/config/http_test.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func TestHTTPFileAndEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(file.body), 0600); err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
-			cfg, err := config.LoadFile(path, "HTTP_TEST_")
+			cfg, err := config.LoadFile(path)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
@@ -35,7 +35,10 @@ func TestHTTPFileAndEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Setenv("HTTP_TEST_HTTP_WRITE_TIMEOUT", "8s")
 			t.Setenv("HTTP_TEST_HTTP_IDLE_TIMEOUT", "9s")
 			t.Setenv("HTTP_TEST_HTTP_MAX_HEADER_BYTES", "16384")
-			got, err := config.ApplyEnv(cfg, "HTTP_TEST_")
+			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"http":{"readHeaderTimeout":"${HTTP_TEST_HTTP_READ_HEADER_TIMEOUT}","readTimeout":"${HTTP_TEST_HTTP_READ_TIMEOUT}","writeTimeout":"${HTTP_TEST_HTTP_WRITE_TIMEOUT}","idleTimeout":"${HTTP_TEST_HTTP_IDLE_TIMEOUT}","maxHeaderBytes":"${HTTP_TEST_HTTP_MAX_HEADER_BYTES}"}}`), 0600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			got, err := config.LoadProject(path, cfg)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
@@ -55,7 +58,12 @@ func TestHTTPInvalidAndUnsupportedSettings(t *testing.T) {
 					value = "-1s"
 				}
 				t.Setenv("HTTP_INVALID_HTTP_"+key, value)
-				if _, err := config.LoadFromEnv("HTTP_INVALID_"); err == nil {
+				names := map[string]string{"READ_HEADER_TIMEOUT": "readHeaderTimeout", "READ_TIMEOUT": "readTimeout", "WRITE_TIMEOUT": "writeTimeout", "IDLE_TIMEOUT": "idleTimeout", "MAX_HEADER_BYTES": "maxHeaderBytes"}
+				path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.json")
+				if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"http":{"`+names[key]+`":"${HTTP_INVALID_HTTP_`+key+`}"}}`), 0600); err != nil {
+					t.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				if _, err := config.LoadFile(path); err == nil {
 					t.Fatal("invalid HTTP value accepted")
 				}
 			})
--- a/config/lifecycle_test.go
+++ b/config/lifecycle_test.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ func TestLifecycleConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("lifecycle:\n  stopTimeout: 2s\n  drainTimeout: 3s\n  cancelTimeout: 4s\n"), 0600); err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	cfg, err := config.LoadFile(path, "PHASE_TEST_")
+	cfg, err := config.LoadFile(path)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -24,13 +24,16 @@ func TestLifecycleConfiguration(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, key := range []string{"STOP_TIMEOUT", "DRAIN_TIMEOUT", "CANCEL_TIMEOUT"} {
 		t.Setenv("PHASE_TEST_LIFECYCLE_"+key, "6s")
 	}
-	cfg, err = config.ApplyEnv(cfg, "PHASE_TEST_")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("lifecycle:\n  stopTimeout: ${PHASE_TEST_LIFECYCLE_STOP_TIMEOUT}\n  drainTimeout: ${PHASE_TEST_LIFECYCLE_DRAIN_TIMEOUT}\n  cancelTimeout: ${PHASE_TEST_LIFECYCLE_CANCEL_TIMEOUT}\n"), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	cfg, err = config.LoadProject(path, cfg)
 	if err != nil || cfg.Lifecycle.StopTimeout != 6*time.Second || cfg.Lifecycle.DrainTimeout != 6*time.Second || cfg.Lifecycle.CancelTimeout != 6*time.Second {
 		t.Fatal(cfg.Lifecycle, err)
 	}
 	for _, v := range []string{"bad", "-1s"} {
 		t.Setenv("PHASE_TEST_LIFECYCLE_DRAIN_TIMEOUT", v)
-		if _, err := config.ApplyEnv(cfg, "PHASE_TEST_"); err == nil {
+		if _, err := config.LoadProject(path, cfg); err == nil {
 			t.Fatal("invalid duration accepted")
 		}
 	}
--- a/config/loader.go
+++ b/config/loader.go
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ func (f DecoderFunc) Decode(data []byte) (Document, error) { return f(data) }
 type Loader struct {
 	decoders map[string]Decoder
 	sealed   bool
+	lookup   func(string) (string, bool)
 }
 type LoaderOption func(*Loader) error

@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ func WithDecoder(extension string, decoder Decoder) LoaderOption {
 }

 func NewLoader(options ...LoaderOption) (*Loader, error) {
-	l := &Loader{decoders: map[string]Decoder{"json": JSONDecoder{}, "yaml": YAMLDecoder{}, "yml": YAMLDecoder{}, "xml": XMLDecoder{}}}
+	l := &Loader{lookup: os.LookupEnv, decoders: map[string]Decoder{"json": JSONDecoder{}, "yaml": YAMLDecoder{}, "yml": YAMLDecoder{}, "xml": XMLDecoder{}}}
 	for _, o := range options {
 		if o == nil {
 			return nil, errors.New("config: nil loader option")
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ func (l *Loader) read(path string) (doc Document, err error) {
 	if _, ok := doc.Value.(map[string]any); !ok {
 		return doc, doc.diagnostic("", "root must be an object", nil)
 	}
-	return doc, nil
+	return resolveDocument(doc, l.lookup)
 }
 func decodeSafely(decoder Decoder, data []byte) (doc Document, err error) {
 	defer func() {
@@ -165,11 +166,12 @@ func DecodeFile[T any](path string, defaults T, loaders ...*Loader) (T, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return zero, err
 	}
+	if err := rejectEnvironmentTags(reflect.TypeOf(defaults), map[reflect.Type]bool{}); err != nil {
+		return zero, err
+	}
 	result, err := bindDocument(doc, defaults)
 	if err != nil {
-		d := validationError(err)
-		d.File = path
-		return zero, d
+		return zero, locateError(err, path, doc)
 	}
 	return result, nil
 }
--- a/config/loader_test.go
+++ b/config/loader_test.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 type loaderExample struct {
 	Server Config `json:"server"`
 	Upload struct {
-		MaxBytes int64 `json:"maxBytes" envDefault:"1024"`
+		MaxBytes int64 `json:"maxBytes"`
 	} `json:"upload"`
 	Values   []int64 `json:"values"`
 	Optional *string `json:"optional"`
@@ -45,19 +45,19 @@ func configFile(t *testing.T, ext, raw string) string {

 func TestUnifiedFormatAndPrecedence(t *testing.T) {
 	formats := map[string]string{
-		"json": `{"server":{"http":{"readTimeout":"2s"}},"upload":{"maxBytes":7},"values":[9007199254740993],"optional":null,"enabled":true,"dynamic":{"id":9007199254740993}}`,
-		"yaml": "server:\n  http:\n    readTimeout: 2s\nupload:\n  maxBytes: 7\nvalues: [9007199254740993]\noptional: null\nenabled: true\ndynamic:\n  id: 9007199254740993\n",
-		"xml":  `<config><server><http><readTimeout>2s</readTimeout></http></server><upload><maxBytes>7</maxBytes></upload><values type="array"><item>9007199254740993</item></values><optional type="null"/><enabled>true</enabled><dynamic><id type="number">9007199254740993</id></dynamic></config>`,
+		"json": `{"server":{"http":{"readTimeout":"2s"}},"upload":{"maxBytes":"${APP_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES}"},"values":[9007199254740993],"optional":null,"enabled":"${APP_ENABLED}","dynamic":{"id":9007199254740993}}`,
+		"yaml": "server:\n  http:\n    readTimeout: 2s\nupload:\n  maxBytes: \"${APP_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES}\"\nvalues: [9007199254740993]\noptional: null\nenabled: \"${APP_ENABLED}\"\ndynamic:\n  id: 9007199254740993\n",
+		"xml":  `<config><server><http><readTimeout>2s</readTimeout></http></server><upload><maxBytes>${APP_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES}</maxBytes></upload><values type="array"><item>9007199254740993</item></values><optional type="null"/><enabled>${APP_ENABLED}</enabled><dynamic><id type="number">9007199254740993</id></dynamic></config>`,
 	}
 	var reference loaderExample
 	for _, ext := range []string{"json", "yaml", "xml"} {
 		t.Run(ext, func(t *testing.T) {
 			old := "old"
 			base := loaderExample{Server: Default(), Optional: &old}
-			cfg, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, ext, formats[ext]), base, EnvOptions{Prefix: "APP_", Lookup: func(key string) (string, bool) {
+			cfg, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, ext, formats[ext]), base, testLoader(func(key string) (string, bool) {
 				v, ok := map[string]string{"APP_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES": "0", "APP_ENABLED": "false"}[key]
 				return v, ok
-			}})
+			}))
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ func TestUnifiedFormatAndPrecedence(t *testing.T) {
 			}
 		})
 	}
-	cfg, err := LoadProject("", loaderExample{Server: Default()}, EnvOptions{Lookup: noEnvironment})
-	if err != nil || cfg.Upload.MaxBytes != 1024 {
+	cfg, err := LoadProject("", loaderExample{Server: Default()}, testLoader(noEnvironment))
+	if err != nil || cfg.Upload.MaxBytes != 0 {
 		t.Fatal(cfg, err)
 	}
 }
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ func TestConfigDiagnosticsAndCauses(t *testing.T) {
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.ext+tc.field, func(t *testing.T) {
 			path := configFile(t, tc.ext, tc.body)
-			_, err := LoadProject(path, loaderExample{Server: Default()}, EnvOptions{Lookup: noEnvironment})
+			_, err := LoadProject(path, loaderExample{Server: Default()}, testLoader(noEnvironment))
 			var d *Error
 			if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.File != path || d.Field != tc.field || d.Reason == "" || tc.line && d.Line < 1 {
 				t.Fatalf("missing location: %#v %v", d, err)
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ func TestConfigDiagnosticsAndCauses(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "missing.json")
-	_, err := LoadProject(path, loaderExample{}, EnvOptions{})
+	_, err := LoadProject(path, loaderExample{})
 	if !errors.Is(err, os.ErrNotExist) {
 		t.Fatal("I/O cause discarded", err)
 	}
@@ -119,11 +119,12 @@ func TestConfigDiagnosticsAndCauses(t *testing.T) {
 	if !errors.As(err, &typed) {
 		t.Fatal("type cause discarded", err)
 	}
-	_, err = LoadProject(configFile(t, "yaml", "upload:\n  maxBytes: 7"), loaderExample{Server: Default()}, EnvOptions{Prefix: "APP_", Lookup: func(k string) (string, bool) { return "-1", k == "APP_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES" }})
+	_, err = LoadProject(configFile(t, "yaml", "upload:\n  maxBytes: \"${APP_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES}\""), loaderExample{Server: Default()}, testLoader(func(k string) (string, bool) { return "-1", k == "APP_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES" }))
 	var d *Error
-	if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Env != "APP_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES" || d.Field != "upload.maxBytes" || d.File != "" || d.Line != 0 {
-		t.Fatal("environment validation wrongly blamed file", err)
+	if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Env != "APP_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES" || d.Field != "upload.maxBytes" || d.File == "" || d.Line != 2 {
+		t.Fatal("missing file and variable provenance", err)
 	}
+
 }

 func TestMalformedFormatsAndLimits(t *testing.T) {
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ func TestMalformedFormatsAndLimits(t *testing.T) {
 	} {
 		for i, raw := range bodies {
 			t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", ext, i), func(t *testing.T) {
-				_, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, ext, raw), loaderExample{Server: Default()}, EnvOptions{Lookup: noEnvironment})
+				_, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, ext, raw), loaderExample{Server: Default()}, testLoader(noEnvironment))
 				if err == nil || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "private-value") {
 					t.Fatal(err)
 				}
@@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ func TestDecoderRegistryAndConcurrentUse(t *testing.T) {
 		wg.Add(1)
 		go func() {
 			defer wg.Done()
-			cfg, e := LoadProject(path, loaderExample{Server: Default()}, EnvOptions{Lookup: noEnvironment}, l)
+			cfg, e := LoadProject(path, loaderExample{Server: Default()}, l)
 			if e != nil || cfg.Upload.MaxBytes != 42 {
 				t.Error(e)
 			}
@@ -191,25 +192,6 @@ func TestDecoderRegistryAndConcurrentUse(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestUnifiedLoggerNormalization(t *testing.T) {
-	type project struct {
-		Server Config `json:"server"`
-	}
-	base := project{Server: Default()}
-	base.Server.Log.File = "old.log"
-	base.Server.Log.Rotation.Enabled = true
-	for _, full := range []bool{false, true} {
-		name := "GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT"
-		if full {
-			name = "GO_OMNI_SERVER_LOG_OUTPUT"
-		}
-		cfg, err := LoadProject("", base, EnvOptions{Prefix: "GO_OMNI_", Empty: "ignore", Aliases: ServerEnvAliases("GO_OMNI_", "server"), Lookup: func(k string) (string, bool) { return "stdout", k == name }})
-		if err != nil || cfg.Server.Log.File != "" || cfg.Server.Log.Rotation.Enabled || base.Server.Log.File != "old.log" {
-			t.Fatal(cfg, err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func FuzzConfigurationDecoders(f *testing.F) {
 	f.Add(uint8(0), []byte(`{"count":1}`))
 	f.Add(uint8(1), []byte("count: 1"))
@@ -332,18 +314,21 @@ func TestConfigDefaultsIsolationAndEmptyValues(t *testing.T) {
 func TestDefaultStageDoesNotReadEnvironment(t *testing.T) {
 	reads := 0
 	type C struct {
-		Value int `json:"value" envDefault:"3"`
+		Value int `json:"value"`
 	}
-	got, err := LoadProject("", C{}, EnvOptions{Lookup: func(string) (string, bool) { reads++; return "", false }})
-	if err != nil || got.Value != 3 || reads != 1 {
+	got, err := LoadProject("", C{Value: 3}, testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { reads++; return "9", true }))
+	if err != nil || got.Value != 3 || reads != 0 {
 		t.Fatal(got, err, reads)
 	}
-	d := locateError(Invalid("servers[0].timeout", "must be positive"), "a.json", Document{}, map[string]string{"servers": "APP_SERVERS"})
-	if d.Env != "APP_SERVERS" || d.File != "" {
-		t.Fatal(d)
-	}
 }

+func testLoader(lookup func(string) (string, bool)) *Loader {
+	l, err := NewLoader(WithLookupEnv(lookup))
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return l
+}
 func TestDecoderRegistryFrozen(t *testing.T) {
 	l, err := NewLoader()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -358,17 +343,12 @@ func BenchmarkConfigurationStartup(b *testing.B) {
 	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(`{"server":{"http":{"readTimeout":"2s"}},"upload":{"maxBytes":4096}}`), 0600); err != nil {
 		b.Fatal(err)
 	}
-	options := EnvOptions{Prefix: "BENCH_", Lookup: func(name string) (string, bool) {
-		if name == "BENCH_UPLOAD_MAX_BYTES" {
-			return "8192", true
-		}
-		return "", false
-	}}
+
 	defaults := loaderExample{Server: Default()}
 	b.ReportAllocs()
 	b.ResetTimer()
 	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
-		if _, err := LoadProject(path, defaults, options); err != nil {
+		if _, err := LoadProject(path, defaults); err != nil {
 			b.Fatal(err)
 		}
 	}
--- a/config/project.go
+++ b/config/project.go
@@ -1,318 +1,105 @@
 package config

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"encoding"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	apierrors "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/errors"
-	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
 	"math"
-	"os"
 	"reflect"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
-	"unicode"
 )

-// EnvOptions controls typed project configuration overlays. Explicit env tags
-// are absolute names; otherwise JSON names become PREFIX_NESTED_FIELD names.
-// Empty is allow (default), ignore or reject. No input values appear in errors.
-type EnvOptions struct {
-	Prefix string
-	Empty  string
-	Lookup func(string) (string, bool)
-	// Aliases maps canonical absolute environment names to ordered fallback names.
-	// A present canonical value wins, including an explicit empty value.
-	Aliases map[string][]string
-}
-
-// ApplyDefaults applies envDefault tags to zero fields before file overlays.
-func ApplyDefaults[T any](base T) (T, error) { return projectOverlay(base, EnvOptions{}, true) }
-
-// LoadProject applies code/tag defaults, a strict optional file, environment,
-// then the project's Validate method, before any logger or dependency is opened.
-// envDefault is only applied to zero-valued defaults before reading the file.
-func LoadProject[T any](path string, defaults T, options EnvOptions, loaders ...*Loader) (T, error) {
+// LoadProject clones defaults, resolves only explicit file references, binds the
+// provided fields and validates. Empty path uses only defaults. No env tags,
+// prefixes, aliases or implicit environment overlays are applied.
+func LoadProject[T any](path string, defaults T, loaders ...*Loader) (T, error) {
 	var zero T
 	loader, err := selectLoader(loaders)
 	if err != nil {
 		return zero, err
 	}
-	cfg, err := projectOverlay(defaults, options, true)
-	if err != nil {
+	if err = rejectEnvironmentTags(reflect.TypeOf(defaults), map[reflect.Type]bool{}); err != nil {
 		return zero, err
 	}
-	var doc Document
+	doc := Document{Value: map[string]any{}}
 	if path != "" {
 		doc, err = loader.read(path)
 		if err != nil {
 			return zero, err
 		}
-		cfg, err = bindDocument(doc, cfg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return zero, locateError(err, path, doc, nil)
-		}
-	} else {
-		value, e := cloneConfiguration(reflect.ValueOf(&cfg).Elem(), 0)
-		if e != nil {
-			return zero, &Error{Reason: "cannot clone defaults", cause: e}
-		}
-		cfg = value.Interface().(T)
 	}
-	origins := map[string]string{}
-	cfg, err = projectOverlay(cfg, options, false, origins)
+	cfg, err := bindDocument(doc, defaults)
 	if err != nil {
-		return zero, err
+		return zero, locateError(err, path, doc)
 	}
-	normalizeProject(reflect.ValueOf(&cfg).Elem(), "", origins, 0)
 	if valid, ok := any(&cfg).(interface{ Validate() error }); ok {
 		if err = valid.Validate(); err != nil {
-			return zero, locateError(err, path, doc, origins)
+			return zero, locateError(err, path, doc)
+		}
+	} else if valid, ok := any(cfg).(interface{ Validate() error }); ok {
+		if err = valid.Validate(); err != nil {
+			return zero, locateError(err, path, doc)
 		}
 	}
 	return cfg, nil
 }
-
-func locateError(err error, path string, doc Document, origins map[string]string) *Error {
+func locateError(err error, path string, doc Document) *Error {
 	d := validationError(err)
-	field := d.Field
-	for field != "" && origins[field] == "" {
-		index := strings.LastIndexAny(field, ".[")
-		if index < 0 {
-			field = ""
-		} else {
-			field = field[:index]
-		}
-	}
-	if env := origins[field]; env != "" {
-		d.Env = env
-		d.File = ""
-		d.Line = 0
-		d.Column = 0
-		return d
-	}
 	d.File = path
 	if d.Line == 0 {
 		p := doc.Positions[d.Field]
 		d.Line = p.Line
 		d.Column = p.Column
 	}
+	for field := d.Field; field != ""; {
+		if names := doc.environments[field]; len(names) > 0 {
+			d.Env = strings.Join(names, ", ")
+			break
+		}
+		i := strings.LastIndexAny(field, ".[")
+		if i < 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		field = field[:i]
+	}
 	return d
 }

-// Framework-owned normalization stays inside the common pipeline. Explicit
-// environment stream selection clears a file profile unless a file override
-// was also provided; project code never needs to repeat this rule.
-func normalizeProject(v reflect.Value, path string, origins map[string]string, depth int) {
-	if depth > 32 {
-		return
+// Reject removed declarations rather than silently ignoring deployment rules.
+func rejectEnvironmentTags(t reflect.Type, seen map[reflect.Type]bool) error {
+	if t == nil || seen[t] {
+		return nil
 	}
-	if v.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
-		if v.IsNil() {
-			return
+	seen[t] = true
+	switch t.Kind() {
+	case reflect.Pointer, reflect.Slice, reflect.Array, reflect.Map:
+		return rejectEnvironmentTags(t.Elem(), seen)
+	case reflect.Struct:
+		for i := 0; i < t.NumField(); i++ {
+			f := t.Field(i)
+			if f.PkgPath != "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			_, env := f.Tag.Lookup("env")
+			_, def := f.Tag.Lookup("envDefault")
+			if env || def {
+				return &Error{Field: f.Name, Reason: "env/envDefault tags were removed; use Default() and explicit file references; see CONFIG.md"}
+			}
+			if f.Tag.Get("json") != "-" {
+				if err := rejectEnvironmentTags(f.Type, seen); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
 		}
-		v = v.Elem()
 	}
-	if v.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return
-	}
-	if v.Type() == reflect.TypeOf(Config{}) && v.CanAddr() {
-		c := v.Addr().Interface().(*Config)
-		if origins[joinField(path, "log.output")] != "" && c.Log.Output != "" && (origins[joinField(path, "log.file")] == "" || c.Log.File == "") {
-			c.Log.File = ""
-			c.Log.Rotation = logx.RotationConfig{}
-		}
-		return
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < v.NumField(); i++ {
-		f := v.Type().Field(i)
-		if f.PkgPath != "" {
-			continue
-		}
-		name := strings.Split(f.Tag.Get("json"), ",")[0]
-		if name == "-" {
-			continue
-		}
-		if name == "" {
-			name = f.Name
-		}
-		normalizeProject(v.Field(i), joinField(path, name), origins, depth+1)
-	}
-}
-
-// OverlayEnv overlays the entire project struct without mutating the input.
-// Tags: env:"CUSTOM_NAME,required,secret,empty=reject"; env:"-" excludes a
-// subtree. required means nonempty string/non-nil pointer or collection; false
-// and zero are valid scalars. Use project Validate for semantic constraints.
-// Slices/maps use JSON syntax, avoiding ambiguous comma and empty semantics.
-func OverlayEnv[T any](base T, options EnvOptions) (T, error) {
-	return projectOverlay(base, options, false)
+	return nil
 }

 var textType = reflect.TypeOf((*encoding.TextUnmarshaler)(nil)).Elem()
 var durationType = reflect.TypeOf(time.Duration(0))

-func projectOverlay[T any](base T, options EnvOptions, defaults bool, sourceMaps ...map[string]string) (T, error) {
-	var zero T
-	if options.Lookup == nil {
-		options.Lookup = os.LookupEnv
-	}
-	if options.Empty == "" {
-		options.Empty = "allow"
-	}
-	if options.Empty != "allow" && options.Empty != "ignore" && options.Empty != "reject" {
-		return zero, errors.New("config: empty policy must be allow, ignore or reject")
-	}
-	v := reflect.ValueOf(&base).Elem()
-	if v.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return zero, errors.New("config: project configuration must be a struct")
-	}
-	result := reflect.New(v.Type()).Elem()
-	result.Set(v)
-	seen := map[string]bool{}
-	var walk func(reflect.Value, string, string, int) error
-	walk = func(value reflect.Value, prefix, path string, depth int) error {
-		if depth > 32 {
-			return errors.New("config: nesting exceeds 32")
-		}
-		for i := 0; i < value.NumField(); i++ {
-			field := value.Type().Field(i)
-			dst := value.Field(i)
-			if !dst.CanSet() || field.PkgPath != "" {
-				continue
-			}
-			tag := strings.Split(field.Tag.Get("env"), ",")
-			if tag[0] == "-" {
-				continue
-			}
-			jsonName := strings.Split(field.Tag.Get("json"), ",")[0]
-			if jsonName == "-" && tag[0] == "" {
-				continue
-			}
-			if jsonName == "" {
-				jsonName = field.Name
-			}
-			fieldPath := joinField(path, jsonName)
-			key := prefix + envName(jsonName)
-			if tag[0] != "" {
-				key = tag[0]
-			}
-			empty, required := options.Empty, false
-			for _, opt := range tag[1:] {
-				switch opt {
-				case "required":
-					required = true
-				case "secret", "":
-				case "empty=allow":
-					empty = "allow"
-				case "empty=ignore":
-					empty = "ignore"
-				case "empty=reject":
-					empty = "reject"
-				default:
-					return fmt.Errorf("config: invalid env tag for %s", key)
-				}
-			}
-			if dst.Kind() == reflect.Struct && !dst.Addr().Type().Implements(textType) {
-				if err := walk(dst, key+"_", fieldPath, depth+1); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				continue
-			}
-			if dst.Kind() == reflect.Pointer && dst.Type().Elem().Kind() == reflect.Struct && !dst.Type().Implements(textType) {
-				// Clone before traversing so a failed overlay never edits defaults.
-				child := reflect.New(dst.Type().Elem())
-				if !dst.IsNil() {
-					child.Elem().Set(dst.Elem())
-				}
-				if err := walk(child.Elem(), key+"_", fieldPath, depth+1); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				if !dst.IsNil() || !child.Elem().IsZero() {
-					dst.Set(child)
-				}
-				if required && !defaults && dst.IsNil() {
-					return &Error{Env: key, Field: fieldPath, Reason: "is required"}
-				}
-				continue
-			}
-			// Unexported runtime capabilities are skipped unless explicitly tagged.
-			if dst.Kind() == reflect.Func || dst.Kind() == reflect.Chan || dst.Kind() == reflect.Interface {
-				if tag[0] != "" {
-					return fmt.Errorf("config: %s has unsupported environment type", key)
-				}
-				continue
-			}
-			if seen[key] {
-				return fmt.Errorf("config: duplicate environment key %s", key)
-			}
-			seen[key] = true
-			var raw string
-			var present bool
-			if !defaults {
-				raw, present = options.Lookup(key)
-			}
-			selectedKey := key
-			if !present && !defaults {
-				for _, alias := range options.Aliases[key] {
-					if raw, present = options.Lookup(alias); present {
-						selectedKey = alias
-						break
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			if defaults {
-				raw, present = field.Tag.Lookup("envDefault")
-				present = present && dst.IsZero()
-			}
-			if present && raw == "" && !defaults {
-				if empty == "reject" {
-					return &Error{Env: selectedKey, Field: fieldPath, Reason: "must not be empty"}
-				}
-				if empty == "ignore" {
-					present = false
-				}
-			}
-			if present {
-				parsed := reflect.New(dst.Type()).Elem()
-				if err := parseEnvValue(parsed, raw); err != nil {
-					origin := selectedKey
-					if defaults {
-						origin = ""
-					}
-					return &Error{Env: origin, Field: fieldPath, Reason: "expected a valid " + dst.Type().String(), cause: err}
-				}
-				dst.Set(parsed)
-				if !defaults && len(sourceMaps) > 0 {
-					sourceMaps[0][fieldPath] = selectedKey
-				}
-			}
-			if required && !defaults && emptyRequired(dst) {
-				return &Error{Env: key, Field: fieldPath, Reason: "is required"}
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-	if err := walk(result, options.Prefix, "", 0); err != nil {
-		return zero, err
-	}
-	return result.Interface().(T), nil
-}
-
-func emptyRequired(v reflect.Value) bool {
-	switch v.Kind() {
-	case reflect.String:
-		return v.Len() == 0
-	case reflect.Pointer, reflect.Map, reflect.Slice:
-		return v.IsNil()
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func parseEnvValue(v reflect.Value, raw string) (err error) {
+func parseTextValue(v reflect.Value, raw string) (err error) {
 	defer func() {
 		if recover() != nil {
 			err = errors.New("invalid custom value")
@@ -320,7 +107,7 @@ func parseEnvValue(v reflect.Value, raw string) (err error) {
 	}()
 	if v.Kind() == reflect.Pointer {
 		v.Set(reflect.New(v.Type().Elem()))
-		return parseEnvValue(v.Elem(), raw)
+		return parseTextValue(v.Elem(), raw)
 	}
 	if v.CanAddr() && v.Addr().Type().Implements(textType) {
 		return v.Addr().Interface().(encoding.TextUnmarshaler).UnmarshalText([]byte(raw))
@@ -363,37 +150,6 @@ func parseEnvValue(v reflect.Value, raw string) (err error) {
 			v.SetFloat(x)
 		}
 		return err
-	case reflect.Slice, reflect.Map:
-		var value any
-		if err := apierrors.DecodeCatalogJSON([]byte(raw), &value); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		value, err := durations(value, v.Type())
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		encoded, err := json.Marshal(value)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		decoder := json.NewDecoder(bytes.NewReader(encoded))
-		decoder.DisallowUnknownFields()
-		return decoder.Decode(v.Addr().Interface())
 	}
-	return errors.New("unsupported environment value")
-}
-
-func envName(s string) string {
-	r := []rune(s)
-	var out strings.Builder
-	for i, c := range r {
-		if i > 0 && unicode.IsUpper(c) && (unicode.IsLower(r[i-1]) || unicode.IsDigit(r[i-1]) || (i+1 < len(r) && unicode.IsLower(r[i+1]))) {
-			out.WriteByte('_')
-		}
-		if c == '-' {
-			c = '_'
-		}
-		out.WriteRune(unicode.ToUpper(c))
-	}
-	return out.String()
+	return errors.New("expected scalar text")
 }
--- a/config/projectAdvanced_test.go
+++ b/config/projectAdvanced_test.go
@@ -42,20 +42,3 @@ func TestConfigFilePreservesDefaultsWithoutSharingMutableData(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("decode error leaked contents", err)
 	}
 }
-func TestEnvCollectionPrecisionAndDurationMaps(t *testing.T) {
-	type cfg struct {
-		IDs    []int64                  `json:"ids"`
-		Timers map[string]time.Duration `json:"timers"`
-	}
-	lookup := func(key string) (string, bool) {
-		v, ok := map[string]string{"IDS": "[9007199254740993]", "TIMERS": `{"backoff":"250ms"}`}[key]
-		return v, ok
-	}
-	c, err := OverlayEnv(cfg{}, EnvOptions{Lookup: lookup})
-	if err != nil || c.IDs[0] != 9007199254740993 || c.Timers["backoff"] != 250*time.Millisecond {
-		t.Fatal(c, err)
-	}
-	if _, err = OverlayEnv(cfg{}, EnvOptions{Lookup: func(key string) (string, bool) { return `{"x":"1s","x":"2s"}`, key == "TIMERS" }}); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("duplicate map key accepted")
-	}
-}
--- a/config/project_test.go
+++ b/config/project_test.go
@@ -1,124 +0,0 @@
-package config
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"reflect"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-)
-
-type projectNested struct {
-	ReadTimeout time.Duration `json:"readTimeout"`
-	Names       []string      `json:"names"`
-}
-type projectConfig struct {
-	Nested   *projectNested `json:"nested"`
-	Enabled  bool           `json:"enabled"`
-	Count    int            `json:"count" envDefault:"12"`
-	Password string         `json:"-" env:"ETAX_PASSWORD,secret,required,empty=reject"`
-	Label    string         `json:"label" env:",empty=ignore"`
-}
-
-func (c projectConfig) Validate() error {
-	if c.Count < 0 {
-		return errors.New("count must be nonnegative")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-func TestProjectConfigurationOrderAndValues(t *testing.T) {
-	f := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.yaml")
-	if err := os.WriteFile(f, []byte("count: 3\nenabled: true\nnested:\n  readTimeout: 2s\n  names: [file]\nlabel: keep\n"), 0600); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	env := map[string]string{"ETAX_PASSWORD": "  password  ", "APP_ENABLED": "false", "APP_COUNT": "0", "APP_NESTED_READ_TIMEOUT": "7s", "APP_NESTED_NAMES": "[]", "APP_LABEL": ""}
-	options := EnvOptions{Prefix: "APP_", Lookup: func(k string) (string, bool) { v, ok := env[k]; return v, ok }}
-	cfg, err := LoadProject(f, projectConfig{}, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if cfg.Enabled || cfg.Count != 0 || cfg.Password != "  password  " || cfg.Nested.ReadTimeout != 7*time.Second || cfg.Nested.Names == nil || len(cfg.Nested.Names) != 0 || cfg.Label != "keep" {
-		t.Fatal("overlay mismatch")
-	}
-	delete(env, "APP_COUNT")
-	cfg, err = LoadProject("", projectConfig{}, options)
-	if err != nil || cfg.Count != 12 {
-		t.Fatal(cfg.Count, err)
-	}
-	env["APP_COUNT"] = "-1"
-	if _, err = LoadProject(f, projectConfig{}, options); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("project Validate not called")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestProjectOverlayIsTransactionalAndRedacted(t *testing.T) {
-	base := projectConfig{Nested: &projectNested{ReadTimeout: time.Second, Names: []string{"old"}}, Password: "original"}
-	env := map[string]string{"APP_NESTED_READ_TIMEOUT": "2s", "APP_NESTED_NAMES": "[\"new\"]", "APP_COUNT": "secret-value"}
-	_, err := OverlayEnv(base, EnvOptions{Prefix: "APP_", Lookup: func(k string) (string, bool) { v, ok := env[k]; return v, ok }})
-	if err == nil || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "secret-value") {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if base.Nested.ReadTimeout != time.Second || !reflect.DeepEqual(base.Nested.Names, []string{"old"}) {
-		t.Fatal("default pointer modified")
-	}
-	delete(env, "APP_COUNT")
-	env["ETAX_PASSWORD"] = ""
-	if _, err = OverlayEnv(base, EnvOptions{Prefix: "APP_", Lookup: func(k string) (string, bool) { v, ok := env[k]; return v, ok }}); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("empty secret accepted")
-	}
-	type required struct {
-		Token string `env:"TOKEN,required"`
-	}
-	if _, err = OverlayEnv(required{}, EnvOptions{Lookup: func(string) (string, bool) { return "", false }}); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("required absent")
-	}
-	type duplicate struct {
-		A string `env:"SAME"`
-		B string `env:"SAME"`
-	}
-	if _, err = OverlayEnv(duplicate{}, EnvOptions{}); err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("duplicate env binding accepted")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestEnvironmentCollectionAndEmptySemantics(t *testing.T) {
-	type sample struct {
-		Values   []time.Duration
-		Flag     bool
-		Text     string
-		Optional *int
-	}
-	cases := []struct {
-		raw   string
-		valid bool
-	}{{`["1s","2s"]`, true}, {`["invalid-secret"]`, false}}
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		cfg, err := OverlayEnv(sample{}, EnvOptions{Lookup: func(k string) (string, bool) {
-			if k == "VALUES" {
-				return tc.raw, true
-			}
-			return "", false
-		}})
-		if (err == nil) != tc.valid {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-		if tc.valid && !reflect.DeepEqual(cfg.Values, []time.Duration{time.Second, 2 * time.Second}) {
-			t.Fatal(cfg)
-		}
-		if err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "secret") {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	}
-	for _, mode := range []string{"allow", "ignore", "reject"} {
-		cfg, err := OverlayEnv(sample{Text: "old"}, EnvOptions{Empty: mode, Lookup: func(k string) (string, bool) { return "", k == "TEXT" }})
-		if mode == "reject" {
-			if err == nil {
-				t.Fatal("empty not rejected")
-			}
-		} else if err != nil || (mode == "allow" && cfg.Text != "") || (mode == "ignore" && cfg.Text != "old") {
-			t.Fatal(cfg, err)
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/config/references.go
+++ b/config/references.go
@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"unicode/utf8"
+)
+
+// WithLookupEnv supplies an explicit-reference lookup for tests or an embedding
+// host. Ordinary projects need no loader options. The function must support
+// concurrent loads; each load caches each referenced name independently.
+func WithLookupEnv(lookup func(string) (string, bool)) LoaderOption {
+	return func(l *Loader) error {
+		if l == nil || l.sealed || lookup == nil {
+			return errors.New("config: expected a non-nil environment lookup on a new loader")
+		}
+		l.lookup = lookup
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// resolvedText is textual input bound according to the target scalar type. It
+// never becomes an object, collection or null by interpreting environment data.
+type resolvedText string
+
+const maxExpandedBytes = 4 << 20
+
+type environmentValue struct {
+	value   string
+	present bool
+}
+type referenceResolver struct {
+	lookup                   func(string) (string, bool)
+	cache                    map[string]environmentValue
+	doc                      Document
+	nodes, bytes, cacheBytes int
+}
+
+func resolveDocument(doc Document, lookup func(string) (string, bool)) (Document, error) {
+	r := referenceResolver{lookup: lookup, cache: map[string]environmentValue{}, doc: Document{Positions: doc.Positions, environments: map[string][]string{}}}
+	v, err := r.walk(doc.Value, "", 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return Document{}, err
+	}
+	r.doc.Value = v
+	return r.doc, nil
+}
+func (r *referenceResolver) walk(v any, path string, depth int) (any, error) {
+	r.nodes++
+	if depth > maxConfigDepth || r.nodes > maxConfigNodes {
+		return nil, r.doc.diagnostic(path, "configuration nesting or node limit exceeded", nil)
+	}
+	switch x := v.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return r.text(x, path, false)
+	case Text:
+		return r.text(string(x), path, true)
+	case map[string]any:
+		out := make(map[string]any, len(x))
+		for _, key := range sortedKeys(x) {
+			value, err := r.walk(x[key], joinField(path, key), depth+1)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			out[key] = value
+		}
+		return out, nil
+	case []any:
+		out := make([]any, len(x))
+		for i, value := range x {
+			var err error
+			out[i], err = r.walk(value, fmt.Sprintf("%s[%d]", path, i), depth+1)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return out, nil
+	default:
+		return v, nil
+	}
+}
+func (r *referenceResolver) fail(path, name, reason string) error {
+	d := r.doc.diagnostic(path, reason, nil)
+	d.Env = name
+	return d
+}
+func validEnvironmentName(name string) bool {
+	if len(name) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(name); i++ {
+		c := name[i]
+		if c == '_' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' || c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' || i > 0 && c >= '0' && c <= '9' {
+			continue
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+func (r *referenceResolver) lookupValue(name, path string) (environmentValue, error) {
+	if v, ok := r.cache[name]; ok {
+		return v, nil
+	}
+	value, present := r.lookup(name)
+	if len(value) > maxConfigBytes || r.cacheBytes+len(value) > maxExpandedBytes {
+		return environmentValue{}, r.fail(path, name, "environment value exceeds configuration size limit")
+	}
+	if !utf8.ValidString(value) {
+		return environmentValue{}, r.fail(path, name, "environment value is not valid UTF-8")
+	}
+
+	r.cacheBytes += len(value)
+	v := environmentValue{value, present}
+	r.cache[name] = v
+	return v, nil
+}
+func (r *referenceResolver) text(raw, path string, xmlText bool) (any, error) {
+	var out strings.Builder
+	var names []string
+	seen := map[string]bool{}
+	if !strings.Contains(raw, "$") {
+		if len(raw) > maxConfigBytes || r.bytes+len(raw) > maxExpandedBytes {
+			return nil, r.fail(path, "", "expanded configuration exceeds size limit")
+		}
+		r.bytes += len(raw)
+		if xmlText {
+			return Text(raw), nil
+		}
+		return raw, nil
+	}
+	appendText := func(s string) error {
+		if out.Len()+len(s) > maxConfigBytes || r.bytes+len(s) > maxExpandedBytes {
+			return r.fail(path, strings.Join(names, ", "), "expanded configuration exceeds size limit")
+		}
+		out.WriteString(s)
+		r.bytes += len(s)
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Scan only the file's decoded scalar. Inserted environment values are never
+	// scanned again, including dollars, quotes, separators or newline characters.
+	for i := 0; i < len(raw); {
+		j := strings.IndexByte(raw[i:], '$')
+		if j < 0 {
+			if err := appendText(raw[i:]); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			break
+		}
+		j += i
+		if err := appendText(raw[i:j]); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		switch {
+		case j+1 < len(raw) && raw[j+1] == '$':
+			if err := appendText("$"); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			i = j + 2
+		case j+1 < len(raw) && raw[j+1] == '{':
+			end := strings.IndexByte(raw[j+2:], '}')
+			if end < 0 {
+				return nil, r.fail(path, "", "unclosed environment reference; use ${NAME}, ${NAME:-fallback} or $${...} for a literal")
+			}
+			end += j + 2
+			expression := raw[j+2 : end]
+			name, fallback, hasDefault := strings.Cut(expression, ":-")
+			if !validEnvironmentName(name) || strings.Contains(fallback, "${") {
+				return nil, r.fail(path, "", "invalid environment reference; use ${NAME} or ${NAME:-fallback}; nested references are not supported")
+			}
+			r.nodes++
+			if r.nodes > maxConfigNodes {
+				return nil, r.fail(path, name, "environment reference count exceeds configuration limit")
+			}
+			if !seen[name] {
+				names = append(names, name)
+				seen[name] = true
+			}
+
+			value, err := r.lookupValue(name, path)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			selected := value.value
+			if !value.present || selected == "" {
+				if !hasDefault {
+					return nil, r.fail(path, name, "required environment variable is unset or empty")
+				}
+				selected = fallback
+			}
+			if err := appendText(selected); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			i = end + 1
+		default:
+			if err := appendText("$"); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			i = j + 1
+		}
+	}
+	if len(names) > 0 {
+		r.doc.environments[path] = names
+		return resolvedText(out.String()), nil
+	}
+	if xmlText {
+		return Text(out.String()), nil
+	}
+	return out.String(), nil
+}
--- a/config/references_test.go
+++ b/config/references_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type referenceConfig struct {
+	Port      int               `json:"port"`
+	BatchSize int               `json:"batchSize"`
+	Enabled   bool              `json:"enabled"`
+	Password  string            `json:"password"`
+	Address   string            `json:"address"`
+	Timeout   time.Duration     `json:"timeout"`
+	Optional  *int              `json:"optional"`
+	Labels    map[string]string `json:"labels"`
+	Numbers   []int64           `json:"numbers"`
+	Dynamic   any               `json:"dynamic"`
+}
+
+func (c referenceConfig) Validate() error {
+	if c.Port < 0 {
+		return Invalid("port", "must not be negative")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+func TestExplicitReferencesAcrossFormats(t *testing.T) {
+	// Delimiters, quotes and newlines belong to the credential, never file syntax.
+	secret := "  DDSFLKJlsf:saf:-123\"\n${DO_NOT_READ}&<>\\  "
+	sources := map[string]string{
+		"json": `{"port":"${PORT:-3306}","enabled":"${ENABLED:-true}","password":"${PASSWORD}","address":"https://${HOST}:${PORT:-3306}/v1","timeout":"${TIMEOUT:-3s}","optional":"${ZERO}","numbers":["${BIG}"],"dynamic":"${ZERO}","labels":{"literal":"$${NOT_READ}","empty":"${OPTIONAL:-}","dollars":"$$cost"}}`,
+		"yaml": "port: \"${PORT:-3306}\"\nenabled: \"${ENABLED:-true}\"\npassword: \"${PASSWORD}\"\naddress: \"https://${HOST}:${PORT:-3306}/v1\"\ntimeout: \"${TIMEOUT:-3s}\"\noptional: \"${ZERO}\"\nnumbers: [\"${BIG}\"]\ndynamic: \"${ZERO}\"\nlabels:\n  literal: \"$${NOT_READ}\"\n  empty: \"${OPTIONAL:-}\"\n  dollars: \"$$cost\"\n",
+		"xml":  `<config><port>${PORT:-3306}</port><enabled>${ENABLED:-true}</enabled><password>${PASSWORD}</password><address>https://${HOST}:${PORT:-3306}/v1</address><timeout>${TIMEOUT:-3s}</timeout><optional>${ZERO}</optional><numbers type="array"><item>${BIG}</item></numbers><dynamic>${ZERO}</dynamic><labels><literal>$${NOT_READ}</literal><empty>${OPTIONAL:-}</empty><dollars>$$cost</dollars></labels></config>`,
+	}
+	for ext, source := range sources {
+		t.Run(ext, func(t *testing.T) {
+			calls := map[string]int{}
+			values := map[string]string{"PORT": "0", "ENABLED": "false", "PASSWORD": secret, "HOST": "example.test", "ZERO": "0", "BIG": "9007199254740993"}
+			l := testLoader(func(name string) (string, bool) { calls[name]++; v, ok := values[name]; return v, ok })
+			got, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, ext, source), referenceConfig{Port: 77, BatchSize: 100, Enabled: true, Password: "old"}, l)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			if got.Port != 0 || got.BatchSize != 100 || got.Enabled || got.Password != secret || got.Address != "https://example.test:0/v1" || got.Timeout != 3*time.Second || got.Optional == nil || *got.Optional != 0 || got.Numbers[0] != 9007199254740993 || got.Dynamic != "0" {
+				t.Fatal("binding changed values")
+			}
+			if got.Labels["literal"] != "${NOT_READ}" || got.Labels["empty"] != "" || got.Labels["dollars"] != "$cost" {
+				t.Fatal(got.Labels)
+			}
+			for name, n := range calls {
+				if n != 1 {
+					t.Fatal("not cached", name, n)
+				}
+			}
+			if calls["DO_NOT_READ"] != 0 || calls["NOT_READ"] != 0 {
+				t.Fatal("recursive expansion")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+func TestReferenceFallbackAndFixedValues(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, present := range []bool{false, true} {
+		l := testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { return "", present })
+		got, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, "yaml", "port: \"${PORT:-3306}\"\npassword: \"${PASSWORD:-DDSFLKJlsf:saf:-123}\""), referenceConfig{}, l)
+		if err != nil || got.Port != 3306 || got.Password != "DDSFLKJlsf:saf:-123" {
+			t.Fatal(got, err)
+		}
+		for _, ext := range []string{"json", "yaml", "xml"} {
+			raw := `{"password":"${PASSWORD}"}`
+			if ext == "yaml" {
+				raw = "password: '${PASSWORD}'"
+			}
+			if ext == "xml" {
+				raw = "<config><password>${PASSWORD}</password></config>"
+			}
+			path := configFile(t, ext, raw)
+			_, err = LoadProject(path, referenceConfig{Password: "initial"}, l)
+			var d *Error
+			if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.Env != "PASSWORD" || d.File != path || d.Field != "password" || d.Line < 1 {
+				t.Fatal("missing required-reference diagnostic", err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	calls := 0
+	l := testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { calls++; return "999", true })
+	got, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, "json", `{"port":0,"enabled":false,"password":""}`), referenceConfig{Port: 77, BatchSize: 100, Enabled: true, Password: "old"}, l)
+	if err != nil || got.Port != 0 || got.BatchSize != 100 || got.Enabled || got.Password != "" || calls != 0 {
+		t.Fatal(got, err, calls)
+	}
+	got, err = LoadProject(configFile(t, "yaml", "password: '${VALUE}'"), referenceConfig{}, testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { return "  ", true }))
+	if err != nil || got.Password != "  " {
+		t.Fatal("trimmed credential", err)
+	}
+}
+func TestReferenceDiagnosticsAndScalarLimits(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, value := range []string{"private-not-int", "92233720368547758080", "false", "null", "-1"} {
+		path := configFile(t, "yaml", "port: '${PORT}'")
+		_, err := LoadProject(path, referenceConfig{}, testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { return value, true }))
+		var d *Error
+		if !errors.As(err, &d) || d.File != path || d.Env != "PORT" || d.Field != "port" || d.Line != 1 || d.Column < 1 || strings.Contains(err.Error(), value) {
+			t.Fatalf("invalid diagnostic: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, raw := range []string{"${BAD-123}", "${}", "${X", "${1BAD}", "${BAD NAME}", "${X:-${Y}}"} {
+		encoded, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"password": raw})
+		if _, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, "json", string(encoded)), referenceConfig{}, testLoader(noEnvironment)); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("invalid syntax accepted", raw)
+		}
+	}
+	for _, value := range []string{string([]byte{0xff}), strings.Repeat("x", maxConfigBytes+1)} {
+		if _, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, "yaml", "password: '${SECRET}'"), referenceConfig{}, testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { return value, true })); err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("unbounded/invalid environment")
+		}
+	}
+	path := configFile(t, "yaml", "labels:\n  a: '${BIG}'\n  b: '${BIG}'\n  c: '${BIG}'\n  d: '${BIG}'\n  e: '${BIG}'")
+	if _, err := LoadProject(path, referenceConfig{}, testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { return strings.Repeat("x", maxConfigBytes), true })); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expansion budget bypassed")
+	}
+	// An environment value cannot inject an array/object or coerce dynamic null.
+	for _, raw := range []string{"[1,2]", "{\"x\":1}", "null"} {
+		_, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, "yaml", "numbers: '${VALUE}'"), referenceConfig{}, testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { return raw, true }))
+		if err == nil {
+			t.Fatal("structure injected")
+		}
+	}
+}
+func TestReferenceCacheIsolationAndRemovedRules(t *testing.T) {
+	path := configFile(t, "yaml", "password: '${TOKEN}'")
+	for i := 0; i < 24; i++ {
+		t.Run(fmt.Sprint(i), func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			v := fmt.Sprint(i)
+			l := testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { return v, true })
+			for n := 0; n < 4; n++ {
+				got, err := LoadProject(path, referenceConfig{}, l)
+				if err != nil || got.Password != v {
+					t.Fatal("load leaked", err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+func TestReferenceLookupPerLoadAndConcurrentLoader(t *testing.T) {
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	reads := 0
+	l := testLoader(func(string) (string, bool) { mu.Lock(); defer mu.Unlock(); reads++; return "secret", true })
+	path := configFile(t, "yaml", "password: '${TOKEN}${TOKEN}'")
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 24; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			got, err := LoadProject(path, referenceConfig{}, l)
+			if err != nil || got.Password != "secretsecret" {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	if reads != 24 {
+		t.Fatal(reads)
+	}
+}
+func TestRemovedEnvTagsAndFieldSuggestion(t *testing.T) {
+	type old struct {
+		Value int `json:"value" envDefault:"9"`
+	}
+	if _, err := LoadProject("", old{}); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "removed") {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	type oldSecret struct {
+		Token string `json:"-" env:"TOKEN"`
+	}
+	if _, err := DecodeFile(configFile(t, "json", `{}`), oldSecret{}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("old env tag ignored")
+	}
+	_, err := LoadProject(configFile(t, "yaml", "batchSiz: 10"), referenceConfig{})
+	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), `did you mean "batchSize"`) {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_BATCH_SIZE", "999")
+	got, err := LoadProject("", referenceConfig{BatchSize: 100})
+	if err != nil || got.BatchSize != 100 {
+		t.Fatal("implicit overlay", err)
+	}
+}
+func FuzzConfigurationReferences(f *testing.F) {
+	for _, s := range []string{"${X}", "$${X}", "${X:-DDS:abc:-123}", "${X:-}", "https://${X}/${X}", "${X:-${Y}}"} {
+		f.Add(s, " secret${NO}\n\" ")
+	}
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, raw, value string) {
+		if len(raw) > 8192 || len(value) > 8192 {
+			return
+		}
+		doc := Document{Value: map[string]any{"password": raw}}
+		resolved, err := resolveDocument(doc, func(string) (string, bool) { return value, true })
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		_, _ = bindDocument(resolved, referenceConfig{})
+	})
+}
+func BenchmarkExplicitConfiguration(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, refs := range []bool{false, true} {
+		b.Run(fmt.Sprint(refs), func(b *testing.B) {
+			source := `{"port":3306,"enabled":false,"password":"fixed","batchSize":0}`
+			if refs {
+				source = `{"port":"${PORT:-3306}","enabled":"${ENABLED:-false}","password":"${PASSWORD}","batchSize":0}`
+			}
+			path := b.TempDir() + "/config.json"
+			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte(source), 0600); err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			l := testLoader(func(k string) (string, bool) { return "private", k == "PASSWORD" })
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				if _, err := LoadProject(path, referenceConfig{BatchSize: 100}, l); err != nil {
+					b.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/config/suggestions.go
+++ b/config/suggestions.go
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// Suggest only a unique, nearby declared field. Input values are never used.
+func unknownFieldReason(name string, fields map[string]reflect.StructField) string {
+	if len(name) < 3 || len(name) > 128 {
+		return "unknown field"
+	}
+	best, match, tied := 3, "", false
+	for candidate := range fields {
+		if len(candidate) > 128 {
+			continue
+		}
+		d := fieldDistance(strings.ToLower(name), strings.ToLower(candidate))
+		if d < best {
+			best, match, tied = d, candidate, false
+		} else if d == best {
+			tied = true
+		}
+	}
+	if match != "" && !tied && best <= 2 {
+		return "unknown field; did you mean " + strconv.Quote(match) + "?"
+	}
+	return "unknown field"
+}
+func fieldDistance(a, b string) int {
+	prev := make([]int, len(b)+1)
+	for i := range prev {
+		prev[i] = i
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < len(a); i++ {
+		left, diagonal := i+1, prev[0]
+		prev[0] = left
+		for j := 0; j < len(b); j++ {
+			cost := 0
+			if a[i] != b[j] {
+				cost = 1
+			}
+			old := prev[j+1]
+			left = min(left+1, old+1, diagonal+cost)
+			prev[j+1] = left
+			diagonal = old
+		}
+	}
+	return prev[len(b)]
+}
--- a/database/README.md
+++ b/database/README.md
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@

 `database` 包提供基于标准库 `database/sql` 的连接池生命周期，不绑定 ORM 或驱动：

- `Config` / `ConfigFromEnv`：连接池参数和 `GO_OMNI_DB_*` 环境变量。
+- `Config`：驱动、DSN 与连接池参数；嵌入项目配置，通过文件显式引用变量。
 - `Open` / `OpenConnector`：通过 DSN 或标准 Connector 创建连接池、设置连接上限并在返回前执行 `PingContext`。
 - `Health`：用于就绪检查，等待连接和 Ping 均受 `PingTimeout` 限制。
 - `InTx`：统一事务提交和回滚；工作函数返回错误或 panic 时回滚。
@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@
 ```go
 import (
 	"context"
+    "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
 	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/database"
 )

-cfg, err := database.ConfigFromEnv("GO_OMNI_DB_")
+cfg, err := config.LoadProject("etc/database.yaml", database.DefaultConfig())
 if err != nil {
 	return err
 }
@@ -32,19 +33,15 @@ if err != nil {
 defer db.Close()
 ```

-连接池相关环境变量：
+对应文件（框架不规定变量名）：

-```text
-GO_OMNI_DB_DRIVER=mysql
-GO_OMNI_DB_DSN=user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/app?parseTime=true
-GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_OPEN_CONNS=10
-GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_IDLE_CONNS=5
-GO_OMNI_DB_CONN_MAX_LIFETIME=30m
-GO_OMNI_DB_CONN_MAX_IDLE_TIME=5m
-GO_OMNI_DB_PING_TIMEOUT=5s
+```yaml
+driver: mysql
+dsn: "${DB_DSN}"
+maxOpenConns: "${DB_MAX_OPEN:-10}"
 ```

-使用 `ConfigFromEnv` / `Open` 时 `DSN` 必填，环境变量入口的驱动默认是 `mysql`。数据库建库、迁移、表结构和具体 Repository 属于业务项目或可选模块，不会被核心包自动执行。
+Open 使用的 Driver、DSN 必填。建库、迁移、表结构和业务 Repository 由项目负责。v0.22 删除 ConfigFromEnv/ApplyEnv；不再隐式扫描数据库变量。

 `MaxIdleConns=0` 会禁用空闲连接。初始化 Ping 失败会关闭已创建的连接池。

@@ -62,12 +59,9 @@ python3 scripts/verifyDatabase.py --version v0.2.0
 结束时清理容器、匿名数据卷和临时项目。常规 `go test ./...` 不依赖 Docker。


-## 项目配置叠加
+## 项目配置

-`database.ApplyEnv(cfg, prefix)` 在已有文件/默认配置上覆盖非空环境变量，保留未覆盖的池参数。
-`Config` 的 JSON/YAML 字段使用 lowerCamelCase，`DSN` 使用 `json:"-"`，连接密钥从环境变量加载。
-API 脚手架 `--database mysql` 使用此流程，并要求正的 `maxOpenConns`，提供数据库 readiness 与幂等清理。
-具体表结构、迁移和 Repository 留在业务项目，参考 `examples/userService`。
+配置结构作为项目 Config 的字段，Default() 初始化连接池，文件按需覆盖。DSN 可使用 `dsn: "${DB_DSN}"`；database.Config 的 JSON 序列化不输出 DSN 原值。不要打印原始配置对象。当前 API 脚手架使用结构化 MySQL 适配器，由 svc 统一初始化与关闭。

 ## Connector 接入（v0.9.1-preview）

@@ -103,7 +97,7 @@ func Open(ctx context.Context, address, user, password, name string,
 }
 ```

-调用时以 `database.DefaultPoolConfig()` 为起点，按项目需要调整。已有 `database.Config` 可调用 `.PoolConfig()` 提取池设置；`ConfigFromEnv` / `ApplyEnv` 仍是 DSN 入口，不用为 Connector 填假 DSN。`PoolConfig` 支持通过 `config.DecodeFile` 加载项目的 JSON/YAML 嵌套配置，环境覆盖由项目按自己的驱动配置组织。
+调用时以 `database.DefaultPoolConfig()` 为起点，按项目需要调整。已有 `database.Config` 可调用 `.PoolConfig()` 提取池设置；Connector 不需要填写 DSN。`PoolConfig` 支持通过 `config.DecodeFile` 加载项目的 JSON/YAML 嵌套配置，环境引用由项目在文件里显式声明。

 | PoolConfig 字段 | 默认值 / 含义 |
 | --- | --- |
--- a/database/configOverlay_test.go
+++ b/database/configOverlay_test.go
@@ -2,19 +2,27 @@ package database

 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )

-func TestApplyEnvPreservesFilePoolAndHidesDSN(t *testing.T) {
+func TestExplicitConfigPreservesPoolAndHidesDSN(t *testing.T) {
 	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Driver = "mysql"
+	path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "db.yaml")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("dsn: \"${OMNI_TEST_DSN}\"\nmaxIdleConns: \"${OMNI_TEST_MAX_IDLE_CONNS}\"\nmaxOpenConns: \"${OMNI_TEST_MAX_OPEN_CONNS:-3}\""), 0600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
 	cfg.MaxOpenConns = 3
 	cfg.MaxIdleConns = 1
 	cfg.PingTimeout = time.Second
 	t.Setenv("OMNI_TEST_DSN", "user:secret@tcp(localhost:3306)/test")
 	t.Setenv("OMNI_TEST_MAX_IDLE_CONNS", "0")
-	got, err := ApplyEnv(cfg, "OMNI_TEST_")
+	got, err := config.LoadProject(path, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
 	}
@@ -29,7 +37,7 @@ func TestApplyEnvPreservesFilePoolAndHidesDSN(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("unsafe config encoding: %s", data)
 	}
 	t.Setenv("OMNI_TEST_MAX_OPEN_CONNS", "bad")
-	if _, err = ApplyEnv(cfg, "OMNI_TEST_"); err == nil {
+	if _, err = config.LoadProject(path, cfg); err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("invalid override accepted")
 	}
 }
--- a/database/database.go
+++ b/database/database.go
@@ -5,17 +5,16 @@ package database
 import (
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 )

 type Config struct {
 	Driver          string        `json:"driver"`
-	DSN             string        `json:"-"`
+	DSN             string        `json:"dsn"`
 	MaxOpenConns    int           `json:"maxOpenConns"`
 	MaxIdleConns    int           `json:"maxIdleConns"`
 	ConnMaxLifetime time.Duration `json:"connMaxLifetime"`
@@ -23,6 +22,14 @@ type Config struct {
 	PingTimeout     time.Duration `json:"pingTimeout"`
 }

+// MarshalJSON omits the connection credential from serialized diagnostics.
+func (c Config) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	type plain Config
+	safe := plain(c)
+	safe.DSN = ""
+	return json.Marshal(safe)
+}
+
 func DefaultConfig() Config { return DefaultPoolConfig().config() }

 // PoolConfig returns driver-independent connection pool settings.
@@ -34,49 +41,6 @@ func (c Config) PoolConfig() PoolConfig {
 	}
 }

-// ConfigFromEnv reads GO_OMNI_DB_* style settings. DSN is required.
-func ConfigFromEnv(prefix string) (Config, error) {
-	return ApplyEnv(DefaultConfig(), prefix)
-}
-
-// ApplyEnv overlays nonempty environment settings on file/default configuration.
-// DSN is environment-only when Config is decoded from JSON or YAML.
-func ApplyEnv(cfg Config, prefix string) (Config, error) {
-	prefix = strings.TrimSpace(prefix)
-	if prefix == "" {
-		prefix = "GO_OMNI_DB_"
-	}
-	if value := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(prefix + "DRIVER")); value != "" {
-		cfg.Driver = value
-	}
-	if cfg.Driver == "" {
-		cfg.Driver = "mysql"
-	}
-	if value := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(prefix + "DSN")); value != "" {
-		cfg.DSN = value
-	}
-	if cfg.DSN == "" {
-		return Config{}, fmt.Errorf("%sDSN is required", prefix)
-	}
-	var err error
-	if cfg.MaxOpenConns, err = envInt(prefix+"MAX_OPEN_CONNS", cfg.MaxOpenConns); err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	if cfg.MaxIdleConns, err = envInt(prefix+"MAX_IDLE_CONNS", cfg.MaxIdleConns); err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	if cfg.ConnMaxLifetime, err = envDuration(prefix+"CONN_MAX_LIFETIME", cfg.ConnMaxLifetime); err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	if cfg.ConnMaxIdleTime, err = envDuration(prefix+"CONN_MAX_IDLE_TIME", cfg.ConnMaxIdleTime); err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	if cfg.PingTimeout, err = envDuration(prefix+"PING_TIMEOUT", cfg.PingTimeout); err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	return cfg, cfg.Validate()
-}
-
 func (c Config) Validate() error {
 	if strings.TrimSpace(c.Driver) == "" {
 		return errors.New("database driver is required")
@@ -165,27 +129,3 @@ func (db *DB) InTx(ctx context.Context, options *sql.TxOptions, work func(*sql.T
 	}
 	return nil
 }
-
-func envInt(key string, fallback int) (int, error) {
-	value := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(key))
-	if value == "" {
-		return fallback, nil
-	}
-	parsed, err := strconv.Atoi(value)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%s must be an integer: %w", key, err)
-	}
-	return parsed, nil
-}
-
-func envDuration(key string, fallback time.Duration) (time.Duration, error) {
-	value := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(key))
-	if value == "" {
-		return fallback, nil
-	}
-	parsed, err := time.ParseDuration(value)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, fmt.Errorf("%s must be a duration: %w", key, err)
-	}
-	return parsed, nil
-}
--- a/database/database_test.go
+++ b/database/database_test.go
@@ -2,54 +2,10 @@ package database

 import (
 	"context"
-	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 )

-func TestConfigFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
-	keys := []string{
-		"GO_OMNI_DB_DRIVER", "GO_OMNI_DB_DSN", "GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_OPEN_CONNS",
-		"GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_IDLE_CONNS", "GO_OMNI_DB_CONN_MAX_LIFETIME",
-		"GO_OMNI_DB_CONN_MAX_IDLE_TIME", "GO_OMNI_DB_PING_TIMEOUT",
-	}
-	for _, key := range keys {
-		t.Setenv(key, "")
-		_ = os.Unsetenv(key)
-	}
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DSN", "root:secret@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/demo")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_OPEN_CONNS", "20")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_IDLE_CONNS", "8")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_CONN_MAX_LIFETIME", "2m")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_PING_TIMEOUT", "750ms")
-	cfg, err := ConfigFromEnv("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	if cfg.Driver != "mysql" || cfg.DSN == "" || cfg.MaxOpenConns != 20 || cfg.MaxIdleConns != 8 || cfg.ConnMaxLifetime != 2*time.Minute || cfg.PingTimeout != 750*time.Millisecond {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected config: %+v", cfg)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestConfigFromEnvRejectsInvalidValues(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DSN", "demo")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_OPEN_CONNS", "bad")
-	if _, err := ConfigFromEnv(""); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "MAX_OPEN_CONNS") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected invalid pool limit error, got %v", err)
-	}
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_OPEN_CONNS", "2")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_IDLE_CONNS", "3")
-	if _, err := ConfigFromEnv(""); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "max idle") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected pool relationship error, got %v", err)
-	}
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_IDLE_CONNS", "1")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_DB_PING_TIMEOUT", "0s")
-	if _, err := ConfigFromEnv(""); err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "timeouts") {
-		t.Fatalf("expected timeout error, got %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
 func TestOpenValidatesBeforeLoadingDriver(t *testing.T) {
 	_, err := Open(context.Background(), Config{Driver: "", DSN: "demo"})
 	if err == nil || !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "driver") {
--- a/database/mysql/README.md
+++ b/database/mysql/README.md
@@ -10,13 +10,14 @@
 go-omni new --database mysql --module example.com/billing ./billing
 ```

-`etc/config.yaml` 使用结构化配置，环境覆盖优先：
+`etc/config.yaml` 使用结构化配置；需要环境变量时在字段值明确写引用，固定值不被覆盖：

 ```yaml
 database:
  host: db.example.com
  port: 3306
  user: app
+  password: "${DB_PASSWORD}"
  database: billing
  parseTime: true
  location: UTC
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ database:
    pingTimeout: 5s
 ```

-通过 `GO_OMNI_DB_PASSWORD` 传密码；还有 HOST、PORT、USER、DATABASE、TLS_CA_FILE、TLS_CERT_FILE、TLS_KEY_FILE、POOL_MAX_OPEN_CONNS 等。业务也可自定义 env 标签。新生成服务不再读取 DSN；独立数据库迁移 CLI 和手写 `database.Open/OpenConnector` 的原接口保留。
+示例通过文件里的 `${DB_PASSWORD}` 读取密码；HOST、PORT、TLS 和池参数同样按需在文件写引用，不自动扫描变量、不使用 env 标签。新生成服务使用结构化连接参数；独立迁移 CLI 的显式 DSN 参数及 Open/OpenConnector 接口保留。

 默认启用 TLS 并校验系统信任链与主机名；私有 CA 用 caFile，双向 TLS 额外设置 certFile/keyFile。只有明确设置 `tls.mode: disabled` 才使用明文。Unix socket 用 socket，若在 socket 上使用 TLS，必须提供 serverName。不会注册全局 TLS 配置或全局驱动 Logger。

--- a/database/mysql/mysql.go
+++ b/database/mysql/mysql.go
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ type Config struct {
 	Port      int    `json:"port"`
 	Socket    string `json:"socket"`
 	User      string `json:"user"`
-	Password  string `json:"password" env:",secret"`
+	Password  string `json:"password"`
 	Database  string `json:"database"`
 	ParseTime bool   `json:"parseTime"`
 	Location  string `json:"location"`
--- a/examples/configuration/README.md
+++ b/examples/configuration/README.md
@@ -10,11 +10,13 @@ DEMO_CLIENT_TIMEOUT=500ms DEMO_MAX_ITEMS=0 go run ./examples/configuration
 DEMO_MAX_ITEMS=wrong go run ./examples/configuration
 ```

-前三次都输出 `timeout=2s maxItems=100 allowed=[json xml]`。环境覆盖允许显式零值。
+前三次都输出 `timeout=2s maxItems=100 allowed=[json xml]`。文件显式引用允许零值。
 最后一条输出定位 `maxItems` / `DEMO_MAX_ITEMS` 的安全错误，不打印输入原值。
 也可 `-config /path/to/app.yaml` 读取自己的文件。示例没有建立网络连接。

-`Config` 定义字段，`envDefault` 定义缺省值，`Validate` 用 `config.Invalid` 返回字段与公开原因。
+`Config` 定义字段，`Default()` 定义初始值，`Validate` 用 `config.Invalid` 返回字段与公开原因。
+文件中的 `${NAME}` 必填，`${NAME:-value}` 支持空/未设置的备用值，`$${NAME}` 保留字面量；字符串不裁剪，也不二次展开。没有出现在文件引用中的变量不会被读取。
+
 `newLoader` 额外注册 `.custom`（演示复用 JSON decoder）；同一个 `load` 可读取所有格式。
 JSON/YAML/XML 直接可用，无需注册。新增格式只修改解析器注册，不改业务结构或校验。

--- a/examples/configuration/config.json
+++ b/examples/configuration/config.json
@@ -1,5 +1 @@
-{
-  "client": {"endpoint": "https://example.com", "timeout": "2s"},
-  "maxItems": 100,
-  "allowed": ["json", "xml"]
-}
+{"client":{"endpoint":"https://${DEMO_HOST:-example.com}","timeout":"${DEMO_CLIENT_TIMEOUT:-2s}","token":"${DEMO_CLIENT_TOKEN:-}"},"maxItems":"${DEMO_MAX_ITEMS:-100}","allowed":["json","xml"]}
--- a/examples/configuration/config.xml
+++ b/examples/configuration/config.xml
@@ -1,8 +1 @@
-<config>
-  <client>
-    <endpoint>https://example.com</endpoint>
-    <timeout>2s</timeout>
-  </client>
-  <maxItems>100</maxItems>
-  <allowed type="array"><item>json</item><item>xml</item></allowed>
-</config>
+<config><client><endpoint>https://${DEMO_HOST:-example.com}</endpoint><timeout>${DEMO_CLIENT_TIMEOUT:-2s}</timeout><token>${DEMO_CLIENT_TOKEN:-}</token></client><maxItems>${DEMO_MAX_ITEMS:-100}</maxItems><allowed type="array"><item>json</item><item>xml</item></allowed></config>
--- a/examples/configuration/config.yaml
+++ b/examples/configuration/config.yaml
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 client:
-  endpoint: https://example.com
-  timeout: 2s
-maxItems: 100
+  endpoint: "https://${DEMO_HOST:-example.com}"
+  timeout: "${DEMO_CLIENT_TIMEOUT:-2s}"
+  token: "${DEMO_CLIENT_TOKEN:-}"
+maxItems: "${DEMO_MAX_ITEMS:-100}"
 allowed: [json, xml]
--- a/examples/configuration/main.go
+++ b/examples/configuration/main.go
@@ -17,16 +17,18 @@ var examples embed.FS

 type ClientConfig struct {
 	Endpoint string        `json:"endpoint"`
-	Timeout  time.Duration `json:"timeout" envDefault:"3s"`
-	// This field is deliberately unavailable to configuration files.
-	Token string `json:"-" env:"DEMO_CLIENT_TOKEN,secret"`
+	Timeout  time.Duration `json:"timeout"`
+	// The file chooses a fixed value or an explicit environment reference.
+	Token string `json:"token"`
 }
 type Config struct {
 	Client   ClientConfig `json:"client"`
-	MaxItems int          `json:"maxItems" envDefault:"20"`
+	MaxItems int          `json:"maxItems"`
 	Allowed  []string     `json:"allowed"`
 }

+func Default() Config { return Config{Client: ClientConfig{Timeout: 3 * time.Second}, MaxItems: 20} }
+
 func (c Config) Validate() error {
 	if c.Client.Timeout <= 0 {
 		return config.Invalid("client.timeout", "must be positive")
@@ -48,7 +50,7 @@ func load(path string) (Config, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return Config{}, err
 	}
-	return config.LoadProject(path, Config{}, config.EnvOptions{Prefix: "DEMO_", Empty: "reject"}, loader)
+	return config.LoadProject(path, Default(), loader)
 }
 func run() error {
 	path := flag.String("config", "", "external configuration file")
--- a/examples/httpClient/README.md
+++ b/examples/httpClient/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+# HTTP Client 示例
+
+```sh
+go run ./examples/httpClient
+```
+
+只创建本机临时 HTTP 服务，不访问业务系统、数据库或公网；结束后关闭连接和监听器。
+示例创建并复用一个 Client，显式直连，配置连接池/阶段超时，通过 JSON 选项传入 Authorization 和 Accept，并按单次请求收紧响应上限。
+
+输出 `authenticated request succeeded`。示例 token 是固定演示字符串，实际项目从配置或请求上下文取得认证信息。
+
+完整参数、代理规则、流式调用、生命周期、重试边界和兼容说明见 [httpc](../../httpc/README.md)。
--- a/examples/httpClient/main.go
+++ b/examples/httpClient/main.go
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+// Run with go run ./examples/httpClient. All HTTP traffic stays on loopback.
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"os"
+	"time"
+
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/httpc"
+)
+
+type result struct {
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+}
+
+func run() error {
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Header.Get("Authorization") != "Bearer example-token" {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(result{Message: "authenticated request succeeded"})
+	}))
+	defer upstream.Close()
+	client, err := httpc.New(httpc.Config{
+		Proxy:   httpc.ProxyConfig{Mode: httpc.ProxyDirect},
+		Timeout: 3 * time.Second, DialTimeout: time.Second, TLSHandshakeTimeout: time.Second,
+		ResponseHeaderTimeout: time.Second, IdleConnTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
+		MaxConnsPerHost: 16, MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 8, MaxIdleConns: 32,
+		MaxResponseBytes: 1 << 20, DisableLogging: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer client.Close()
+	var output result
+	if err = client.JSON(context.Background(), http.MethodGet, upstream.URL, nil, &output,
+		httpc.WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer example-token"),
+		httpc.WithHeaders(http.Header{"Accept": []string{"application/json"}}),
+		httpc.WithMaxResponseBytes(64<<10),
+	); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	fmt.Println(output.Message)
+	return nil
+}
+func main() {
+	if err := run(); err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, err)
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+}
--- a/examples/httpClient/main_test.go
+++ b/examples/httpClient/main_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestExample(t *testing.T) {
+	if err := run(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
--- a/examples/managedService/.goOmni/apiManifest.json
+++ b/examples/managedService/.goOmni/apiManifest.json
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
  "generatorConfig": true,
-  "templateVersion": "v0.20.0-preview",
+  "templateVersion": "v0.22.0-preview",
  "profile": {
    "database": "none",
    "storage": "none",
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
  "entry": "api/managed.api",
  "generated": {
    "docs/openapi.json": "0370fd6bd6a387e2ef21f6b42b009ce66749846b8bea3d481009a34f3af039a5",
-    "internal/config/loadGen.go": "5d630b894abdbbd66ddfa7d7d30f7573fc4ff995020a32a9f9157cd4af3a5655",
+    "internal/config/loadGen.go": "d85e3123e4c96c95cb0886e60e4760230426efca4d2bbbfc981822da08b90d13",
    "internal/handler/appGen.go": "f5251b4dc33e2312b0bdb71ead70d2171977d851265e124f640458d705a2cc9d",
    "internal/handler/demo/handlersGen.go": "3c76d85dbe89eb5127d9d134dc625203ecf9719dd11d174c1f335691b99e1375",
    "internal/handler/openapiGen.go": "f24cab3abbb8557a3fc4dd93fba23cc0b093f3e0c944d3ba1bd5b0eeff2d96f3",
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
    "internal/svc/runtimeGen.go": "29f6afb6614881935099c1845ecb3f7902ee773caa077940f566cb8dfdbcdbb1",
    "internal/types/dtoManagedd28645a2af1cGen.go": "7586e86fa5d67051283178cc578c890f6c02fd2d5c383170a71a39c2e77ce344",
    "internal/types/typesGen.go": "372d67f23a313b3e77d2a3b7a236315db9721bc63350bf1f71db1293e57570d1",
-    "main.go": "64e26d97de7e7c6c17f47186785edc73d43c23d6c20b50bfc7fff6ef2e914f17"
+    "main.go": "10cb6a84b2eb1b68dc10c2dca949c9dd7c68a9f78a8e6d8f56ce9336d4b2d125"
  },
  "contract": {
    "routes": {
--- a/examples/managedService/README.md
+++ b/examples/managedService/README.md
@@ -46,6 +46,6 @@ Configuration, API contracts, svc fields/Init/AppOptions, Logic, Repository and
 middleware implementations remain developer-owned. Regeneration preserves them.
 Use `go-omni api format` to format local contracts, then `api generate` and
 `api generate --check`. See the [framework development guide](../../DEVELOPMENT.md)
-for array/null responses, typed multipart, full configuration environment overrides,
+for array/null responses, typed multipart, explicit configuration references and -check-config,
 shared contracts and v0.13 upgrade steps. This example keeps its raw callback,
 streaming upload and download to exercise those existing extension points.
--- a/examples/managedService/etc/config.yaml
+++ b/examples/managedService/etc/config.yaml
@@ -1,16 +1,3 @@
-# Non-secret settings only. Environment variables override these values.
 server:
-  address: '127.0.0.1:8080'
-  enableLogger: true
-  slowRequestThreshold: 500ms
-  shutdownTimeout: 10s
-  endpoints:
-    liveness: {enabled: true, path: /health/live, responseMode: app}
-    readiness: {enabled: true, path: /health/ready, responseMode: app}
-    openapi: {enabled: true, path: /openapi.json}
-  log:
-    service: "example.com/managed"
-    level: info
-    format: json
-    output: stderr
-    redactKeys: []
+  address: "${GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}"
+  transport: "${GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT:-nethttp}"
--- a/examples/managedService/go.mod
+++ b/examples/managedService/go.mod
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ module example.com/managed

 go 1.22.0

-require git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni v0.20.0-preview
+require git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni v0.22.0-preview

 require (
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 // indirect
--- a/examples/managedService/internal/config/loadGen.go
+++ b/examples/managedService/internal/config/loadGen.go
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@ package config

 import omniConfig "git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"

-// Load is maintained by the generator. Extend Config/Default/Validate in
-// config.go, or NewLoader in loader.go; do not duplicate the loading pipeline.
+// Load resolves explicit file references, binds onto Default and validates.
+// Ordinary projects only edit Config, Default, Validate and the selected file.
 func Load(path string) (Config, error) {
 	loader, err := NewLoader()
 	if err != nil {
 		return Config{}, err
 	}
-	return omniConfig.LoadProject(path, Default(), omniConfig.EnvOptions{
-		Prefix: "GO_OMNI_", Empty: "ignore", Aliases: omniConfig.ServerEnvAliases("GO_OMNI_", "server"),
-	}, loader)
+	return omniConfig.LoadProject(path, Default(), loader)
 }
--- a/examples/managedService/main.go
+++ b/examples/managedService/main.go
@@ -17,8 +17,15 @@ import (
 )

 func main() {
-	path := flag.String("config", "etc/config.yaml", "configuration file; empty uses defaults and environment")
+	path := flag.String("config", "etc/config.yaml", "configuration file; empty uses only Default()")
+	check := flag.Bool("check-config", false, "validate configuration and exit without starting dependencies")
 	flag.Parse()
+	if *check {
+		if _, err := config.Load(*path); err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
 	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
 	defer stop()
 	if err := run(ctx, *path); err != nil {
--- a/examples/modules/README.md
+++ b/examples/modules/README.md
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ go run ./examples/modules
 ```

 默认监听 `127.0.0.1:8080`，使用仅限开发的 `Bearer dev-token`。
-配置 `GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT=native` 可直接切换自研网络层，TLS 配置与主框架一致。
+默认读取 `examples/modules/config.yaml`，也可用 `-config` 选择一个其他文件。文件显式引用了 `GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT`，设置为 native 可切换自研网络层；TLS 在文件的 `tls.certFile` / `tls.keyFile` 中配置。此示例直接加载框架 Config，没有生成项目的 server 外层。

 ```sh
 curl -H 'Authorization: Bearer dev-token' http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/catalog
--- a/examples/modules/config.yaml
+++ b/examples/modules/config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+address: "${GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}"
+transport: "${GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT:-nethttp}"
--- a/examples/modules/main.go
+++ b/examples/modules/main.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
+	"flag"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
@@ -106,13 +107,11 @@ func newApp(settings omni.Config, token, upstream string) (application *omni.App
 }

 func run(ctx context.Context) error {
-	settings, err := omni.LoadConfig("")
+	settings, err := omni.LoadConfig(*configPath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR") == "" {
-		settings.Address = "127.0.0.1:8080"
-	}
+
 	token := os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_DEV_TOKEN")
 	if token == "" {
 		token = "dev-token"
@@ -124,7 +123,10 @@ func run(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return application.RunContext(ctx)
 }

+var configPath = flag.String("config", "examples/modules/config.yaml", "configuration file")
+
 func main() {
+	flag.Parse()
 	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
 	defer stop()
 	if err := run(ctx); err != nil {
--- a/examples/modules/main_test.go
+++ b/examples/modules/main_test.go
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func TestModulesConfiguredTransports(t *testing.T) {
 				io.WriteString(w, `{"name":"upstream catalog"}`)
 			}))
 			defer upstream.Close()
-			settings, err := omni.LoadConfig("MODULES_TEST_")
+			settings, err := omni.LoadConfig("")
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
--- a/examples/platform/main.go
+++ b/examples/platform/main.go
@@ -88,16 +88,9 @@ func newApp(cfg omni.Config, d dependencies) (*omni.App, error) {
 	return app, nil
 }
 func run(ctx context.Context, configFile, root string) error {
-	var cfg config.Config
-	var err error
-	if configFile != "" {
-		cfg, err = config.LoadFile(configFile, "")
-	} else {
-		cfg, err = config.LoadFromEnv("")
-		if os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR") == "" {
-			cfg.Address = "127.0.0.1:8080"
-		}
-	}
+	defaults := config.Default()
+	defaults.Address = "127.0.0.1:8080"
+	cfg, err := config.LoadProject(configFile, defaults)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
--- a/examples/reference/README.md
+++ b/examples/reference/README.md
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
 go run ./examples/reference
 ```

-默认监听 `127.0.0.1:8080`，可通过环境变量调整：
+默认读取 `examples/reference/config.yaml`，监听 `127.0.0.1:8080`。文件已显式引用地址变量：

 ```sh
-GO_OMNI_ADDR=127.0.0.1:8081 go run ./examples/reference
+GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR=127.0.0.1:8081 go run ./examples/reference
 ```

 如果终端提示找不到 `go`，需要先把 Go 的 `bin` 目录加入 `PATH`。不要与 `examples/basic` 同时占用同一个端口。
@@ -133,14 +133,10 @@ curl -i http://127.0.0.1:8080/api/v1/users/1
 - 列表按 ID 排序、返回总数，空列表使用 `[]`。
 - 使用传入的 `context.Context` 执行查询，保留创建时间，修改时更新时间。

-MySQL 运行配置通过环境变量传入：
+此手写示例显式读取 `GO_OMNI_DB_DSN`；驱动固定 mysql，连接池使用 database.DefaultConfig()。项目可将数据库配置放入自己的 Config 并通过 LoadProject 统一加载（见 [配置指南](../../CONFIG.md)），框架不再自动读取数据库环境变量：

 ```sh
-export GO_OMNI_DB_DRIVER=mysql
 export GO_OMNI_DB_DSN='root:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/go_omni?parseTime=true&loc=UTC'
-export GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_OPEN_CONNS=10
-export GO_OMNI_DB_MAX_IDLE_CONNS=5
-export GO_OMNI_DB_PING_TIMEOUT=5s
 go run ./examples/reference
 ```

--- a/examples/reference/config.yaml
+++ b/examples/reference/config.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+address: "${GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}"
+transport: "${GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT:-nethttp}"
+tls:
+  certFile: "${GO_OMNI_TLS_CERT_FILE:-}"
+  keyFile: "${GO_OMNI_TLS_KEY_FILE:-}"
+log:
+  service: reference-api
+  environment: local
+  output: stdout
--- a/examples/reference/main.go
+++ b/examples/reference/main.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package main

 import (
 	"context"
+	"flag"
 	"log"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ func registerRoutes(application *omni.App, users service.UserRepository, logger
 }

 func main() {
+	flag.Parse()
 	ctx, stop := signal.NotifyContext(context.Background(), os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM)
 	defer stop()
 	if err := runReference(ctx); err != nil {
@@ -49,29 +51,9 @@ func main() {
 	}
 }

-func referenceConfig() (omni.Config, error) {
-	settings, err := omni.LoadConfig("")
-	if err != nil {
-		return settings, err
-	}
-	// Preserve the example's loopback default and legacy address variable.
-	if strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR")) == "" {
-		settings.Address = strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_ADDR"))
-		if settings.Address == "" {
-			settings.Address = "127.0.0.1:8080"
-		}
-	}
-	if settings.Log.Service == "" {
-		settings.Log.Service = "reference-api"
-	}
-	if settings.Log.Environment == "" {
-		settings.Log.Environment = "local"
-	}
-	if strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT")) == "" {
-		settings.Log.Output = "stdout"
-	}
-	return settings, nil
-}
+var configPath = flag.String("config", "examples/reference/config.yaml", "configuration file")
+
+func referenceConfig() (omni.Config, error) { return omni.LoadConfig(*configPath) }

 func runReference(ctx context.Context) error {
 	settings, err := referenceConfig()
@@ -106,10 +88,9 @@ func openUsers(ctx context.Context, logger *logx.Logger) (service.UserRepository
 	if strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DSN")) == "" {
 		return repository.NewMemoryUsers(), func() error { return nil }, "memory", nil
 	}
-	cfg, err := database.ConfigFromEnv("GO_OMNI_DB_")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, "", err
-	}
+	cfg := database.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Driver = "mysql"
+	cfg.DSN = os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DSN")
 	db, err := database.Open(ctx, cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, nil, "", err
--- a/examples/reference/transport_test.go
+++ b/examples/reference/transport_test.go
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"testing"
@@ -99,7 +101,11 @@ func TestBusinessConfiguredTransports(t *testing.T) {
 				t.Setenv("REFERENCE_TEST_TLS_CERT_FILE", cert)
 				t.Setenv("REFERENCE_TEST_TLS_KEY_FILE", key)
 			}
-			settings, err := omni.LoadConfig("REFERENCE_TEST_")
+			path := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.yaml")
+			if err := os.WriteFile(path, []byte("transport: ${REFERENCE_TEST_TRANSPORT}\nshutdownTimeout: 3s\ntls:\n  certFile: \"${REFERENCE_TEST_TLS_CERT_FILE:-}\"\n  keyFile: \"${REFERENCE_TEST_TLS_KEY_FILE:-}\""), 0600); err != nil {
+				t.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			settings, err := omni.LoadConfig(path)
 			if err != nil {
 				t.Fatal(err)
 			}
@@ -159,24 +165,26 @@ func TestBusinessConfiguredTransports(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestReferenceAddressCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
+func TestReferenceExplicitConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	previous := *configPath
+	*configPath = "config.yaml"
+	defer func() { *configPath = previous }()
 	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT", "native")
+	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR", "")
 	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_TLS_CERT_FILE", "")
 	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_TLS_KEY_FILE", "")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR", "")
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_ADDR", "")
-	settings, err := referenceConfig()
-	if err != nil || settings.Address != "127.0.0.1:8080" || settings.Transport != "native" {
-		t.Fatalf("default: %+v %v", settings, err)
+	c, err := referenceConfig()
+	if err != nil || c.Address != "127.0.0.1:8080" || c.Transport != "native" {
+		t.Fatal(c, err)
 	}
-	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_ADDR", "127.0.0.1:8081")
-	settings, err = referenceConfig()
-	if err != nil || settings.Address != "127.0.0.1:8081" {
-		t.Fatalf("legacy: %+v %v", settings, err)
+	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_ADDR", "127.0.0.1:1234")
+	c, err = referenceConfig()
+	if err != nil || c.Address != "127.0.0.1:8080" {
+		t.Fatal("implicit alias", err)
 	}
 	t.Setenv("GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR", "127.0.0.1:8082")
-	settings, err = referenceConfig()
-	if err != nil || settings.Address != "127.0.0.1:8082" {
-		t.Fatalf("standard: %+v %v", settings, err)
+	c, err = referenceConfig()
+	if err != nil || c.Address != "127.0.0.1:8082" {
+		t.Fatal(c, err)
 	}
 }
--- a/examples/userService/README.md
+++ b/examples/userService/README.md
@@ -18,13 +18,12 @@ go-omni migrate --dir migrations --apply
 go run ./cmd/server
 ```

-源码示例的 go.mod 使用 `replace ... => ../..`。生成代码使用 `v0.8.0-preview` 响应策略入口。
+源码示例的 go.mod 使用 `replace ... => ../..`。生成代码使用 `v0.22.0-preview` 显式配置加载入口。
 复制到独立仓库时删除 replace，保留同版本固定依赖，再执行 go mod tidy；CLI 也固定到同一版本。
 远程版本验证脚本会检查没有本地替换。
 `GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT=native` 可切换为 native，业务代码无需调整。

-配置是默认值 → etc/config.yaml → 环境变量。日志默认写入 var/log/server.log 并轮转，
-`GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT=stderr` 可以切换为标准错误输出。MySQL 默认最多 10 条连接。
+配置是 Default() → etc/config.yaml 的显式引用 → 类型绑定与校验。文件里的固定值不会被环境自动覆盖。日志默认写入 var/log/server.log 并轮转；要改用 stderr，在文件明确设置 log.file 为空、log.rotation.enabled 为 false、log.output 为 stderr。MySQL 默认最多 10 条连接。
 应用检查 users 和 user_audit 表，缺失时拒绝启动，不自动改表。

 ## 接口
--- a/examples/userService/etc/config.yaml
+++ b/examples/userService/etc/config.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-# Non-secret settings only. Environment variables override these values.
+# Defaults are overridden only by fields in this file.
 server:
-  address: '127.0.0.1:8080'
+  transport: "${GO_OMNI_TRANSPORT:-nethttp}"
+  address: "${GO_OMNI_HTTP_ADDR:-127.0.0.1:8080}"
  enableLogger: true
  slowRequestThreshold: 500ms
  shutdownTimeout: 10s
@@ -17,16 +18,19 @@ server:
      compress: true
    redactKeys: []
 storage:
+  filesToken: "${GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN:-}"
+  signingKey: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY}"
  provider: local
  maxBytes: 33554432
  contentTypes: ['text/plain', 'image/png', 'image/jpeg', 'application/pdf']
  linkTtl: 5m
  requestTimeout: 30s
  root: './var/files'
-  publicUrl: 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/storage/object'
+  publicUrl: "${GO_OMNI_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL:-http://127.0.0.1:8080/storage/object}"


 database:
+  dsn: "${GO_OMNI_DB_DSN}"
  driver: mysql
  maxOpenConns: 10
  maxIdleConns: 5
--- a/examples/userService/go.mod
+++ b/examples/userService/go.mod
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ module example.com/userService
 go 1.22.0

 require (
-	git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni v0.8.0-preview
+	git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni v0.22.0-preview
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3
 )

--- a/examples/userService/internal/repository/user/transaction_test.go
+++ b/examples/userService/internal/repository/user/transaction_test.go
@@ -15,10 +15,9 @@ func TestTransactions(t *testing.T) {
 	if os.Getenv("USER_SERVICE_TEST_DATABASE") != "1" {
 		t.Skip("isolated MySQL required")
 	}
-	cfg, err := database.ConfigFromEnv("")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
+	cfg := database.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Driver = "mysql"
+	cfg.DSN = os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_DB_DSN")
 	db, err := database.Open(context.Background(), cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatal(err)
--- a/examples/userService/internal/settings/config.go
+++ b/examples/userService/internal/settings/config.go
@@ -3,14 +3,11 @@ package settings

 import (
 	"errors"
-	"fmt"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/config"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/database"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
 	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/storage"
 	"net/url"
-	"os"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 )
@@ -38,40 +35,7 @@ func Default() Config {
 	}}
 }

-// Load uses defaults -> strict YAML/JSON -> nonempty environment variables.
-// Pass an empty path to use only defaults and environment.
-func Load(path string) (Config, error) {
-	cfg := Default()
-	var err error
-	if path != "" {
-		cfg, err = config.DecodeFile(path, cfg)
-		if err != nil {
-			return Config{}, err
-		}
-	}
-	cfg.Server, err = config.ApplyEnv(cfg.Server, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	// A stream explicitly selected by environment overrides a file profile.
-	if output := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_OUTPUT")); output != "" && strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_LOG_FILE")) == "" {
-		cfg.Server.Log.File = ""
-		cfg.Server.Log.Rotation = logx.RotationConfig{}
-	}
-
-	if err = cfg.Storage.applyEnv(); err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-
-	cfg.Database, err = database.ApplyEnv(cfg.Database, "")
-	if err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	if err = cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return Config{}, err
-	}
-	return cfg, nil
-}
+func Load(path string) (Config, error) { return config.LoadProject(path, Default()) }
 func (c Config) Validate() error {

 	if err := c.Database.Validate(); err != nil {
@@ -108,62 +72,17 @@ type StorageConfig struct {
 	ContentTypes   []string      `json:"contentTypes"`
 	LinkTTL        time.Duration `json:"linkTtl"`
 	RequestTimeout time.Duration `json:"requestTimeout"`
-	// Secrets are environment-only and cannot be populated by config files.
-	FilesToken   string `json:"-"`
-	SigningKey   string `json:"-"`
-	AccessKey    string `json:"-"`
-	SecretKey    string `json:"-"`
-	SessionToken string `json:"-"`
+	// The file explicitly selects secret environment references.
+	FilesToken   string `json:"filesToken"`
+	SigningKey   string `json:"signingKey"`
+	AccessKey    string `json:"accessKey"`
+	SecretKey    string `json:"secretKey"`
+	SessionToken string `json:"sessionToken"`
 }

 func (s StorageConfig) Policy() storage.UploadPolicy {
 	return storage.UploadPolicy{MaxBytes: s.MaxBytes, ContentTypes: s.ContentTypes}
 }
-func (s *StorageConfig) applyEnv() error {
-	values := map[string]*string{
-		"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ROOT": &s.Root, "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_PUBLIC_URL": &s.PublicURL,
-		"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ENDPOINT": &s.Endpoint, "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_REGION": &s.Region,
-		"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_BUCKET": &s.Bucket, "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_ID": &s.AccountID,
-		"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY": &s.SigningKey, "GO_OMNI_FILES_TOKEN": &s.FilesToken,
-		"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY": &s.AccessKey, "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SECRET_KEY": &s.SecretKey,
-		"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SESSION_TOKEN": &s.SessionToken,
-	}
-	for name, target := range values {
-		if value := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(name)); value != "" {
-			*target = value
-		}
-	}
-	for name, target := range map[string]*time.Duration{"GO_OMNI_STORAGE_LINK_TTL": &s.LinkTTL, "GO_OMNI_STORAGE_REQUEST_TIMEOUT": &s.RequestTimeout} {
-		if value := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv(name)); value != "" {
-			v, err := time.ParseDuration(value)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("%s must be a duration", name)
-			}
-			*target = v
-		}
-	}
-	if value := os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_MAX_BYTES"); value != "" {
-		v, err := strconv.ParseInt(value, 10, 64)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.New("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_MAX_BYTES must be an integer")
-		}
-		s.MaxBytes = v
-	}
-	if value := os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SECURE"); value != "" {
-		v, err := strconv.ParseBool(value)
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.New("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SECURE must be a boolean")
-		}
-		s.Secure = v
-	}
-	if value := strings.TrimSpace(os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_STORAGE_CONTENT_TYPES")); value != "" {
-		s.ContentTypes = strings.Split(value, ",")
-		for i := range s.ContentTypes {
-			s.ContentTypes[i] = strings.TrimSpace(s.ContentTypes[i])
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
 func (s StorageConfig) Validate() error {
 	if s.Provider != "local" {
 		return errors.New("storage.provider must match the adapter selected at generation")
@@ -186,7 +105,7 @@ func (s StorageConfig) Validate() error {
 		return errors.New("storage.publicUrl must be an absolute HTTP(S) URL ending in /storage/object")
 	}
 	if len(s.SigningKey) < 32 {
-		return errors.New("set GO_OMNI_STORAGE_SIGNING_KEY to a stable secret of at least 32 bytes")
+		return errors.New("storage.signingKey requires a stable secret of at least 32 bytes")
 	}

 	return nil
--- a/httpc/README.md
+++ b/httpc/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+# httpc：复用连接的 HTTP 客户端
+
+`httpc` 在标准 `net/http` 上提供独立连接池、网络阶段总超时、保守重试、请求追踪和有界 JSON 调用。普通接口可以直接带认证头调用；上传、下载、特殊协议仍使用标准 Request/Response。没有业务身份模型或全局认证信息。
+
+## 创建一次，业务重复使用
+
+```go
+client, err := httpc.New(httpc.Config{
+    Proxy: httpc.ProxyConfig{Mode: httpc.ProxyDirect},
+    Timeout: 3 * time.Second,
+    DialTimeout: time.Second,
+    TLSHandshakeTimeout: time.Second,
+    ResponseHeaderTimeout: time.Second,
+    MaxConnsPerHost: 32,
+    MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 16,
+    MaxIdleConns: 64,
+    IdleConnTimeout: 60 * time.Second,
+    MaxResponseBytes: 1 << 20,
+})
+if err != nil { return err }
+// 在 svc 初始化并持有 client，向生命周期登记 client.Close。
+// 普通独立程序也可 defer client.Close()；不要每次请求重新 New。
+
+err = client.JSON(ctx, http.MethodGet, serviceURL, nil, &result,
+    httpc.WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer "+token),
+    httpc.WithHeaders(http.Header{"Accept": {"application/json"}}),
+)
+```
+
+Client 可并发使用。每个调用的 input/output 及其读写同步由调用方负责，不要让多个请求同时写同一个 output。
+
+直接运行 [examples/httpClient](../examples/httpClient/README.md)，只使用本地临时服务，无需业务 Token 或外部基础设施。
+
+## 代理规则
+
+| 配置 | 行为 |
+| --- | --- |
+| 不填写 Proxy | 保留被克隆 DefaultTransport 的代理策略；未改动的标准库默认使用环境代理 |
+| `Mode: httpc.ProxyEnvironment` | 明确使用 HTTP_PROXY / HTTPS_PROXY / NO_PROXY（及小写形式） |
+| `Mode: httpc.ProxyDirect` | 设置 Proxy=nil，明确直连，不受环境代理影响 |
+| `Mode: httpc.ProxyURL, URL: "http://proxy.example:8080"` | 固定代理地址，不通过 NO_PROXY 排除 |
+
+支持 http、https、socks5、socks5h；底层行为沿用 Go Transport。固定地址必须是代理 origin，不接受业务路径、查询、fragment 或无效端口。凭证可由 URL userinfo 提供，但配置错误不输出 URL/密码；不要打印整个 Config。环境代理规则由标准库读取并缓存，不提供运行时环境代理热更新。
+
+内部服务要直连，只设置 `proxy.mode: direct`，无需创建 Transport。需要自定义路由、代理认证握手等复杂逻辑时注入自己的 Transport。
+
+## 超时和连接池
+
+除原有字段外，新字段都可选：**0 保留默认行为，正数覆盖，负数拒绝**。需要明确关闭某个阶段超时、关闭 TCP keepalive 或特殊 dialer 时，使用自定义 Transport。
+
+| 字段 | 默认/含义 |
+| --- | --- |
+| Timeout | 10s；从 Do 开始，覆盖 DNS/建连、等待连接、重试、退避、响应头和读取响应体 |
+| DialTimeout | 不填时保留原 dialer；标准库默认 30s；配置后使用标准 net.Dialer |
+| DialKeepAlive | 标准 net.Dialer 的 TCP keepalive 探测间隔，标准默认 30s；不是 HTTP 空闲连接超时 |
+| TLSHandshakeTimeout | 沿用克隆 Transport；标准库默认 10s |
+| ResponseHeaderTimeout | 沿用 Transport，标准默认不单独限制；从完整发送请求后等响应头，总 Timeout 仍生效 |
+| ExpectContinueTimeout | 沿用 Transport；标准默认 1s，等待 `100-continue` 的时间 |
+| IdleConnTimeout | 沿用 Transport；标准默认 90s，只回收空闲连接 |
+| MaxConnsPerHost | 默认 64；每个目标的建连中、活动与空闲连接总上限 |
+| MaxIdleConnsPerHost | 默认等于 MaxConnsPerHost，可单独配置 |
+| MaxIdleConns | 默认 MaxConnsPerHost×2，可单独配置；所有目标合计的空闲连接上限 |
+| MaxResponseBytes | JSON 成功响应默认最多 1 MiB，最大允许配置 1 GiB；应按实际接口保持较小限额 |
+
+每主机上限最多 65536，总空闲连接最多 131072。总空闲上限可以小于各主机上限之和。MaxConnsPerHost 不等于整个进程的连接上限，也不等于 HTTP/2 的请求并发上限。
+
+配置 DialTimeout / DialKeepAlive 会创建标准 net.Dialer；未填的另一个值使用标准默认 30s。不要通过全局修改 DefaultTransport 来塞入项目的特殊拨号逻辑；请显式使用借用的 Transport。若 DefaultTransport 有自定义 TLS dialer，相关阶段覆盖会报错，避免 TLS timeout 被悄悄忽略。
+
+调用者 context 的更早截止时间优先。总超时不能抢占 Go 的 JSON 编解码或不遵守 context 的自定义 RoundTripper；计时从 Do 开始，不包括调用前的 json.Marshal。TLS 校验默认保持开启，没有新增 InsecureSkipVerify 配置。
+
+## JSON 的单次请求选项
+
+```go
+err := client.JSON(ctx, "POST", endpoint, input, &output,
+    httpc.WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer "+token),
+    httpc.WithHeader("X-Tenant", tenant),
+    httpc.WithMaxResponseBytes(64<<10),
+)
+```
+
+- `WithHeader` 设置一个头；`WithHeaders` 支持多值 http.Header。后出现的选项覆盖同名头，不影响其他头。
+- WithHeaders 在创建选项时快照原 map，每次调用复制值。构建后修改原 map 不影响选项，选项可以并发复用；构建时原 map 的读写同步由调用方负责。
+- 不提供 Client 全局 Authorization，避免跨用户调用共享凭证。框架不会把请求头写进日志。
+- 有 input 时默认 Content-Type 为 application/json；显式请求头可覆盖。请求头名称/值会校验，拒绝 CRLF 等控制字符和歧义的大小写重复键。
+- Host、Content-Length、Transfer-Encoding、Trailer 属于请求目标/分帧控制，请用标准 Request 配合 Do；JSON 选项中不允许伪装成普通头。
+- `WithMaxResponseBytes` 是本次 JSON 的正数限额，不修改 Client 默认值，不改变 Do 的流式语义。
+
+JSON 自动关闭响应体。仅 2xx 解码；空成功响应（例如 204）保留 output 原值。非空响应使用标准 json.Unmarshal，拒绝多个 JSON 文档，类型错误保留 Go 的错误信息与行为。
+
+`output == nil` 按限额流式丢弃成功响应，不把整个 body 读进内存，也不检查 JSON 语法。响应限额按实际读取的 body 计算；标准库自动 gzip 解压后仍受上限约束。input 会先 json.Marshal 到内存，大文件上传不适合用 JSON helper。
+
+非 2xx 返回 `*httpc.StatusError`，只包含状态码，不包含错误响应体。为连接复用，只尝试读完**声明长度已知且不超过 min(32 KiB, 本次响应限额)** 的小错误体，最多等待 25ms（或更早总截止时间）；失败仍返回原 HTTP 状态。未知长度/大错误体立即关闭，优先及时返回。重试过程的错误体另受 32 KiB 大小及整体请求截止时间约束，不无界读取。
+
+## 配置文件与生成项目
+
+在项目 Config 中加一个字段：
+
+```go
+Outbound httpc.Config `json:"outbound"`
+```
+
+项目 Validate 中调用 `c.Outbound.Validate()`；创建时 New 也会验证。svc 初始化一次并通过生命周期登记 Close。文件例子：
+
+```yaml
+outbound:
+  timeout: 3s
+  proxy:
+    mode: direct
+  dialTimeout: 500ms
+  tlsHandshakeTimeout: 1s
+  responseHeaderTimeout: 1s
+  maxConnsPerHost: 32
+  maxIdleConnsPerHost: 16
+  maxIdleConns: 64
+  idleConnTimeout: 60s
+  maxResponseBytes: 1048576
+```
+
+统一加载入口读取 JSON/YAML/XML。需要环境变量时在文件明确写 `mode: "${HTTP_PROXY_MODE:-direct}"`、`dialTimeout: "${HTTP_DIAL_TIMEOUT:-500ms}"`；固定值不会被环境自动覆盖。无需手写解析。详见 [统一配置](../CONFIG.md)。
+
+## 标准请求、特殊 TLS 与生命周期
+
+```go
+req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", downloadURL, nil)
+if err != nil { return err }
+req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+res, err := client.Do(req)
+if err != nil { return err }
+defer res.Body.Close()
+// 自行判断状态，按项目要求限流/限制大小，流式写入目标；不要无界 ReadAll 大文件。
+_, err = io.Copy(destination, res.Body)
+```
+
+Do 不自动限制 body，允许下载/流式处理，调用方必须关闭。响应体消费/关闭前网络超时持续有效。
+
+`Config.Transport` 可注入任意 http.RoundTripper，适配自定义 dialer、mTLS、根证书、监控包装或测试替身。框架借用它，**不修改、不调用其 CloseIdleConnections**。代理、连接池、TLS/建连阶段配置不能同时填入，避免无效配置；总 Timeout、JSON 限额、框架重试/日志仍有效。借用实现必须遵守标准请求和 body 所有权、并发及 context 约定。
+
+`Close` 幂等：拒绝新调用，关闭自有池的空闲连接，不主动打断已开始的请求。服务关闭应先排空 HTTP/后台调用，再关闭 Client；它不是后台 drain 的替代品。生成项目可通过 svc 的生命周期登记清理。
+
+## 重试、日志与兼容
+
+MaxRetries 默认 0，最多 5。仅可重放的 GET/HEAD/OPTIONS 对网络错误、429/502/503/504 做框架重试。POST/PUT/PATCH/DELETE 不自动做应用层重试。标准库或自定义 Transport 自己的重放规则仍可能生效，不能承诺业务“恰好执行一次”。
+
+Backoff 默认 100ms，MaxBackoff 默认 2s，采用指数退避与抖动。Retry-After 要求等待超过 MaxBackoff 时返回当前响应，不提前请求；总截止时间限制全部尝试。成功或无重试的调用不计算退避。
+
+不跟随重定向，避免自动向其他地址转发认证信息；3xx 由调用者判断。默认传递 context 中的 X-Request-ID，显式请求头优先。日志只包含 method、hostname、status、attempt、收到响应头的耗时等，不打印路径、查询、用户名密码、认证头或响应体；标准 net/http 返回的 URL 错误可能携带地址，项目不要把 URL 中的密钥当作安全日志字段。
+
+v0.21 兼容说明：
+
+- 原来的 JSON 五参数直接调用继续有效；新方法末尾增加 `...httpc.RequestOption`，自行定义的 interface/方法值类型需要同步签名。
+- 原默认代理、总超时、重试、池大小和成功响应含义保留；新字段未设置时不改变它们。
+- `Transport` 与显式池/代理/阶段参数混用现在报错；此前 MaxConnsPerHost 在自定义 Transport 下实际被忽略。迁移时把参数放到自己的 Transport，或删掉 Transport 改用内置配置。
+- 没有移除 Do、JSON、StatusError 或自定义 Transport，没有引入新第三方依赖。
--- a/httpc/benchmark_test.go
+++ b/httpc/benchmark_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package httpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type benchmarkTransport struct {
+	payload string
+	status  int
+}
+
+func (t benchmarkTransport) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if r.Body != nil {
+		_ = r.Body.Close()
+	}
+	return &http.Response{StatusCode: t.status, Header: make(http.Header), Body: io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(t.payload)), ContentLength: int64(len(t.payload)), Request: r}, nil
+}
+func BenchmarkHTTPClient(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, size := range []int{128, 4096, 65536} {
+		for _, discard := range []bool{false, true} {
+			label := map[int]string{128: "128B", 4096: "4KiB", 65536: "64KiB"}[size]
+			if discard {
+				label += "/discard"
+			} else {
+				label += "/decode"
+			}
+			b.Run(label, func(b *testing.B) {
+				c, err := New(Config{Transport: benchmarkTransport{`{"value":"` + strings.Repeat("x", size) + `"}`, 200}, DisableLogging: true})
+				if err != nil {
+					b.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				defer c.Close()
+				var output struct {
+					Value string `json:"value"`
+				}
+				var target any = &output
+				if discard {
+					target = nil
+				}
+				b.ReportAllocs()
+				b.ResetTimer()
+				for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+					if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", "http://example.invalid/item", nil, target); err != nil {
+						b.Fatal(err)
+					}
+				}
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	b.Run("Do", func(b *testing.B) {
+		c, _ := New(Config{Transport: benchmarkTransport{"", 200}, DisableLogging: true})
+		defer c.Close()
+		r, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://example.invalid/item", nil)
+		b.ReportAllocs()
+		b.ResetTimer()
+		for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+			res, err := c.Do(r)
+			if err != nil {
+				b.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			res.Body.Close()
+		}
+	})
+}
+func BenchmarkHTTPPool(b *testing.B) {
+	for _, status := range []int{200, 401} {
+		b.Run(http.StatusText(status), func(b *testing.B) {
+			s := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { w.WriteHeader(status); io.WriteString(w, `{"ok":true}`) }))
+			defer s.Close()
+			c, _ := New(Config{DisableLogging: true})
+			defer c.Close()
+			b.ReportAllocs()
+			b.ResetTimer()
+			for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+				err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", s.URL, nil, nil)
+				if status == 200 && err != nil {
+					b.Fatal(err)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func BenchmarkHTTPHeaders(b *testing.B) {
+	c, _ := New(Config{Transport: benchmarkTransport{`{"ok":true}`, 200}, DisableLogging: true})
+	defer c.Close()
+	option := WithHeaders(http.Header{"Authorization": []string{"Bearer example"}, "X-Request-Id": []string{"example-request"}})
+	b.ReportAllocs()
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
+		if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", "http://example.invalid", nil, nil, option); err != nil {
+			b.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+}
--- a/httpc/client.go
+++ b/httpc/client.go
@@ -3,9 +3,7 @@
 package httpc

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -22,18 +20,6 @@ import (
 var ErrClosed = errors.New("httpc: closed")
 var ErrResponseTooLarge = errors.New("httpc: response exceeds limit")

-type Config struct {
-	Timeout          time.Duration     `json:"timeout"`
-	MaxRetries       int               `json:"maxRetries"`
-	Backoff          time.Duration     `json:"backoff"`
-	MaxBackoff       time.Duration     `json:"maxBackoff"`
-	MaxConnsPerHost  int               `json:"maxConnsPerHost"`
-	MaxResponseBytes int64             `json:"maxResponseBytes"`
-	DisableRequestID bool              `json:"disableRequestId"`
-	DisableLogging   bool              `json:"disableLogging"`
-	Transport        http.RoundTripper `json:"-"` // Borrowed. The caller owns its lifecycle.
-}
-
 type Client struct {
 	config Config
 	client *http.Client
@@ -41,43 +27,19 @@ type Client struct {
 	closed atomic.Bool
 }

+// New creates a reusable client. Close it after callers and response streams drain.
 func New(cfg Config) (*Client, error) {
-	if cfg.Timeout < 0 || cfg.Backoff < 0 || cfg.MaxBackoff < 0 || cfg.MaxRetries < 0 || cfg.MaxRetries > 5 || cfg.MaxConnsPerHost < 0 || cfg.MaxResponseBytes < 0 {
-		return nil, errors.New("httpc: invalid configuration")
+	normalized, err := normalizeConfig(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	if cfg.Timeout == 0 {
-		cfg.Timeout = 10 * time.Second
-	}
-	if cfg.Backoff == 0 {
-		cfg.Backoff = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	}
-	if cfg.MaxBackoff == 0 {
-		cfg.MaxBackoff = 2 * time.Second
-	}
-	if cfg.Backoff > cfg.MaxBackoff {
-		return nil, errors.New("httpc: backoff exceeds maxBackoff")
-	}
-	if cfg.MaxConnsPerHost == 0 {
-		cfg.MaxConnsPerHost = 64
-	}
-	if cfg.MaxResponseBytes == 0 {
-		cfg.MaxResponseBytes = 1 << 20
-	}
-	if cfg.MaxResponseBytes > 1<<30 || cfg.MaxConnsPerHost > 65536 {
-		return nil, errors.New("httpc: response or connection limit exceeds supported capacity")
-	}
-	c := &Client{config: cfg}
+	c := &Client{config: normalized}
 	transport := cfg.Transport
 	if transport == nil {
-		// Own a private pool; never mutate the process-wide DefaultTransport.
-		base, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
-		if !ok {
-			return nil, errors.New("httpc: provide Transport when DefaultTransport is replaced")
+		c.owned, err = ownedTransport(normalized)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
-		c.owned = base.Clone()
-		c.owned.MaxConnsPerHost = cfg.MaxConnsPerHost
-		c.owned.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = cfg.MaxConnsPerHost
-		c.owned.MaxIdleConns = cfg.MaxConnsPerHost * 2
 		transport = c.owned
 	}
 	c.client = &http.Client{Transport: transport, CheckRedirect: func(*http.Request, []*http.Request) error { return http.ErrUseLastResponse }}
@@ -114,7 +76,10 @@ func (c *Client) Do(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 	}
 	replayable := (base.Method == "" || base.Method == "GET" || base.Method == "HEAD" || base.Method == "OPTIONS") && (base.Body == nil || base.Body == http.NoBody || base.GetBody != nil)
 	for attempt := 0; ; attempt++ {
-		req := base.Clone(ctx)
+		req := base
+		if attempt > 0 {
+			req = base.Clone(ctx)
+		}
 		if attempt > 0 && base.Body != nil && base.Body != http.NoBody {
 			body, err := base.GetBody()
 			if err != nil {
@@ -133,23 +98,9 @@ func (c *Client) Do(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 			logx.InfoContext(ctx, "http.client", "method", req.Method, "host", req.URL.Hostname(), "status", status, "attempt", attempt+1, "durationMs", time.Since(started).Seconds()*1000, "failed", err != nil)
 		}
 		retry := replayable && attempt < c.config.MaxRetries && ctx.Err() == nil && (err != nil || status == 429 || status == 502 || status == 503 || status == 504)
-		delay := c.config.Backoff
-		for i := 0; i < attempt && delay < c.config.MaxBackoff; i++ {
-			if delay > c.config.MaxBackoff/2 {
-				delay = c.config.MaxBackoff
-			} else {
-				delay *= 2
-			}
-		}
-		if response != nil && response.Header.Get("Retry-After") != "" {
-			if value, ok := retryAfter(response.Header.Get("Retry-After")); ok {
-				delay = value
-			}
-		} else if delay > 1 {
-			delay = delay/2 + time.Duration(rand.Int63n(int64(delay/2)+1))
-		}
-		if delay > c.config.MaxBackoff {
-			retry = false
+		var delay time.Duration
+		if retry {
+			delay, retry = c.retryDelay(attempt, response)
 		}
 		if !retry {
 			if err != nil {
@@ -160,9 +111,7 @@ func (c *Client) Do(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
 			return response, nil
 		}
 		if response != nil {
-			if response.ContentLength >= 0 && response.ContentLength <= 32<<10 {
-				_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, response.Body)
-			}
+			drainSmallBody(response, 32<<10)
 			_ = response.Body.Close()
 		}
 		timer := time.NewTimer(delay)
@@ -204,48 +153,6 @@ type StatusError struct{ StatusCode int }

 func (e *StatusError) Error() string { return fmt.Sprintf("httpc: HTTP status %d", e.StatusCode) }

-// JSON bounds response memory, closes the body, and decodes only 2xx responses.
-// Error bodies, URLs, credentials and query strings are not included in logs.
-func (c *Client) JSON(ctx context.Context, method, url string, input, output any) error {
-	if ctx == nil {
-		return errors.New("httpc: nil context")
-	}
-	var body io.Reader
-	if input != nil {
-		data, err := json.Marshal(input)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		body = bytes.NewReader(data)
-	}
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, url, body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if input != nil {
-		request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	}
-	response, err := c.Do(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-	if response.StatusCode < 200 || response.StatusCode >= 300 {
-		return &StatusError{StatusCode: response.StatusCode}
-	}
-	data, err := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(response.Body, c.config.MaxResponseBytes+1))
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if int64(len(data)) > c.config.MaxResponseBytes {
-		return ErrResponseTooLarge
-	}
-	if output == nil || len(bytes.TrimSpace(data)) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return json.Unmarshal(data, output)
-}
-
 func (c *Client) Close() error {
 	c.closed.Store(true)
 	if c.owned != nil {
@@ -253,3 +160,34 @@ func (c *Client) Close() error {
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
+// retryDelay is deliberately outside the success path: no jitter/random work
+// for calls that cannot or do not need to retry.
+func (c *Client) retryDelay(attempt int, response *http.Response) (time.Duration, bool) {
+	delay := c.config.Backoff
+	for i := 0; i < attempt && delay < c.config.MaxBackoff; i++ {
+		if delay > c.config.MaxBackoff/2 {
+			delay = c.config.MaxBackoff
+		} else {
+			delay *= 2
+		}
+	}
+	if response != nil {
+		if value, ok := retryAfter(response.Header.Get("Retry-After")); ok {
+			return value, value <= c.config.MaxBackoff
+		}
+	}
+	if delay > 1 {
+		delay = delay/2 + time.Duration(rand.Int63n(int64(delay/2)+1))
+	}
+	return delay, delay <= c.config.MaxBackoff
+}
+
+// Drain only a known small error body. Unknown/large bodies are closed promptly;
+// never allocate or consume an unbounded error document just to retain a pool slot.
+func drainSmallBody(response *http.Response, limit int64) {
+	limit = min(limit, 32<<10)
+	if response.Body != nil && response.ContentLength >= 0 && response.ContentLength <= limit {
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, io.LimitReader(response.Body, limit+1))
+	}
+}
--- a/httpc/config.go
+++ b/httpc/config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+package httpc
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"reflect"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// ProxyMode controls the owned transport's proxy selection. Empty preserves
+// DefaultTransport's policy (normally environment proxies).
+type ProxyMode string
+
+const (
+	ProxyEnvironment ProxyMode = "environment"
+	ProxyDirect      ProxyMode = "direct"
+	ProxyURL         ProxyMode = "url"
+)
+
+type ProxyConfig struct {
+	Mode ProxyMode `json:"mode"`
+	URL  string    `json:"url"` // May contain credentials; never log the configuration.
+}
+
+// Config owns one private connection pool unless Transport is supplied.
+// New duration/pool fields are optional: zero retains existing defaults, positive
+// values override them. Use a custom Transport for disabling timeouts, custom
+// dialers, mTLS and other protocol-specific settings.
+type Config struct {
+	Timeout               time.Duration     `json:"timeout"`
+	MaxRetries            int               `json:"maxRetries"`
+	Backoff               time.Duration     `json:"backoff"`
+	MaxBackoff            time.Duration     `json:"maxBackoff"`
+	MaxConnsPerHost       int               `json:"maxConnsPerHost"`
+	MaxIdleConns          int               `json:"maxIdleConns"`
+	MaxIdleConnsPerHost   int               `json:"maxIdleConnsPerHost"`
+	DialTimeout           time.Duration     `json:"dialTimeout"`
+	DialKeepAlive         time.Duration     `json:"dialKeepAlive"`
+	TLSHandshakeTimeout   time.Duration     `json:"tlsHandshakeTimeout"`
+	ResponseHeaderTimeout time.Duration     `json:"responseHeaderTimeout"`
+	ExpectContinueTimeout time.Duration     `json:"expectContinueTimeout"`
+	IdleConnTimeout       time.Duration     `json:"idleConnTimeout"`
+	Proxy                 ProxyConfig       `json:"proxy"`
+	MaxResponseBytes      int64             `json:"maxResponseBytes"`
+	DisableRequestID      bool              `json:"disableRequestId"`
+	DisableLogging        bool              `json:"disableLogging"`
+	Transport             http.RoundTripper `json:"-"` // Borrowed; never modified or closed.
+}
+
+const maxResponseBytes int64 = 1 << 30
+
+// Validate checks values without creating pools or making network requests.
+func (cfg Config) Validate() error { _, err := normalizeConfig(cfg); return err }
+func normalizeConfig(cfg Config) (Config, error) {
+	for _, field := range []struct {
+		name  string
+		value time.Duration
+	}{
+		{"timeout", cfg.Timeout}, {"backoff", cfg.Backoff}, {"maxBackoff", cfg.MaxBackoff},
+		{"dialTimeout", cfg.DialTimeout}, {"dialKeepAlive", cfg.DialKeepAlive}, {"tlsHandshakeTimeout", cfg.TLSHandshakeTimeout},
+		{"responseHeaderTimeout", cfg.ResponseHeaderTimeout}, {"expectContinueTimeout", cfg.ExpectContinueTimeout}, {"idleConnTimeout", cfg.IdleConnTimeout},
+	} {
+		if field.value < 0 {
+			return Config{}, fmt.Errorf("httpc: %s must not be negative", field.name)
+		}
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxRetries < 0 || cfg.MaxRetries > 5 {
+		return Config{}, errors.New("httpc: maxRetries must be 0..5")
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxConnsPerHost < 0 || cfg.MaxConnsPerHost > 65536 || cfg.MaxIdleConnsPerHost < 0 || cfg.MaxIdleConnsPerHost > 65536 || cfg.MaxIdleConns < 0 || cfg.MaxIdleConns > 131072 {
+		return Config{}, errors.New("httpc: invalid connection pool limits")
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxResponseBytes < 0 || cfg.MaxResponseBytes > maxResponseBytes {
+		return Config{}, errors.New("httpc: maxResponseBytes must be 0..1 GiB")
+	}
+	if _, err := proxyFunction(cfg.Proxy); err != nil {
+		return Config{}, err
+	}
+	if cfg.Transport != nil {
+		value := reflect.ValueOf(cfg.Transport)
+		switch value.Kind() {
+		case reflect.Pointer, reflect.Map, reflect.Func, reflect.Slice, reflect.Interface, reflect.Chan:
+			if value.IsNil() {
+				return Config{}, errors.New("httpc: nil Transport")
+			}
+		}
+		if cfg.hasTransportOptions() {
+			return Config{}, errors.New("httpc: Transport cannot be combined with proxy, dial, TLS or connection pool options; configure the borrowed transport directly")
+		}
+	}
+	if cfg.Timeout == 0 {
+		cfg.Timeout = 10 * time.Second
+	}
+	if cfg.Backoff == 0 {
+		cfg.Backoff = 100 * time.Millisecond
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxBackoff == 0 {
+		cfg.MaxBackoff = 2 * time.Second
+	}
+	if cfg.Backoff > cfg.MaxBackoff {
+		return Config{}, errors.New("httpc: backoff exceeds maxBackoff")
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxConnsPerHost == 0 {
+		cfg.MaxConnsPerHost = 64
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxIdleConnsPerHost == 0 {
+		cfg.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = cfg.MaxConnsPerHost
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxIdleConns == 0 {
+		cfg.MaxIdleConns = cfg.MaxConnsPerHost * 2
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxResponseBytes == 0 {
+		cfg.MaxResponseBytes = 1 << 20
+	}
+	return cfg, nil
+}
+func (c Config) hasTransportOptions() bool {
+	return c.Proxy.Mode != "" || c.Proxy.URL != "" || c.MaxConnsPerHost != 0 || c.MaxIdleConns != 0 || c.MaxIdleConnsPerHost != 0 || c.DialTimeout != 0 || c.DialKeepAlive != 0 || c.TLSHandshakeTimeout != 0 || c.ResponseHeaderTimeout != 0 || c.ExpectContinueTimeout != 0 || c.IdleConnTimeout != 0
+}
+func proxyFunction(c ProxyConfig) (func(*http.Request) (*url.URL, error), error) {
+	if c.Mode != ProxyURL && c.URL != "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("httpc: proxy URL requires mode url")
+	}
+	switch c.Mode {
+	case "":
+		return nil, nil
+	case ProxyDirect:
+		return nil, nil
+	case ProxyEnvironment:
+		return http.ProxyFromEnvironment, nil
+	case ProxyURL:
+		u, err := url.Parse(c.URL)
+		if err != nil || u == nil || u.Hostname() == "" || u.Opaque != "" || u.RawQuery != "" || u.ForceQuery || u.Fragment != "" || (u.Path != "" && u.Path != "/") {
+			return nil, errors.New("httpc: proxy URL must be an absolute proxy origin without path, query or fragment")
+		}
+		switch u.Scheme {
+		case "http", "https", "socks5", "socks5h":
+		default:
+			return nil, errors.New("httpc: proxy scheme must be http, https, socks5 or socks5h")
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(u.Host, ":") {
+			return nil, errors.New("httpc: proxy port must be 1..65535")
+		}
+		if port := u.Port(); port != "" {
+			n, e := strconv.Atoi(port)
+			if e != nil || n < 1 || n > 65535 {
+				return nil, errors.New("httpc: proxy port must be 1..65535")
+			}
+		}
+		u.Path = ""
+		u.RawPath = ""
+		return http.ProxyURL(u), nil
+	default:
+		return nil, errors.New("httpc: proxy mode must be environment, direct or url")
+	}
+}
+func ownedTransport(cfg Config) (*http.Transport, error) {
+	base, ok := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok || base == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("httpc: provide Transport when DefaultTransport is replaced")
+	}
+	if (base.DialTLSContext != nil || base.DialTLS != nil) && (cfg.DialTimeout > 0 || cfg.DialKeepAlive > 0 || cfg.TLSHandshakeTimeout > 0) {
+		return nil, errors.New("httpc: provide Transport when DefaultTransport has a custom TLS dialer")
+	}
+	t := base.Clone()
+	t.MaxConnsPerHost = cfg.MaxConnsPerHost
+	t.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = cfg.MaxIdleConnsPerHost
+	t.MaxIdleConns = cfg.MaxIdleConns
+	if cfg.Proxy.Mode != "" {
+		proxy, err := proxyFunction(cfg.Proxy)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		t.Proxy = proxy
+	}
+	if cfg.DialTimeout > 0 || cfg.DialKeepAlive > 0 {
+		dialer := &net.Dialer{Timeout: 30 * time.Second, KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second}
+		if cfg.DialTimeout > 0 {
+			dialer.Timeout = cfg.DialTimeout
+		}
+		if cfg.DialKeepAlive > 0 {
+			dialer.KeepAlive = cfg.DialKeepAlive
+		}
+		t.DialContext = dialer.DialContext
+		t.Dial = nil
+	}
+	if cfg.TLSHandshakeTimeout > 0 {
+		t.TLSHandshakeTimeout = cfg.TLSHandshakeTimeout
+	}
+	if cfg.ResponseHeaderTimeout > 0 {
+		t.ResponseHeaderTimeout = cfg.ResponseHeaderTimeout
+	}
+	if cfg.ExpectContinueTimeout > 0 {
+		t.ExpectContinueTimeout = cfg.ExpectContinueTimeout
+	}
+	if cfg.IdleConnTimeout > 0 {
+		t.IdleConnTimeout = cfg.IdleConnTimeout
+	}
+	return t, nil
+}
--- a/httpc/config_test.go
+++ b/httpc/config_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,277 @@
+package httpc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func testClient(t *testing.T, cfg Config) *Client {
+	t.Helper()
+	cfg.DisableLogging = true
+	c, err := New(cfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { c.Close() })
+	return c
+}
+
+func TestTransportConfigurationAndIsolation(t *testing.T) {
+	base := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport)
+	oldConns, oldIdle, oldTimeout := base.MaxConnsPerHost, base.MaxIdleConns, base.ResponseHeaderTimeout
+	cfg := Config{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyDirect}, DialTimeout: time.Second, DialKeepAlive: 20 * time.Second, TLSHandshakeTimeout: 2 * time.Second, ResponseHeaderTimeout: 3 * time.Second, ExpectContinueTimeout: 4 * time.Second, IdleConnTimeout: 5 * time.Second, MaxConnsPerHost: 8, MaxIdleConns: 12, MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 3}
+	c := testClient(t, cfg)
+	if c.owned == base || c.owned.Proxy != nil || c.owned.DialContext == nil || c.owned.MaxConnsPerHost != 8 || c.owned.MaxIdleConns != 12 || c.owned.MaxIdleConnsPerHost != 3 || c.owned.TLSHandshakeTimeout != 2*time.Second || c.owned.ResponseHeaderTimeout != 3*time.Second || c.owned.ExpectContinueTimeout != 4*time.Second || c.owned.IdleConnTimeout != 5*time.Second {
+		t.Fatal("transport options not applied")
+	}
+	if base.MaxConnsPerHost != oldConns || base.MaxIdleConns != oldIdle || base.ResponseHeaderTimeout != oldTimeout {
+		t.Fatal("modified shared transport")
+	}
+	if c.owned.TLSClientConfig != nil && c.owned.TLSClientConfig.InsecureSkipVerify {
+		t.Fatal("TLS verification disabled")
+	}
+	d := testClient(t, Config{})
+	if d.owned.MaxConnsPerHost != 64 || d.owned.MaxIdleConnsPerHost != 64 || d.owned.MaxIdleConns != 128 || d.owned.IdleConnTimeout != base.IdleConnTimeout || d.owned.TLSHandshakeTimeout != base.TLSHandshakeTimeout || d.owned.ResponseHeaderTimeout != base.ResponseHeaderTimeout {
+		t.Fatal("default behavior changed")
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+	if conn, err := c.owned.DialContext(ctx, "tcp", "127.0.0.1:1"); err == nil {
+		conn.Close()
+		t.Fatal("dial ignored context")
+	}
+}
+func TestProxyValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, scheme := range []string{"http", "https", "socks5", "socks5h"} {
+		c := testClient(t, Config{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyURL, URL: scheme + "://user:private-value@proxy.invalid:8080"}})
+		req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://target.invalid", nil)
+		u, err := c.owned.Proxy(req)
+		if err != nil || u.Host != "proxy.invalid:8080" || u.Scheme != scheme {
+			t.Fatal("explicit proxy unavailable")
+		}
+	}
+	bad := []Config{
+		{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: "private-value"}},
+		{Proxy: ProxyConfig{URL: "http://private-value"}},
+		{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyDirect, URL: "http://private-value"}},
+		{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyURL, URL: "http://user:private-value@proxy.invalid:bad"}},
+		{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyURL, URL: "file:///private-value"}},
+		{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyURL, URL: "http://proxy.invalid/private-value"}},
+		{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyURL, URL: "http://proxy.invalid?token=private-value"}},
+		{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyURL, URL: "http://proxy.invalid:65536"}},
+		{DialTimeout: -1}, {DialKeepAlive: -1}, {TLSHandshakeTimeout: -1}, {ResponseHeaderTimeout: -1}, {ExpectContinueTimeout: -1}, {IdleConnTimeout: -1}, {MaxIdleConns: -1}, {MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 65537},
+		{Transport: benchmarkTransport{}, Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyDirect}},
+		{Transport: benchmarkTransport{}, DialTimeout: time.Second}, {Transport: benchmarkTransport{}, MaxConnsPerHost: 2},
+	}
+	for i, cfg := range bad {
+		if _, err := New(cfg); err == nil || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "private-value") {
+			t.Fatalf("case %d: unsafe or missing error %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+	var nilTransport *http.Transport
+	if _, err := New(Config{Transport: nilTransport}); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("typed nil accepted")
+	}
+}
+func TestProxyRouting(t *testing.T) {
+	var proxied, target atomic.Int32
+	proxy := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		proxied.Add(1)
+		if r.URL.Scheme != "http" || r.URL.Host != "target.invalid" {
+			t.Error("not an absolute proxy request")
+		}
+		io.WriteString(w, `{"proxy":true}`)
+	}))
+	defer proxy.Close()
+	origin := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { target.Add(1); io.WriteString(w, `{}`) }))
+	defer origin.Close()
+	// Isolate the standard library's process-cached environment proxy lookup.
+	executable, err := os.Executable()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 15*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, executable, "-test.run=^TestProxyEnvironmentProcess$")
+	for _, value := range os.Environ() {
+		key := strings.SplitN(value, "=", 2)[0]
+		switch strings.ToUpper(key) {
+		case "HTTP_PROXY", "HTTPS_PROXY", "NO_PROXY", "ALL_PROXY", "GO_OMNI_HTTPC_PROXY_CHILD", "GO_OMNI_HTTPC_TARGET":
+			continue
+		}
+		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, value)
+	}
+	cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "GO_OMNI_HTTPC_PROXY_CHILD=1", "GO_OMNI_HTTPC_TARGET="+origin.URL, "HTTP_PROXY="+proxy.URL, "HTTPS_PROXY="+proxy.URL, "NO_PROXY=bypass.invalid")
+	if out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err, string(out))
+	}
+	if proxied.Load() != 3 || target.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy=%d direct=%d", proxied.Load(), target.Load())
+	}
+}
+func TestProxyEnvironmentProcess(t *testing.T) {
+	if os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_HTTPC_PROXY_CHILD") != "1" {
+		t.Skip("subprocess only")
+	}
+	for _, proxy := range []ProxyConfig{{}, {Mode: ProxyEnvironment}, {Mode: ProxyURL, URL: os.Getenv("HTTP_PROXY")}} {
+		c := testClient(t, Config{Proxy: proxy})
+		if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", "http://target.invalid/path", nil, nil); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	environment := testClient(t, Config{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyEnvironment}})
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://bypass.invalid", nil)
+	u, err := environment.owned.Proxy(req)
+	if err != nil || u != nil {
+		t.Fatal("NO_PROXY ignored")
+	}
+	direct := testClient(t, Config{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyDirect}})
+	if direct.owned.Proxy != nil {
+		t.Fatal("direct still has proxy")
+	}
+	if err := direct.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", os.Getenv("GO_OMNI_HTTPC_TARGET"), nil, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+}
+func TestResponseHeaderTimeoutRecovery(t *testing.T) {
+	s := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path == "/slow" {
+			<-r.Context().Done()
+			return
+		}
+		io.WriteString(w, `{}`)
+	}))
+	defer s.Close()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{Timeout: 2 * time.Second, ResponseHeaderTimeout: 30 * time.Millisecond})
+	start := time.Now()
+	err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", s.URL+"/slow", nil, nil)
+	var network net.Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &network) || !network.Timeout() || time.Since(start) > time.Second {
+		t.Fatal("header timeout", err)
+	}
+	if err = c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", s.URL+"/ok", nil, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("did not recover", err)
+	}
+}
+func TestTLSHandshakeTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer listener.Close()
+	done := make(chan struct{})
+	go func() {
+		defer close(done)
+		conn, err := listener.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		defer conn.Close()
+		_, _ = io.Copy(io.Discard, conn)
+	}()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{Timeout: 2 * time.Second, Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyDirect}, TLSHandshakeTimeout: 30 * time.Millisecond})
+	start := time.Now()
+	err = c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", "https://"+listener.Addr().String(), nil, nil)
+	var network net.Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &network) || !network.Timeout() || time.Since(start) > time.Second {
+		t.Fatal("handshake timeout", err)
+	}
+	select {
+	case <-done:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("TLS connection leaked")
+	}
+}
+func TestPoolLimitsAndIdleExpiry(t *testing.T) {
+	var connections atomic.Int32
+	entered := make(chan struct{}, 12)
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	closed := make(chan struct{}, 12)
+	s := httptest.NewUnstartedServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		entered <- struct{}{}
+		select {
+		case <-release:
+		case <-r.Context().Done():
+			return
+		}
+		io.WriteString(w, `{}`)
+	}))
+	s.Config.ConnState = func(_ net.Conn, state http.ConnState) {
+		if state == http.StateNew {
+			connections.Add(1)
+		}
+		if state == http.StateClosed {
+			closed <- struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	s.Start()
+	defer s.Close()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{Timeout: 2 * time.Second, MaxConnsPerHost: 2, MaxIdleConnsPerHost: 2, MaxIdleConns: 2, IdleConnTimeout: 40 * time.Millisecond})
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 12; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func() {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", s.URL, nil, nil); err != nil {
+				t.Error(err)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		select {
+		case <-entered:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			close(release)
+			t.Fatal("requests did not start")
+		}
+	}
+	if connections.Load() != 2 {
+		t.Error("connection cap", connections.Load())
+	}
+	close(release)
+	wg.Wait()
+	if connections.Load() != 2 {
+		t.Fatal("pool was not reused", connections.Load())
+	}
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		select {
+		case <-closed:
+		case <-time.After(time.Second):
+			t.Fatal("idle pool was not reclaimed")
+		}
+	}
+	if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", s.URL, nil, nil); err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if connections.Load() != 3 {
+		t.Fatal("new connection not established after idle timeout")
+	}
+	c.Close()
+	select {
+	case <-closed:
+	case <-time.After(time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Close left idle connections open")
+	}
+}
+func TestHTTPSVerificationRetained(t *testing.T) {
+	s := httptest.NewTLSServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { io.WriteString(w, `{}`) }))
+	defer s.Close()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{Proxy: ProxyConfig{Mode: ProxyDirect}})
+	err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", s.URL, nil, nil)
+	var urlError *url.Error
+	if !errors.As(err, &urlError) {
+		t.Fatal("self-signed server unexpectedly trusted", err)
+	}
+}
--- a/httpc/json.go
+++ b/httpc/json.go
@@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
+package httpc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// JSON bounds response memory, closes the body, and decodes only 2xx responses.
+// Optional headers/limits belong to this call and never alter the client.
+// output=nil discards a bounded stream; it does not buffer or validate JSON.
+// Empty successful bodies leave output unchanged. StatusError contains no body.
+func (c *Client) JSON(ctx context.Context, method, url string, input, output any, options ...RequestOption) error {
+	if ctx == nil {
+		return errors.New("httpc: nil context")
+	}
+	if c.closed.Load() {
+		return ErrClosed
+	}
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	settings := requestOptions{maxResponseBytes: c.config.MaxResponseBytes}
+	if len(options) > 0 {
+		var err error
+		settings, err = jsonOptions(c.config.MaxResponseBytes, options)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	var body io.Reader
+	if input != nil {
+		data, err := json.Marshal(input)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		body = bytes.NewReader(data)
+	}
+	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, url, body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if settings.headers != nil {
+		request.Header = settings.headers
+	}
+	if input != nil {
+		if _, exists := request.Header["Content-Type"]; !exists {
+			request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		}
+	}
+	response, err := c.Do(request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer response.Body.Close()
+	if response.StatusCode < 200 || response.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		drainStatusBody(response, settings.maxResponseBytes)
+		return &StatusError{StatusCode: response.StatusCode}
+	}
+	if response.ContentLength > settings.maxResponseBytes {
+		return ErrResponseTooLarge
+	}
+	limited := io.LimitReader(response.Body, settings.maxResponseBytes+1)
+	if output == nil {
+		count, err := io.Copy(io.Discard, limited)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if count > settings.maxResponseBytes {
+			return ErrResponseTooLarge
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(limited)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if int64(len(data)) > settings.maxResponseBytes {
+		return ErrResponseTooLarge
+	}
+	if len(bytes.TrimSpace(data)) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, output)
+}
+
+// A known small status body may still be slow. Spend at most a short grace
+// period trying to retain the connection, then cancel the HTTP read. The status
+// remains authoritative and the deferred Close still owns body cleanup.
+func drainStatusBody(response *http.Response, limit int64) {
+	if response.ContentLength < 0 || response.ContentLength > min(limit, 32<<10) {
+		return
+	}
+	body, ok := response.Body.(*responseBody)
+	if !ok {
+		return
+	}
+	timer := time.AfterFunc(25*time.Millisecond, body.cancel)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	drainSmallBody(response, limit)
+}
+
+// Keep the option builder out of the allocation path of existing plain calls.
+func jsonOptions(limit int64, options []RequestOption) (requestOptions, error) {
+	settings := requestOptions{maxResponseBytes: limit}
+	for _, option := range options {
+		if option == nil {
+			return requestOptions{}, errors.New("httpc: nil request option")
+		}
+		if err := option(&settings); err != nil {
+			return requestOptions{}, err
+		}
+	}
+	return settings, nil
+}
--- a/httpc/request.go
+++ b/httpc/request.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+package httpc
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+type requestOptions struct {
+	headers          http.Header
+	maxResponseBytes int64
+}
+
+// RequestOption applies only to one JSON call. Returned options can be reused
+// concurrently; request headers are independent, with no client-wide credentials.
+type RequestOption func(*requestOptions) error
+
+// WithHeader sets a header for this call; later options replace earlier values.
+// Framing and Host must be controlled through a standard Request passed to Do.
+func WithHeader(name, value string) RequestOption {
+	name = http.CanonicalHeaderKey(name)
+	err := checkHeader(name, []string{value})
+	return func(o *requestOptions) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if o.headers == nil {
+			o.headers = make(http.Header)
+		}
+		o.headers[name] = []string{value}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithHeaders snapshots headers immediately. Editing the original map after
+// construction does not change the option; each invocation gets separate slices.
+func WithHeaders(headers http.Header) RequestOption {
+	snapshot := make(http.Header, len(headers))
+	var err error
+	for key, values := range headers {
+		name := http.CanonicalHeaderKey(key)
+		if err = checkHeader(name, values); err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+		if _, exists := snapshot[name]; exists {
+			err = errors.New("httpc: duplicate canonical header name")
+			break
+		}
+		snapshot[name] = append([]string(nil), values...)
+	}
+	return func(o *requestOptions) error {
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if o.headers == nil {
+			o.headers = make(http.Header, len(snapshot))
+		}
+		for name, values := range snapshot {
+			o.headers[name] = append([]string(nil), values...)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// WithMaxResponseBytes overrides JSON's bounded response read for one call.
+// The size is positive and at most 1 GiB. Do remains a caller-owned stream.
+func WithMaxResponseBytes(limit int64) RequestOption {
+	return func(o *requestOptions) error {
+		if limit <= 0 || limit > maxResponseBytes {
+			return errors.New("httpc: response limit must be positive and at most 1 GiB")
+		}
+		o.maxResponseBytes = limit
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+func checkHeader(name string, values []string) error {
+	if name == "" {
+		return errors.New("httpc: header name must not be empty")
+	}
+	for _, c := range []byte(name) {
+		if c >= 'a' && c <= 'z' || c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z' || c >= '0' && c <= '9' || strings.ContainsRune("!#$%&'*+-.^_`|~", rune(c)) {
+			continue
+		}
+		return errors.New("httpc: invalid header name")
+	}
+	switch name {
+	case "Host", "Content-Length", "Transfer-Encoding", "Trailer":
+		return errors.New("httpc: use Do for Host or request framing controls")
+	}
+	for _, value := range values {
+		for i := 0; i < len(value); i++ {
+			c := value[i]
+			if c == '\x7f' || c < ' ' && c != '\t' {
+				return errors.New("httpc: invalid header value")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/httpc/request_test.go
+++ b/httpc/request_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+package httpc
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"compress/gzip"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"git.yuntuo.hk/k2safe/go-omni/logx"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestJSONHeadersConcurrentSnapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	var leaked atomic.Bool
+	s := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.Header.Get("Authorization") != "Bearer "+r.URL.Query().Get("caller") {
+			leaked.Store(true)
+		}
+		if r.Header.Get("X-Shared") != "original" || len(r.Header.Values("X-Tag")) != 2 {
+			leaked.Store(true)
+		}
+		if r.Header.Get("Content-Type") != "application/vnd.example+json" {
+			leaked.Store(true)
+		}
+		io.WriteString(w, `{"ok":true}`)
+	}))
+	defer s.Close()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{})
+	headers := http.Header{"X-Shared": []string{"original"}, "X-Tag": []string{"one", "two"}}
+	snapshot := WithHeaders(headers)
+	headers.Set("X-Shared", "changed")
+	headers["X-Tag"][0] = "changed"
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := 0; i < 24; i++ {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			id := fmt.Sprint(i)
+			var output struct {
+				OK bool `json:"ok"`
+			}
+			if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "POST", s.URL+"?caller="+id, map[string]bool{"hello": true}, &output, snapshot, WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer "+id), WithHeader("content-type", "application/vnd.example+json")); err != nil || !output.OK {
+				t.Errorf("JSON failed: %v", err)
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+	if leaked.Load() {
+		t.Fatal("headers leaked across requests or changed with source map")
+	}
+}
+func TestRequestOptionsValidationBeforeNetwork(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls atomic.Int32
+	c := testClient(t, Config{Transport: roundTripperFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		calls.Add(1)
+		return benchmarkTransport{`{}`, 200}.RoundTrip(r)
+	})})
+	invalid := []RequestOption{nil, WithHeader("bad name", "private-token"), WithHeader("Authorization", "private-token\r\nInjected: yes"), WithHeader("Host", "example.invalid"), WithHeader("Content-Length", "1"), WithHeader("Transfer-Encoding", "chunked"), WithHeader("Trailer", "X-Signature"), WithHeaders(http.Header{"X-Name": []string{"one"}, "x-name": []string{"two"}}), WithMaxResponseBytes(0), WithMaxResponseBytes(maxResponseBytes + 1)}
+	for _, option := range invalid {
+		err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", "http://example.invalid", nil, nil, option)
+		if err == nil || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "private-token") {
+			t.Fatal("missing or unsafe error", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if calls.Load() != 0 {
+		t.Fatal("invalid options reached network")
+	}
+}
+func TestJSONResponseLimitsAndStreaming(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls atomic.Int32
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		calls.Add(1)
+		switch r.URL.Path {
+		case "/empty":
+			w.WriteHeader(204)
+		case "/chunked":
+			w.(http.Flusher).Flush()
+			io.WriteString(w, strings.Repeat("x", 17))
+		case "/status-stream":
+			w.WriteHeader(401)
+			w.(http.Flusher).Flush()
+			<-r.Context().Done()
+		case "/multiple":
+			io.WriteString(w, `{} {}`)
+		default:
+			io.WriteString(w, `{"ok":true}`)
+		}
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{MaxResponseBytes: 8, Timeout: time.Second})
+	var out struct {
+		OK bool `json:"ok"`
+	}
+	if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", server.URL, nil, &out, WithMaxResponseBytes(32)); err != nil || !out.OK {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", server.URL, nil, nil); !errors.Is(err, ErrResponseTooLarge) {
+		t.Fatal("limit changed permanently", err)
+	}
+	for _, target := range []any{nil, &out} {
+		if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", server.URL+"/chunked", nil, target, WithMaxResponseBytes(16)); !errors.Is(err, ErrResponseTooLarge) {
+			t.Fatal("unbounded chunked body", err)
+		}
+	}
+	if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", server.URL+"/empty", nil, &out); err != nil || !out.OK {
+		t.Fatal("empty success changed output", err)
+	}
+	if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", server.URL+"/multiple", nil, &out); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("multiple JSON documents accepted")
+	}
+	start := time.Now()
+	err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", server.URL+"/status-stream", nil, nil)
+	var status *StatusError
+	if !errors.As(err, &status) || status.StatusCode != 401 || time.Since(start) > 500*time.Millisecond {
+		t.Fatal("waited for unknown status body", err)
+	}
+	if calls.Load() != 7 {
+		t.Fatal(calls.Load())
+	}
+}
+func TestErrorBodyPoolReuseAndDrainBound(t *testing.T) {
+	var connections atomic.Int32
+	s := httptest.NewUnstartedServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(401)
+		io.WriteString(w, "private-error-body")
+	}))
+	s.Config.ConnState = func(_ net.Conn, state http.ConnState) {
+		if state == http.StateNew {
+			connections.Add(1)
+		}
+	}
+	s.Start()
+	defer s.Close()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{})
+	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+		err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", s.URL, nil, nil)
+		var status *StatusError
+		if !errors.As(err, &status) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), "private-error-body") {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	}
+	if connections.Load() != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("small status response prevented reuse", connections.Load())
+	}
+	body := &countedBody{Reader: strings.NewReader(strings.Repeat("x", 1<<20))}
+	custom := testClient(t, Config{Transport: roundTripperFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		return &http.Response{StatusCode: 401, ContentLength: 1, Body: body, Header: make(http.Header)}, nil
+	})})
+	err := custom.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", "http://example.invalid", nil, nil)
+	var status *StatusError
+	if !errors.As(err, &status) || !body.closed || body.read > (32<<10)+1 {
+		t.Fatal("unbounded/missing drain", body.read, body.closed, err)
+	}
+}
+
+type countedBody struct {
+	io.Reader
+	read   int
+	closed bool
+}
+
+func (b *countedBody) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	n, err := b.Reader.Read(p)
+	b.read += n
+	return n, err
+}
+func (b *countedBody) Close() error { b.closed = true; return nil }
+
+type roundTripperFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripperFunc) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) { return f(r) }
+
+type borrowedTransport struct{ closed atomic.Bool }
+
+func (t *borrowedTransport) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return benchmarkTransport{`{}`, 200}.RoundTrip(r)
+}
+func (t *borrowedTransport) CloseIdleConnections() { t.closed.Store(true) }
+func TestBorrowedTransportAndHeaderRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	owned := &borrowedTransport{}
+	c := testClient(t, Config{Transport: owned})
+	c.Close()
+	if owned.closed.Load() {
+		t.Fatal("closed caller's transport")
+	}
+	var attempts atomic.Int32
+	retry := testClient(t, Config{MaxRetries: 1, Backoff: time.Millisecond, Transport: roundTripperFunc(func(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+		if r.Header.Get("Authorization") != "Bearer test" {
+			t.Error("retry lost header")
+		}
+		status := 200
+		if attempts.Add(1) == 1 {
+			status = 503
+		}
+		return benchmarkTransport{`{}`, status}.RoundTrip(r)
+	})})
+	if err := retry.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", "http://example.invalid", nil, nil, WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer test")); err != nil || attempts.Load() != 2 {
+		t.Fatal(err, attempts.Load())
+	}
+}
+func FuzzRequestHeaderOptions(f *testing.F) {
+	f.Add("Authorization", "Bearer example")
+	f.Add("X-Name", "one\r\nX-Test: bad")
+	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, name, value string) {
+		if len(name)+len(value) > 8192 {
+			t.Skip()
+		}
+		option := WithHeader(name, value)
+		var settings requestOptions
+		if err := option(&settings); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		req, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://example.invalid", nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatal(err)
+		}
+		req.Header = settings.headers
+		// The standard Request writer must be able to serialize accepted headers.
+		if err = req.Write(io.Discard); err != nil {
+			t.Fatal("accepted malformed header", err)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestHTTPLogDoesNotContainCredentials(t *testing.T) {
+	var buffer bytes.Buffer
+	logger, err := logx.New(logx.Config{Writer: &buffer})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer logger.Close()
+	c, err := New(Config{Transport: benchmarkTransport{"private-response", 401}})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	defer c.Close()
+	ctx := logx.WithLogger(context.Background(), logger)
+	err = c.JSON(ctx, "GET", "http://private-user:private-password@example.invalid/private-path?token=private-query", nil, nil, WithHeader("Authorization", "Bearer private-token"))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected status error")
+	}
+	for _, secret := range []string{"private-user", "private-password", "private-path", "private-query", "private-token", "private-response"} {
+		if strings.Contains(buffer.String(), secret) || strings.Contains(err.Error(), secret) {
+			t.Fatal("sensitive field leaked")
+		}
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(buffer.String(), "http.client") {
+		t.Fatal("missing access log")
+	}
+}
+func TestCloseAllowsInflightCallToFinish(t *testing.T) {
+	entered := make(chan struct{})
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	var once sync.Once
+	releaseNow := func() { once.Do(func() { close(release) }) }
+	s := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { close(entered); <-release; io.WriteString(w, `{}`) }))
+	defer s.Close()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{Timeout: time.Second})
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() { done <- c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", s.URL, nil, nil) }()
+	defer releaseNow()
+	select {
+	case <-entered:
+	case err := <-done:
+		t.Fatal("request failed before handler", err)
+	case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("handler not entered")
+	}
+	c.Close()
+	releaseNow()
+	if err := <-done; err != nil {
+		t.Fatal("Close interrupted in-flight call", err)
+	}
+	if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", s.URL, nil, nil); !errors.Is(err, ErrClosed) {
+		t.Fatal("accepted new call after Close", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSlowKnownErrorBodyHasShortDrainBudget(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Length", "100")
+		w.WriteHeader(503)
+		w.(http.Flusher).Flush()
+		<-r.Context().Done()
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{Timeout: 2 * time.Second})
+	start := time.Now()
+	err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", server.URL, nil, nil)
+	var status *StatusError
+	if !errors.As(err, &status) || status.StatusCode != 503 || time.Since(start) > 500*time.Millisecond {
+		t.Fatal("slow error body delayed status", err, time.Since(start))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestJSONLimitAppliesAfterGzipExpansion(t *testing.T) {
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Encoding", "gzip")
+		writer := gzip.NewWriter(w)
+		_, _ = io.WriteString(writer, strings.Repeat("x", 4096))
+		_ = writer.Close()
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+	c := testClient(t, Config{MaxResponseBytes: 64})
+	if err := c.JSON(context.Background(), "GET", server.URL, nil, nil); !errors.Is(err, ErrResponseTooLarge) {
+		t.Fatal("gzip bypassed response limit", err)
+	}
+}
--- a/omni.go
+++ b/omni.go
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ func WithLogConfig(settings LogConfig) Option { return config.WithLogConfig(sett

 func WithShutdownTimeout(timeout time.Duration) Option { return config.WithShutdownTimeout(timeout) }

-func LoadConfig(prefix string) (Config, error) { return config.LoadFromEnv(prefix) }
+func LoadConfig(path string) (Config, error) { return config.LoadFile(path) }

 func SetupLogger(cfg LogConfig) (func() error, error) { return logx.Setup(cfg) }

--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
k2safe	d598b2ebee	feat: load explicit configuration references and remove implicit env overlays	2026-09-26 16:14:54 +08:00
k2safe	4bf6e88cfe	docs: record remote HTTP client release acceptance	2026-09-26 15:30:32 +08:00
k2safe	96e7d9629b	feat: simplify HTTP client proxy pools and authenticated JSON calls	2026-09-26 15:28:19 +08:00
k2safe	068e85132f	test: record remote configuration release acceptance	2026-09-26 14:49:28 +08:00